Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras - PPGL/ILC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2310

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras (PPGL) do Instituto de Letras e Comunicação (ILC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Confere ao candidato habilitado o título de Mestre e/ou Doutor em Letras, nas Áreas de Concentração em Estudos Literários ou Estudos Linguísticos, tem como objetivos gerais e fundamentais: preparar pesquisadores capazes de desenvolver trabalhos científicos no campo dos Estudos da Linguagem; desenvolver a competência profissional e científica do graduado para que ele atue com criticidade na sua área de conhecimento; e produzir conhecimento científico relevante para o país, com ênfase, quando oportuno, para as especificidades linguísticas e literárias presentes na Região Amazônica.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O abaixamento das médias pretônicas no português falado em Aurora do Pará – PA: uma análise variacionista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-19) FERREIRA, Jany Éric Queirós; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
This research has as an object of study investigating the lowering of the average unstressed variety of Portuguese spoken in Aurora do Pará (PA). It was based on the assumptions of quantitative sociolinguistics Labov (1972), and support needed to investigate systematic variation of a language community. In addition, some methodological procedures adopted by Bortoni - Ricardo (1985) for analysis, important for the study of dialects in communities of migration, social networks were used as in the case of Aurora do Pará, located in the Northeast of Pará and Mesoregion its particularity that the fact of having received significant emigration in the decades of 60,70 and 80 of the last century. The corpus was formed from recordings of interviews of 28 informants were divided into two groups: a) a tether, with 19 migrant informants of Ceará ( nine (9) male and 10 (ten) female), distributed in the age groups 30-46 years and above 50 years; b) a control group, with nine (9) informants (three (3) males and six (6) female), group descended paraenses anchorage. The corpus data submitted to analysis totaled 4,033 occurrences of vowels object, previous (2394) and later (1639). Were established as extralinguistic variables: sex, sample group, residence time, and location. For linguistic variables were considered: the nature of the stressed vowel, pre- pretonica vowel when oral, pre-pretonica when nasal vowel, vowel contiguous distance on the stressed syllable, atonicidade, nature of the suffix, depending on the onset of the syllable vowel target, depending on the onset of the following vowel syllable and syllable weight. After statistical analyzes computed by Goldvarb software, the results showed that in the dialect of Aurora do Pará/PA predominant variants not lowering – [i,e].71 and [u,o] .74 at the expense of lowering - [ E] .28 and [O] .26 . For lowering favoring the variables were: ( i) the nature of the stressed vowel, (ii) pre- pretônica vowel, where oral, (iii ) vowel contiguous, (iv) distance from the syllable tonic, (v) atonicidade (vi) Nature of the suffix , (vii) depending on the onset of the syllable of the target vowel, (viii) depending on the onset of the following syllable, (ix) syllabic weight in relation to syllable vowel target, (x) sex, (xi) range age, (xii) residence time. The results revealed loss of dialectal brand of Ceará migrants because of the dialect contact with other dialects and showed that vowel lowering in the dialect in question is caused mainly by the vowel harmony process. These results are a reflection of the social network of informants which has low density and is uniplex, characterizing them as more likely to cultural changes and linguistic innovations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O abaixamento das vogais médias pretônicas em Belém/PA: um estudo variacionista sobre o dialeto do migrante maranhense frente ao dialeto falado em Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) FAGUNDES, Giselda da Rocha; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
This study aimed to investigate the lowering of the middle unstressed vowels in the variety of Portuguese spoken in Belém (PA). We base ourselves on the assumptions of quantitative sociolinguistics of Labov (1972), and used some methodological procedures adopted by Bortoni-Ricardo (1985) for the analysis of social networks, which are important for the study of dialects in migration communities, as is the case of Bethlehem, which received intense migration in the 50 to 80 of the last century. Also used for comparison, results Castro (2008), Jones (2010), and Ferreira (2013). The corpus was formed from recordings of 18 informants interviews, divided into two groups: a) a tether, with twelve (12) migrant informants state of Maranhão (six (06) male and six (06) female), aged 50 or more, and who reside in Bethlehem more than twenty-five years; b) a control group, with 06 (six) informants (three (03) male and three (03) were female), Pará descendants of the anchor group, aged between 20 and 30 years, or who migrated to Bethlehem very new, with up to three years. The corpus of data submitted to analysis totaled 3.099 occurrences of vowels object, before (1.948) and later (1.151). Were established as extralinguistic variables: sex, sample group and educational level. For linguistic variables were considered: height stressed vowel, the tonic decrease of degree, degree of nasality of tonic, pretônica position in the word, adjacent vowel, distance on the stressed syllable, previous segment, next segment and type of rhyme. After statistical analysis computed by Goldvarb X software, the results showed that in the dialect of Belém / PA there is a predominance of maintenance variants - [e] and 40.7% [the] 43.5% at the expense of the increasing height - [ i] and 23.9% [u] 16.1%, and lowering - [E] 35.5% and [O] 40.4%, however, to be lowering the most productive variant in Maranhão, this was the phenomenon analyzed. The linguistic variables that favored the lowering of the studied variants were: (i) time of stressed vowel, (ii) the degree of decline of tonic, (iii) degree of nasality of tonic, (iv) contiguous vowel, (v) distance on the stressed syllable, (vi) the previous segment, (vii) next segment and (viii) type of rhyme. With regard to extra-linguistic variables (ix) the sample group favored lowering both much and variable (x) sex only favored the lowering . The results revealed maintenance of dialectal brand of Maranhão migrants even under interdialetal contact with another dialect and showed that vowel lowering dialect in question is motivated mainly by vowel harmony process. These results reflect the social network of informants, which has high density and whose vernacular is a symbol of identity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise acústica da relação acento versus entoação no português falado em Mocajuba: contribuições para o Projeto Amper-Norte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-27) COSTA, Maria Sebastiana da Silva; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present dissertation is part of AMPER-NORTE project (Atlas Prosódico Multimédia da Região do Norte do Brasil) and is linked to AMPER-POR project (Atlas Prosódico Multimedia do Português). Its main objective is to contribute to AMPER-NORTE project, featuring the dialectal prosodic variation of the Portuguese spoken in the urban area of Mocajuba (PA). The methodological procedures have been previously established by AMPER project.The corpus has been built with a speech sample of six informants, three males and three females: a woman (BF51) and a man (BF52) of elementary education, a woman (BF53) and a man (BF54) of middle education, a woman (BF55) and a man (BF56) of higher education, variety of Portuguese spoken in Mocajuba.Therefore, the corpus of the city of Mocajuba consists of 102 sentences of the type SVC (subject + verb + complement) with adjectival complement and indicators of place. Each sentence was repeated six times, totaling 612 sentences per informant. The analysis was made from data relative to the six informants. Therefore, 42 sentences were selected, 21 affirmative and 21 total interrogative with noun phrases simple or compound, they were selected to take account of the three accentual guidelines of Portuguese presenting a total of 14 oxytones, 14 paroxytones and 14 proparoxytone. The acoustic analysis of vowels was made in six stages and the results show that acoustic physical parameters of fundamental frequency (F0) and duration (ms) showed significant results for this analysis, confirming such parameters as complementary in the distinction of phrasal modalities in this range under study. The F0 becomes relevant, by moving on clamp format, which preferably occurs in the stressed syllable of the target word, nominal, in the three accentual guidelines and the duration shows that the accentual guidelines (oxytone, paroxytone and proparoxytone) recorded inversely proportional values and it is confirmed as a distinctive parameter. In the intensity, there was not enough satisfactory distinction to confirm it as complementary to F0 and ms in the variety of Portuguese spoken in Mocajuba.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise perceptual da harmonia vocálica na fala Belenense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-29) XAVIER, Francisco Cavalcante; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present work aims to investigate, perceptually, the productivity of vowel harmony (VH) triggered by low vowels in the variety of Portuguese spoken in Belém, PA (Brazil). To this goal, a corpus was formed with 42 paroxytone words, mostly in the CV'CV.CV syllabic mold, in which /e/ and /o/ alternate in the pretonic syllable and /i, e, ɛ, a, ᴐ, o, u/, in the tonic syllable. Using the Wideo Text-to-Speech Software converter, three variants were generated as sound stimuli for each item in the corpus, according to the height of the pretonic vowel: for , [i], [e ], [E]; for , [u], [o], [O]. A sample of 60 Belenenses (people from Belém), stratified by gender, age group and education, responded to a questionnaire implemented on the Gorilla Experiment BuilderTM platform, version 4, with two data collection protocols: I - Frequency Assessment (FA); II - Identification Assessment (IA). For the FA, the main protocol, participants attributed to the variants of , an approximate frequency of occurrence/use in Belenense speech, based on the following scalar indexes: Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Almost always. In the IA, the participants’ assessment was taken to identify the three variants as, in fact, different. For the statistical treatment of the 10,080 data collected, Simple Correlation and Binary Logistic Regression analyzes were applied, using the R Program, version 2024.04.1. Taking , as dependent variables and the seven stressed vowels as independent ones, the results revealed that, in Belém's speech, in general, based on the choice of the full occurrence index, Almost always: (a) the high variants are the least frequent – [i], with a relative frequency of .13 and [u], with .20; (b) the medium variants are largely predominant, adjusting relatively well to all stressed vowels – [e], .77 and [o], .75; (c) the low variants are in second place as most frequent – [E], .43 and [O], .41 –, but, strongly attracted by low stressed vowels, they take the hegemony of the mids in this structural context – [E] , .82; [O], .78. Finally, for the external factors: (a) older speakers highlighted the hegemony of VH – [E], .83; [O], .83; (b) younger speakers attenuated it – [E], .72; [O], .65; c) individuals trained in the research area had higher discrimination rates between the three variants in IA – , .89; , .87. In this view, in the perceptual field, a phonological rule of HV triggered by low vowels was attested in full operation in Belém speech, as acoustic studies had already pointed out (Sousa, 2010; Fagundes, 2015; Souza, 2020). The phenomenon proved to be productive with all low vowels in stressed syllables, both on and , contradicting, at this specific point, the acoustic signal (Souza, 2020).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atitudes e estigma: investigações sobre o status do alteamento da vogal média posterior tônica na variedade marajoara
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-25) FRANCÊS JUNIOR, Celso; AGUILERA, Vanderci de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8323910235303866; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present thesis, entitled: Attitude and Stigma: Investigations of the status of tonic posterior mean increase in the marajoara variety, aimed to: i) examine the role of social variables gender, education and age in the formation of linguistic attitudes towards a variety discredited and suffering prejudice; ii) investigate the cognitive and affective components, within each social variable, as elements that modify attitudes, variations and linguistic changes; and, iii) to study, in parallel, the recurrence of middle back vowels in stressed syllables in the variety of Portuguese spoken in the mesoregion of Marajó, as a variant evaluated below the speaker's level of consciousness. As a complement to the attitude survey, a posterior mid-vowel acoustic study in stressed syllable in the variety of Portuguese spoken in the mesoregion of Marajó was carried out, as a possible heightened variant and evaluation according to linguistic attitudes. For this purpose, the theoretical-ethodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (CARDOSO, 2015; LABOV, 2008; AGUILERA, 2008; CALVET, 2002; MORENO FERNÁNDEZ, 1998; LÓPEZ MORALES, 1989) and Social Psychology (BEM, 1973; LAMBERT; LAMBERT, 1972; ROKEACH, 1968; LICKERT, 1932; THURSTONE, 1929). The universe of this research was the Marajó mesoregion, the largest archipelago of river islands in the world, with 16 municipalities legally, of which the cities of Breves, Curralinho and Portel were selected as target locations, as they comprise zones of interdialectal contact. The work methodology included procedures used for the collection, treatment and analysis of acoustic data and linguistic attitude, namely: i) instruments for collecting acoustic data on speech production, based on the interview protocol (Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaire); and, for data collection and linguistic attitude measurement (false pairs technique), from the attitude questionnaire; ii) profile of research participants, who add up to 72 characteristics socially stratified by sex, age group and education level; iii) variables controlled in the acoustic description (segmental, prosodic and social); and variables controlled in the analysis of linguistic attitude (gender, age and education); iv) data processing. In the analysis procedure, the following were performed: i) an acoustic characterization of the target vowel, based on the parameters of F1 and F2; and iii) an analysis of the linguistic evaluations of the eightening of the stressed back mid vowel in the marajoara variety. The acoustic data showed that the absence of heightening in the target variable was categorical, because in the constitution of an acoustic space that could show the effective behavior of what was thought to be a high posterior vowel, the occurrences of the segment [u] presented its distribution in the same region of the posterior mean [o], with mean value of F1 at 471 Hz and of F2, 956 Hz. This leads us to state that it is the same vocalic segment, based on the acoustic data. The result of the subjective evaluations revealed that native speakers of the marajoara municipalities, target of the research, manifested positive attitudes when they were placed in the position of judges to judge possible recurrent varieties in the marajoara region. This positive valuation reveals that, although the participants did not perform the heightening of the back vowel in the tonic, they rated it as a prestige variant. The acceptance and prestige given to the variant, a product of a positive attitude, are added to the feeling of solidarity, motivated by emotions, knowledge and positive reactions acquired in the use of its variety or in that of other subjects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atlas prosódico multimédia do município de Cametá (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-12-20) ESPÍRITO SANTO, Ilma Pinto do; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present study refers to the results obtained with the conduction of the AMPER-POR Project in the North of Brazil, with the results obtained to the Portuguese language spoken in Cametá city. The AMPER project has as its main goal to give the acoustic and prosodic characterization of Romanic languages, as well as an online multimedia Atlas (CONTINI et al, 2002; MOUTINHO et al, 2001). We adopted all the methodological procedures determined by the geral coordination of AMPER project. We obtained 6 sonorous signs of 3 hours and 04 minutes of recording. The recorded material took 5 steps of treatment: A) codification of repetitions b) vocalic segmentation of the selected signs in the PRAAT program, c) PRAAT Scrip application d) selection of the three best repetitions e) application of the Matlab interface to obtain the averages of the patterns from the three best repetitions. Therefore, the final corpus of this study is composed by the 198 sentences of each informer (3 men and 3 women) that went through acoustic analysis, in a total of 1.188 sentences. The analysis indicates that, in a general way, the averages of F0, of duration and intensity, complemented themselves to establish the distinction of the affirmative and interrogative enunciations in the variety of the spoken Portuguese in Cametá (PA). It is possible, equally, to affirm that the important variations of the 3 controlled acoustic patterns occur preferably in the tonic syllable of the nuclear element of the phrase and/or in the last tonic syllable of the enunciation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização acústica das vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ do português falado na Cidade de Cametá/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) SOUSA, Josivane do Carmo Campos; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present Doctoral Thesis in Linguistics aims to provide an acoustic description of the middle pretonic vowels / e / and / o / in Portuguese spoken in the urban area of the City of Cametá/PA. As specific objectives, we sought to: a) verify the possible influences of social factors such as gender, age group and education on the variation of the pretonic mean vowels; b) to verify if the phenomenon of vowel harmony favors the process of variation of the target vowels in the variety of Cametá/PA; c) provide the acoustic space of the target vowels under analysis, according to the parameters of F1 (tongue height), F2 (anteriority/posteriority); d) to investigate the role of F0 (fundamental frequency), F3 (roundness of the lips) and Duration in the acoustic characterization of the pretonic middle vowels in the studied variety. For that, the methodological procedures adopted were those established by Cruz (2011) in the acoustic characterization of the pretonic vowel system of Portuguese spoken in the Paraense Amazon: a) standardized corpus - with 45 words selected based on the context of high variability in previous sociolinguistic studies; b) sample stratified socially in sex, age group and education; c) data collection using the text reading protocol aloud (Y); d) segmentation of data in Praat; e) application of the Praat Analyzer Tier script to obtain the acoustic measurements taken from the central part of the target vowels; f) organization of the values of the physical parameters in Excel; g) statistical treatment by means of the R program. The results presented are the treatment of the 789 data from the data collection protocol through the reading of text (Y), contemplating the 18 (eighteen) sound signals referring to the sample. The sociolinguistic analysis showed the predominance of the medium variants, both of the anterior (75%) and the posterior (60%). Then, the low variants: 15% for the former, and 27% for the latter; and finally, the high variants: 10% of the former, and 13% of the latter. As for the social factors analyzed, schooling proved to be the most interfering factor in the variation of the vowels under study, as it was found that the higher the level of education, the greater the likelihood of performing the medium variants, and the lower the probability of high variants, confirming, therefore, that the schooling process in the municipality of Cametá tends to erase dialect marks. The acoustic analysis, in turn, from the joint analysis of F1 and F2, confirms that it is the most compact pretense vocalic system in Cametá and with a greater tendency towards centralization, as attested by Lages (2017) and Verçosa (2018). Vowel harmony was confirmed by tests of significance as a phonological process favoring vowel variation. With regard to F0 and F3, these are confirmed as parameters of identity between the variants, precisely because they present very close frequencies, thus allowing the realization of the same phoneme at the underlying level to be considered. The duration, in turn, was considered more than a distinctive parameter of vowels, since it can also be taken as an identity parameter between the variants of the vowels in a pretonic context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização acústica das vogais médias pretônicas do porguês falado em Barcarena/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-27) SOUZA, Gisele Braga; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
This study aims to acoustically characterize the Portuguese spoken in the Amazon/Pará, focusing unstressed medium vowels of language variety spoken in Barcarena/PA. This research is linked to the Norte Vogais project, part of PROBRAVO, which has as one of its goals acoustically analyze the unstressed vowel system of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) spoken in the state of Pará. Total corpus is formed by 18 (eighteen) speech samples of native informants from Barcarena/PA, socially stratified for sex (male and female), age group (15-25 years, 26-45 years and above 45 years) and level of education (elementary, middle, and upper). In the whole, 818 occurrences were analyzed, being 411 front vowels and 407 back vowels. Data were obtained from the reading of a text about football, whereby the selected informants produced 53 words containing the vowels in pretonic position. In data processing, measures of F1 and F2 (Hz) of the target vowels were taken. Thus, we present preliminary aspects of the behavior of middle unstressed vowels in the language variety spoken in Barcarena/PA. It was found, from the analysis undertaken, that speakers of the studied range give preference to the maintenance of middle vowels, similar to that found in variationists researches made by the members of Norte Vogais project. In addition, it was found that, in case of front vowels, the high variant occupies almost the same acoustic space occupied by the medium closed and the two variant maintains a large distance from the medium open in the female speech. In the case of the back vowels, they occupy very different acoustic spaces in female speech. In contrast, in the male speech, the variants of front vowels occupy very different acoustic spaces and the high variant and the closed of front vowels are very similar and significantly distant from the medium open variant. A tendency to centralization of vowels was also observed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O comportamento da regra de alteamento das vogais médias pré-tônicas no português falado pelos migrantes maranhenses e seus descendentes no município de Tucuruí: uma análise variacionista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-18) BORGES, Benedita do Socorro Pinto; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The objective of this phonetic-phonological research is to describe the raising process of the mid pretonic vowels /e/ and /o/ in the Portuguese spoken by the inhabitants of Tucurui, a town in Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, who are originally from Maranhão, a northeastern Brazilian state, and their descendants. The quantitative sociolinguistics (LABOV, 1972) whow was employed to study the dialectal variations within the speech community where the research was carried out. Bortoni-Ricardo’s (1985) procedures to study reference groups were used to compose the sample. Samples of speech of 36 participants in the research were divided into two groups (anchorage and control) and classified by age and sex for analysis. PRAAT Program and the GOLDVARB X Program were used to segment and analyze the 1.720 occurrences of the target variables. The results indicate that the rule of vowel raising of the studied variable does not apply (32.1% for /e/ and 17.7% for /o/). Five groups of factors were selected for the study of /e/ and seven for the study of /o/. According to the results, the raising of mid pretonic vowels is favored due to the presence of: a high vowel (.62 for /e/ and .88 for /o/); a nasalized tonic vowel (.71 for /e/ and /o/), a nasalized pretonic vowel (.68 for /e / and .86 for o/).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições para o atlas do Projeto AMPER-Norte: variedade linguística do município de Santarém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-18) LIMA, Leydiane Sousa; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
This Dissertation aims to contribute to the Prosodic Atlas of northern Brazil with characterization of dialectal variation of the Portuguese spoken in the municipality of Santarem (PA). This is a study linked to Project Atlas Multimedia Prosodic the Portuguese Northern Brazil (AMPER-POR) that is directly linked to the European research project Atlas Multimedia Prosodique de l'Espace Roman (AMPER). For the constitution of the corpus was field research conducted in the municipality of Santarem (PA) that is part of the area of operation of the main project, which investigates the dialect of Para provincial Amazon. All methodological procedures used in this study followed the guidelines established by the AMPER team for the conduct of training corpora for multimedia prosodic Atlas of the Romance languages. For this work has created an expanded corpus composed of 416 phrases SVC type (subject + verb + complement) with its expansions in Syntagma Adjectival and prepositional phrase. The sentences were structured obeying the same phonetic and syntactic constraints of AMPER-BY project. The results showed that the acoustic parameter F0 presented relevant distinction, the pincer movement that occurs in the stressed syllable of accentual oxytone guidelines, paroxytone and only a few cases of proparoxytone. In the Length parameter, it was observed that the values were higher in all statements of both sexes in the stressed syllable of the last element of the sentence. In intensity, it was found that the male speaks of measures are higher than those of women, in general, the interrogative are always longer than the affirmative, only two cases showed that this reversal of values in this parameter. Thus, the intensity is was not characterized as a complementary acoustic parameter F0 and ms. Therefore, it is shown that the acoustic parameters of F0, ms are determining factors of distinction in phrasal modalities, affirmative and interrogative total this research, related to the spoken variety of Santarem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições para o Atlas Prosódico Multimídia do Português do Norte do Brasil – AMPER-POR: variedade linguística do município de Abaetetuba (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-28) REMÉDIOS, Isabel Cristina Rocha dos; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The main goal of this Master Dissertation is to characterize the dialect prosodic variation of Brazilian Portuguese spoken in an Amazonian city, Abaetetuba. The methodology follows the AMPER project’s guidelines. The recordings have obtained at the fieldwork. The corpus consist of 102 sentences, SVC (Subject + Verb + Complement) and their expansions (Adjectival and Prepositional phrases) structured with the same phonetic and syntactic restrictions. As each sentence was repeating six times by each one of the 4 speakers, so the total corpus is compound by 612 phrases for each speaker. The pitch range was between 50 Hz and 250 Hz for males and 110 Hz to 370 Hz for females. Three controlled acoustic parameters are used: a) the fundamental frequency (F0), b) the duration (ms) and, c) the intensity (dB). The data analysis was taking through seven stages of treatment: 1) codification of repetitions, 2) isolation of sentences in individual audio files; 3) phonetic segmentation in software PRAAT; 4) application of PRAAT script; 5) selecting the three best utterances; 6) application of MATLAB interface; 7) It is used the EXCEL program to generate graphs used in the data analysis. The results show that “three major variations of acoustical parameters preferentially occur at the core element of the stressed syllable of the phrase and/ or last syllable of the utterance” (CRUZ & BRITO, 2011).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da promoção da cartografia das línguas indígenas na universidade á construção de diretrizes para uma política linguística institucional multilíngue
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-22) LEITE, Marília Fernanda Pereira; CRAVO, Marilucia de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9728768970430501; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo perceptual da prosódia como elemento delimitador da estrutura de narrativas orais espontâneas: a diferença de tom
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-13) PEREIRA, Júlia Izabel Lopes; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The subject matter of this research is the perceptual study of prosody as a segmentation factor of spontaneous oral narratives and aims to confirm, or not, if the prosody helps the nonprofessional listener to recognize the structure of narrative texts. This study investigates whether the difference in intonation is an important prosodic element. This dissertation has a four-narrative corpus, the same corpus analyzed by Oliveira Jr. (2000), author of the project that inspired this research. To find out if the participants are able to understand the narrative structure under the perceptual point of view, we conducted a perception test with 112 volunteers, personally or electronically recruited at UFPA – Universidade Federal do Pará – and at UFAL – Universidade Federal de Alagoas. It was up to the participants to indicate the points of the narrative in which the speaker intended to finish a communication unit of the narrative. The interpretation of each communicative unit was subjective. Each story was presented in four different conditions, namely: (i) transcription without punctuation marks nor paragraphing, (ii) transcription accompanied by audio narration, (iii) audio narration alone and (iv) filtered audio narrative, resulting in an unintelligible speech, but keeping the prosodic structure of the discourse. In the first two conditions, the participants divided the transcribed text using crossbars (/). In the other two conditions, a computer program called ELAN was responsible for the segmentations. The data obtained were interpreted through conference tables, graphs, statistical analysis (Chi-Squared test) and acoustic analysis (operated by the PRAAT Program). The results indicate that prosody plays a fundamental role, helping nonprofessional listeners to comprehend the basic structure of a narrative discourse. Regarding the relevance of the differences in intonation, we may say that the Chi- Squared test found evidences that this segmentation factor works as suprasegmental element that assisted the participants in the comprehension of the narrative discourse structure. Thus, in this context, we are able ratify the vital role of prosody in the recognition of the structure of oral spontaneous narratives, as well as identify the relevance of the intonation in the participants perceptions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ideofones: um estudo no falar paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-25) MELO, Helane de Fátima Fernandes; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The study undertaken here on the sonorous symbolism in the Brazilian Portuguese was a challenge. Mainly, for the sparing references about the subject in the Portuguese language. Such process not yet was studied, with particular inclination in the Brazilian Portuguese, but, between few, some existing studies can be found in other languages, as: bengali (DIMOCK, 1957), Bini (WESCOTT, 1973), koreano (LEE, 1992), in the variety of the English spoken in Singapura (LIM, 1998) and Japanese (TAKEMOTO 1998). The current study is considered to verify it the presence of idiophones in the Brazilian Portuguese, from data of Paraense speech. However, if it makes necessary an ample and integrated study that contemplates a description of the process in the speech of all the Brazilian regions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigando desvozeamento vocálico no português brasileiro (PB) : análise acústica e perceptual das vogais altas pretônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-26) FAGUNDES, Giselda da Rocha; MEIRELES, Alexsandro Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9913871449747690; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
According to Gordon (1998), devoicing occurs in practically all the languages of the world he studied, including Brazilian Portuguese, being the high vowels more susceptible to the occurrence of the phenomenon that Gordon also associates with the deaf surrounding environment and atonicity. According to Meneses (2012, 2016), devoicing is related to the reduction in the magnitude of the vowel gesture, caused by the short articulation time, allowing the consonant gestures to overlap with the vowel gestures. Therefore, this PhD thesis investigates the phenomenon of the devoicing of the pretonic high vowels in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), both acoustically and perceptually, through the application of Gestural Phonology theory, taking into account the phonetic contexts that most favor this phenomenon. For acoustic analysis a total of 1,440 vehicle phrases were collected. For perception, 8,208 data were collected regarding identification and gradation, which, among other conclusions, converge with the results of Meneses (2012, 2016) and Hasegawa (1999), that is, that the devoiced vowels occur without prejudice to the perception of these vowels, which, like the devoicing, varies from individual to individual; and Gordon (1998), because the articulatory and aerodynamic factors that induce devoicing conflict with the perceptive factors, which advocate against devoicing, since, perceptually, there is no clear distinction between voiced and voiceless vowel, but a gradient between the extremes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Levantamento, análise e descrição de elementos paralinguísticos do português espontâneo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-20) BULHÕES, Jailma do Socorro Uchôa; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
Natural speech contains paralinguistic aspects that do not belong to the arbitrary conventional code of language, but which nevertheless are meaningful and important in speech communication. These aspects are non-lexical utterances that function as full speech acts in the intersubjective communicative interaction. In respect these non-verbal details, Campbell (2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2004), Maekawa (2004), Fujie et al. (2004), Hoult (2004), Key (1958) apud Steimberg (1988) argue they contribute to expressive speech. In accord to these authors, it‟s the paralanguage phenomenon that signalizes information about speaker‟s attitude, opinions and emotions. In this way, we investigate, in this work, the common paralinguistic utterances in informal conversation in order to demonstrate its expressive function in speech signal. We identified 450 paralinguistic utterances in samples of natural speech of the Paraense Regional Portuguese and submitted them to a phonetic analysis. The analysis showed us that fundamental frequency and duration have strong effects in conveying paralinguistic phenomena in speech. Besides, we also identified another common property of the paralinguistic tokens: the syllabification. After analysis process, we described the usage and function of these non-lexical utterances and its contribution to the expressive speech. The results indicate that paralinguistic tokens signalize recognition, comprehension and attention, manage interpersonal relations and express emotion, attitude, and affect.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Marcação da terceira pessoa do plural do pretérito perfeito do indicativo em verbos regulares na fala de paraenses residentes em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-09-05) OLIVEIRA, Elienai Ferreira de; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
Este trabalho de pesquisa lingüística visa a analisar as realizações do sufixo flexional das formas verbais na terceira pessoa do plural do pretérito perfeito do modo indicativo na fala de paraenses residentes em Belém, sob a perspectiva da Sociolingüística Variacionista. Partindo do pressuposto de que a variação é motivada por fatores internos e externos à língua, acrescido ao fato de que a variação é passível de sistematização e análise, com o intuito de sistematizar a variação do fenômeno em estudo, foram arroladas 16 (dezesseis ) variáveis, sendo 13 (treze lingüísticas) e 3 (três) não lingüísticas. Os dados coletados da fala espontânea de moradores da cidade de Belém foram submetidos ao processo computacional Varbrul. Os resultados obtidos das análises estatísticas nos permitem observar a influência desse grupo de fatores na realização das variantes da variável dependente em estudo. Na análise, concernente à variável Conjugação Verbal, os dados indicaram a opção dos falantes pela forma padrão da língua portuguesa, exceto se o vocábulo seguinte à forma verbal for tônico. Notou-se também, a grande influência para a ocorrência obediente à norma culta , o contexto fonológico seguinte à forma verbal, acrescido da fato de que se a forma verbal analisada for precedida de verbo com ditongo nasal com sufixo flexional, haverá maior ocorrência da variável dependente. Analisando os fatores e considerando as variáveis sexo e faixa etária, analisadas separadamente, os resultados apontaram que mulheres e falantes com faixa etária de 15 a 25 anos mostramse obedientes à forma padrão na conjugação de verbos na terceira pessoa do pretérito perfeito do modo indicativo. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluímos que as variantes da variável dependente analisada neste trabalho seguem regras que obedecem a uma sistematicidade e logicidade , fato este que torna possível sua sistematização e análise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Movimentos oculares e prosódia de leitura oral: análise dos marcadores prosódicos gráficos na leitura de alunos do 5 º ano do Ensino Fundamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-25) VANSILER, Nair Daiane de Souza Sauaia; KLEIN, Angela Inês; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8845056127169633; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7938; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The present Doctoral Thesis investigates the processing of Prosodic Graphic Markers - MPGs (PACHECO, 2003) in read-aloud. It aims to examine the processing of oral reading in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) taking into account the MPGs: Comma (VG), Period (PT) and Colon (DP) according to the BP intonational system defined by Cagliari (1981), which presents tonal patterns delimited by a Tonal Group (GT) consisting of a Salient Tonic Syllable (TT), Tonic Component (CT) and Pretonic Component (CPT). The methodology used combines acoustic and cognitive analysis. For the acoustic analysis, we recorded the oral production during reading of 58 5th grade students from the municipal school in Ponta Grossa (PR), all with ages between 9 and 12 years old, classified around the Reading Fluency variable, with a total of 29 students in the Fluent Group (FL) and 32 in the Low Fluency Group (FP). In all, 928 data were analyzed (58 students x 16 target sentences). Variables were controlled for taking the measures of intonational contours: Intensity (in dB) and Fundamental Frequency (f0) (in Hz) of CPT and CT, Duration (in ms) of TT and Pause (in ms). For the cognitive analysis, we employed the Eye Tracker Technique to take measurements of the eye movements of the 58 participants. The eye variables controlled were: Total Reading Time (TTL), Number of Fixations (NF), Number of Saccades (NS), and Mean Fixation Time (MTF). For the relationship between ocular and acoustic data, we applied tests combining the statistical variables and the stimuli: Test 1 (the number of fixations and duration of the internal pause), Test 2 (the number of revisits and duration of the internal pause), Test 3 (the number of fixations and duration of the final pause), and Test 4 (the number of revisits and duration of the final pause). The data was composed of three stimuli, corresponding to the reading of three different types of texts: Text 1, complex with the markers DP (2 target sentences), VG (3 target sentences) and PT (3 target sentences), Text 2, simple with the markers VG (3 target sentences) and PT (1 target sentence) and Text 3, simple without punctuation, containing 4 target sentences: i) 3 target sentences with VG value and ii) 1 target sentence with PT value. Data processing comprised the following steps: i) eye data extraction in BeGaze software; ii) segmentation of audio signals in Praat software; iii) extraction of the means of the physical parameters of the segments; iv) tabulation of the acoustic and eye relationship data; v) application of quantitative tests. In the prosodic analysis, the participants present in all the markers evaluated, inconsistency regarding the reduction or maintenance of CT and CPT in f0 and Intensity and no elongation of TT. The comparison of the averages of the eye variables between the FP and FL groups proves that the more complex the text, the greater the difference between the fluency groups. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that there is a significant correlation between the variables internal pause and fixations in test 1 (in texts 1 and 2) and internal pause and revisits in test 2 (in texts 2 and 3), which characterizes difficulty in reading processing due to internal pauses, revisits and fixations within the sentence; and between the variables End Pause and Fixations in test 3 (in text 1) and end pause and revisits in test 4 (in text 2), which means that when the duration of the amount of fixations and revisits increases, there is an increase in the duration of the end pause, which may prove the dwell-time effect (HIROTANI; FRAZIER; RAYNER, 2006; RAYNER, 1998), in which readers remain at the end of a clause until the resolution of the present clause. Overall, the data showed that there is a strong correlation between fixation, revisit, and pause duration in the processing of punctuation marks during spoken reading.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrão geoprosódico do português falado na Amazônia Oriental: análise comparativa de Belém, Macapá e São Luís
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-19) LEMOS, Rosinele Lemos e; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
The main objective of this thesis is to carry out a geoprosodic mapping of three inquiry points of Brazilian Portuguese (PB) spoken in the Eastern Amazon: Belém (PA), Macapá (AP) and São Luís (MA), using modal intonation as the object of analysis. It is a study based on the assumptions of Sociophonetics (THOMAS, 2011) for understanding a speech acoustic analysis that considers the performance of social factors such as sex and schooling in describing the phenomenon analyzed. The interdialetal comparison of the three capitals comprises an acoustic analysis of the physical parameters of fundamental frequency (in st), duration (in Z-score) and intensity (in Z-score), observed in neutral declarative and interrogative sentences. For data collection, the methodology established by the AMPER project was used. The treatment of the data consisted of several stages, two of which are in line with the AMPER methodology: a) data coding; b) isolation of audios in individual files. The other steps were carried out with the support of scripts created by Albert Rilliard (LIMSI-CNRS), used in the automatic segmentation of the data, namely: c) script lance_batch_easyalign_v3.praat to obtain the textgrid of the .wav files; d) script of correction_segmentation.praat for phonetic segmentation in the praat program 6.0.39, e) script AMPER_Textgrid2Txt_V3_boucle_DepoisEasyAlign_v2.praat that generated the files with the acoustic parameters; f) normalization of acoustic parameters. With the treated data, the acoustic measurements of the parameters of fundamental frequency (f0), duration and intensity were obtained, which were organized in an Excel spreadsheet for later statistical treatment and graphing in software R. In order to validate the acoustic analyzes, twonon-parametric statistical tests were applied (Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon) and the Post hoc test. For this research, speech samples were collected from eighteen speakers, stratified by sex, education (elementary, high school and university) and place. The total corpus consisted of 33 neutral declarative sentences and 33 total interrogatives, and the words used to compose the sentences contemplated the three accentuated staves of the Portuguese (stress on the last middle and first syllable and the extension of the sentences contains 10, 13 or 14 vowels, with sentences repeated six times by each speaker. In total there were 3.564 data analyzed (33 sentences x 2 categories x 3 best repetitions x 6 announcers x 3 places). This demonstrates that there are significant differences both for the place factor and for the social factors (sex and education of the speakers). The confronted capitals registered a similar prosodic pattern with respect to the variations of f0 in the acoustic characterization of the neutral declarative and total interrogative sentences. The results showed that the paraense, macapaense and ludovicense capitals followed the intonation pattern described for PB, with an elevation of the intonation peak in the pretonic and a drop of f0 in the stressed syllable in the neutral declarative modality (SILVESTRE, 2012). The total interrogatives showed lower f0 values in the pretonic ones with an increase in the final tonic, followed by a drop in the postonic ones when they existed, the circumflex pattern described by Moraes (1993) for PB. Regarding the intonational contour, the three capitals of the Eastern Amazon presented a similar f0 contour in the final noun phrase (SNF). On the other hand, there was a difference in the height of f0, since Macapá presented higher contours of f0 in the final stressed syllables, in the three accent staves, for the two phrasal modalities; while São Luís and Belém registered height of f0 approximate averages. The results of the acoustic analysis of the schooling factor showed that Macapá presented a greater variation of f0 in the three levels of education, in the three accentual guidelines of Portuguese for the two phrasal modalities. The duration parameter confirmed higher values in the tonic, with a similar production time in the two phrasal modalities, in the three mapped capitals, which is not a peculiarity of the modal intonation, but which is linked to the lexical accent. Variations in the intensity parameter are related to modal intonation. Therefore, the prosodic pattern of the target places found in this study behaves similarly to PB, since there was no difference in terms of modal intonation between the pattern verified in PB and the Portuguese spoken in the three capitals of the Eastern Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A produção textual escrita de alunos de 1ª série do ensino fundamental: sob a influência dos métodos de alfabetização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-09-04) PRADO, Jalma Geise Maria Brabo do; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577
On the basis of studies that take as central axle the alphabetization and the literacy, this thesis understands an inquiry concerning the influence of the literacy methods, more specifically of the Syllable Method and the proposal of Literacy with Linguistics Base Approach, in the textual production written of first grade of elementary level students, that were literate by Syllable Method or Linguistic Base Approach. To achieve it, this study started the hypothesis that orality/written relation established by the students in its productions and the use of a restricted number of cohesive elements that establish the relations of meaning between the utterances that compose the text are, in part, responsibility of the methods and/or proposals of literacy adopted. The dialogue established with authors who gives visibility to the practical one of to support literacy process; the studies on: literacy, psychogenesis of the written language and the production of scholar texts had helped respectively in the conduction of this work, that beyond the bibliographical research if was valid the field work carried through in two elementary schools: the N.S.A that pertaining to the Municipal Net of Education of Ananindeua and L.C that pertaining to the Private Net of Education of Belém. During this research, had been observed the development of the work of four teachers with literacy groups and of the textual production of twelve students of two groups of first grade of school N.S.A; and also had been applied two questionnaires to seven teachers of literacy and first grade groups of the two cited schools. The aforesaid research became possible to perceive that the literacy already starts to be seen as a process that it not only aims at to the domain of the technology of the reading and the writing, but also to the social uses of these technologies; it shows also that the students literate by Linguistics Base Approach use a bigger number of cohesive elements in its productions that the students literate by the Syllable Method and that the relation between speech and the writing established in the writing of words is much more strong in the written textual productions of the students literate by the Linguistics Base Approach.

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Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras - PPGL/ILC por Orientadores "CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes"