Funcionamento cognitivo e Cerebral no tdah

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorders in children and adolescents. Its high incidence has awakened the interest of several researchers, mainly in search of its causes. However, despite the efforts, the disorder etiology remains unclear and its diagnosis perseveres eminently in the clinical character.In the perspective of a better understanding of the disorder, the present study sought to investigate cognitive and cerebral functioning in children with ADHD, using electroencephalogram (qEEG) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - WISC IV; perform the correlation between the two instruments; and, explore a possible association of this pathology with environmental variables.The participants of this study were divided between the experimental group and the control group, composed of children from 06 to 12 years of age, of both sexes, respectively, with and without the diagnosis of ADHD. The 21-channel EEG was used to record resting neuronal activity, followed by the spectral decomposition of the 4 to 45 Hz frequency bands, divided into the theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. The cognitive functioning was determined through the WISC IV, which in addition to the total IQ provided information on the following indexes: Verbal Comprehension Index (ICV), Operational Memory Index (IMO), Processing Speed Index (IVP) Perceptual (IOP). Sociodemographic questionnaires were used to collect the variables. The results of this research evidenced that in addition to the experimental group demonstrate a greater relationship with unfavorable psychosocial factors, it also presents lower scores in the WISC-IV and greater amplitudes in the frequencies of neuronal oscillations, studied in relation to the children in the control group. The correlation between qEEG and WISC IV results showed moderate and significant negative correlations of gamma frequency amplitude in both hemispheres with ICV and IVP indices in the control group, but not in the experimental group, as well as moderate negative and significant correlation of the frequency in the left hemisphere and IQ in the same group. The results obtained are in accordance with the majority of data found in the literature. Insofar as this disorder is multicausal, the union of the fields of knowledge offered in this work is important because it enables a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon through the association between brain, behavior and cognition.