Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2603

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) surgiu em 1976 como uma necessidade de desmembramento do então já em pleno desenvolvimento Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas (CPGG), instalado ainda em 1973 nesta mesma Universidade. Foi o primeiro programa stricto sensu de Pós-Graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Geociências em toda Amazônia Legal. Ao longo de sua existência, o PPGG tem pautado sua atuação na formação na qualificação de profissionais nos níveis de Mestrado e Doutorado, a base para formação de pesquisadores e profissionais de alto nível. Neste seu curto período de existência promoveu a formação de 499 mestres e 124 doutores, no total de 623 dissertações e teses.

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 29

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acúmulo e exportação de carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo e metais em canais de maré dos manguezais de Marapanim, Costa Norte Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) MATOS, Christiene Rafaela Lucas de; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
In this study, we assessed the potential of intertidal mudflat sediments along mangrove forest to accumulate and export carbon, nutrients (N and P) and metals (Fe and Mn), in addition to examine the influence of the Amazonian seasonal rainfall patterns on the physicochemical conditions, diagenetic processes and exchange of nutrients and metals along the sediment-water interface (SWI) in intertidal mudflats fringed by pristine mangroves. The study was carried out in the Marapanim River estuarine system (northern Brazil), which is fringed by extensive areas of well-developed mangroves, part of the largest continuous and best preserved mangrove forest in the world, located approximately 200 km from west of the mouth of the Amazon River. The results of this work are presented in two articles. The first deals with the potential of stocks and accumulation of COT, NT and PT in intertidal mudflat sediments, in addition we investigate the potential sources of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The second assesses the influence of seasonal rainfall pattern on physicochemical properties, the diagenetic processes and the diffusive fluxes of nutrients at the SWI in the Marapanim mangrove creeks. During wet season the salinity values decreased as a consequence of the increase in rainfall, with a dilution-mixing zone in the top sediment (<15 cm). In the dilution-mixing zone, Fe (III) and Mn (IV) reduction are the dominant anaerobic respiratory processes in the sediments. The redox zonation of sediments oscillated in response to the rainfall patterns, with the highest concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in deeper sediment layers during the dry season. Under suboxic conditions, the mudflat sediments act as a source of Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3- to the water column, and these fluxes were driven by rainfall. The results indicated that mangrove-fringed mudflats are quite effective in retaining carbon, nutrients and iron in sediment solid phases than exporting to the coastal waters, while can potentially be a significant contributor to the oceanic Mn cycle. The potential of these mangrove creeks to accumulate these elements is directly related to grain size, sources and susceptibility of OM degradation. In addition, temporal variability in pyrite formation revealed that the solid phase retention mechanisms are also susceptible to seasonal effects, with lower concentrations of chromium-reducible sulfur (CRS, mainly pyrite fraction) during the dry season. Therefore, we show that these seasonal variabilities implied substantial changes of physicochemical properties and the diagenetic processes, affecting the release of metals and nutrients from the SWI and their accumulation in the sediment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espaço-temporal dos manguezais degradados de Bragança, com base em imagens de satélite e modelos de elevação digital
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-22) MOLANO CÁRDENAS, Sergio Mauricio; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The Bragança Peninsula occurs at the northern littoral of Brazil, in the state of Pará. It is characterized by the largest continuous mangrove belt in the world. The construction of the PA- 458 road in the ‘70s changed the hydrodynamics of the peninsula, causing the degradation of a considerable portion of the mangroves in the central region of the peninsula. Recently, degraded areas are being colonized by mangrove trees, mainly by the Avicennia germinans specie. This study intends to identify changes in the degraded areas of the tidal flats in topographically higher sectors during the last 35 years. To reach that objective, we used the following techniques: a) manual mapping of the degraded areas with mid spatial resolution satellite imagery; b) object-based classification of the degraded areas and mangrove species, using high spatial resolution satellite imagery; c) photogrammetry of drone imagery; d) digital elevation models; and e) topographic validation with theodolite and GNSS GPS “Antenna Catalyst”. From 1986 to 2019, there was a reduction in the degraded areas of 247.96 ha according to the mid-resolution “dataset” quantification. However, high-resolution data showed a reduction in the degraded areas of 211.65 ha between 2003 and 2019. The degraded areas quantification presents fluctuations in the regeneration trend; it is related to significant climatic phenomena such as “El Niño” and “La Niña”, accompanied by periods of drought and high rainfall, respectively. Overall accuracy and Kappa index values for the high-resolution data generally exhibited values above 0.9. Producers’ and users’ accuracy and Kappa per class values showed the difficulties separating mangrove species due to the lack of radiometric resolution of the analyzed images. The digital terrain model representing the tidal flat showed two topographically differentiated regions in the degraded areas, separated by the PA-458 road, which are mainly influenced by the Caeté’s and Taperaçú’s characteristics. This same difference was found in the vegetation height model, where the largest trees are located toward the SE side of the road, reaching 25 m, while at the NW side of the road, the tree heights oscillated mainly between 5 and 15 m. The sea-level rise specifically controls regeneration rates. This relocated the intertidal zone to topographically higher areas, increasing tidal flushing processes, essential for the mangrove forests development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem para avaliação da vulnerabilidade à perda de solo das margens da Baía de Marajó, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-30) GUIMARÃES, Ulisses Silva; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Marajó Bay is part of the Coastal Zone in the Amazon estuary, and it constitutes a form of "V" with intensive processes of erosion and progradation. The bay shores are the object of this study, from the west coast, represented by the west coast by Salvaterra and Soure municipalities, to the east coast of Mosqueiro Island. The purpose is to analyze the coastal environments adjacent to the Marajó Bay, with a systemic and integrated approach using thematic databases (geology, geomorphology, pedology, climatology and Use and Land Cover) and remote sensing images (Landsat TM 5 and MDE SRTM) to prepare maps syntheses of landscape units and vulnerability to loss of soil as a subsidy to coastal management. The main steps of this methodology are: i) atmospheric correction by dark-object subtraction, geometric correction by orthorectification, with supervised classification algorithm Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) through training samples to map the Use and Land Cover; ii) compilation, adaptation and classification to improve data of morphology; iii) development of derivatives geomorphometric; and, iv) integration of the thematic basis for map algebra, with an overlap equation for synthesis of the landscape units maps and another equation for the preparation of the arithmetic average map of vulnerability to loss of soil. The Marajo Bay shores have mostly the unit of Fields with 17.61% of the study area (50,483.16 ha), maximum altimetry of 58 m, the topography is flat and smooth, the relief were overwhelmingly straight and planar. The integrated data indicate that the pedogenetic processes prevail in only 3.58% (10,231.38 ha) of the study area. The areas in balance between morphogenic and pedogenetic processes correspond to 3.75% (10,737.63 ha), while morphogenesis is prevalent in 42.40% (121,317.39 ha). The superiority of morphogenic units shows the hazard of coastal environments per surface mechanisms, how substrate desegregation and erosion by processes of runoff and mass displacement.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O aumento do nível do mar pós-glacial afetou a dinâmica das florestas de várzea da Amazônia durante os últimos 5000 anos?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-10) ARAUJO, Mayra Nina; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Four sediment cores, between three and ten meters depth, were sampled from fluvial plains and abandoned channels along the Rio Branco-Roraima. The stratigraphic analyses were based on grain size, structures and pollen content. In addition, the age of events were determined by seven radiocarbon dating. The data show cycles of channel abandonment, resulting in formation of lakes and, latter, its reactivation. The lake phases permitted the accumulation of mud sediments in different time intervals, suitable for pollen preservation. Pollen analyze indicated a combination of at least seventy taxa, the most representative are: Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Combretaceae, Sapindaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Aizoaceae and Apiaceae. They characterize arboreal and herbaceous vegetation, similar to modern vegetation of the study, since the middle Holocene. Considering the dry period occurred in the Amazon region during the early and middle Holocene, followed by a wet period in the late Holocene, the data presented in this work do not suggest significant changes in vegetation as a consequence of that climatic changes. Therefore, climatic and hydrologic conditions have favored the stability of vegetation in the study site for at least the last 5500 years. Three hypotheses are presented to justify this stability: 1) the early and middle Holocene dry period did not affect vegetation pattern; 2) a dry climatic phase was never present; or 3) the stabilization of the relative sea level about 6000 cal yr BP along the northern Brazilian littoral may have influenced the water table, and favored the establishment and maintenance of Amazonian lowland forest during the mid and late Holocene. In addition, this process may have attenuated the impact of that dry period in areas under most fluvial influence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento da vegetação e morfologia da foz do Amazonas-PA e rio Doce-ES durante o Quaternário tardio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-05) FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; PESSENDA, Luiz Carlos Ruiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0425441943533975; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
This work compares the vegetation and morphological changes occurred along the littoral of the Marajó Island, Amazonian littoral, and the coastal plain of the Rio Doce, southeastern Brazil, during the Holocene and late Pleistocene/Holocene, respectively, focused specifically on the response of mangroves to sea-level fluctuations and climate change, which have been identified in several studies along the Brazilian coast. This integrated approach combined radiocarbon dating, description of sedimentary features, pollen data, and organic geochemical indicators (δ13C, δ1₵N and C/N). On coastal plain of the Doce River between ~47,500 and ~29,400 cal yr BP, a deltaic system was developed in response mainly to sea-level fall. The post-glacial sea-level rise caused a marine incursion with invasion of embayed coast and broad valleys, and it favored the evolution of a lagoonal/estuary system with wide tidal mud flats occupied by mangroves between at least ~7400 and ~5100 cal yr BP. Considering the Marajó Island during the early and middle Holocene (~7500 and ~3200 cal yr BP) mangrove area increased over tidal mud flats with accumulation of estuarine/marine organic matter. It was a consequence of the marine incursion caused by post-glacial sea-level rise, further driven by tectonic subsidence. Dry conditions in the Amazon region during this time led to a rise is tidal water salinity and contributed to mangrove expansion. Therefore the effect of relative sea-level (RSL) rise was determinant to the mangrove establishment in the southeastern and northern region. During the late Holocene (~3050 – 1880 cal yr BP) the mangroves in both regions were retracted to a small area, with some areas replaced by freshwater vegetation. This was caused by the increase in river discharge associated to a wet period recorded in the Amazon region, and considering the coastal plain of the Doce River (southeastern Brazil), the mangroves shrank in response to an increase in fluvial sediment input associated to a sea-level fall.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da vegetação da região de Humaitá - AM durante o Pleistoceno tardio e o Holoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-30) FRIAES, Yuri Souza; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Vegetation dynamics of Western Amazonia during the past 42000 cal yr BP was studied by pollen, sedimentary facies, 14C dating δ13C and C/N. Two sediment cores were sampled from Humaitá in southern Amazonas state, and Porto Velho, northern Rondônia. These sites, located in western Brazilian Amazonia, are covered by grassland and tropical rainforest vegetation, respectively. The sedimentary deposits are predominantly composed of massive sand, heterolithic mud/sand, and laminated or massive mud representative of sediment accumulation in floodplain, active channel, abandoned channel, and oxbow lake sedimentary environments. In these settings, reducing and low energy subaqueous conditions were developed, locally favoring preservation of a pollen community of herbaceous vegetation and glacial forest represented mainly by Alnus, Drymis, Hedyosmum, Podocarpus, and Weinmannia trees at least between > 42,033 – 43,168 cal yr BP and <34,804 – 35,584 cal yr BP. The herbaceous and arboreal vegetation ecotone persisted from the early to mid-Holocene, whilst the cold pollen assemblage became extinct. In this work, we record a significant plant population, at present restricted to Andean areas located at altitudes higher than 2000 - 3000 m, in areas of the Amazonia lowland toward the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum. This suggests that this time interval might have seen temperatures lower than previously proposed for this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica das florestas alagadas durante o holoceno no litoral de Calçoene, Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-02-25) GUIMARÃES, José Tasso Felix; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The integration of palynological and spectrophometric data with radiocarbon dating of sediment cores has allowed to propose developing model and vegetation dynamic according to climatic and relative sea-level changes during the Late Holocene in the Calçoene Coastal Plain- Amapá. Thus, this work suggests three periods characterized by marine influence between 2000- 800, 500-300, e 80 years BP - modern, as well as, two fluvial periods between 800-500 years BP and 300-80 years BP. The analysis of current patterns of geobotanical units distribution and palaeovegetation indicate a mangrove (311 Km 2 ) and várzea forest (684 Km 2 ) migration on inundated field (1.021 Km 2 ) positioned in elevated topographically areas of this coastal plain, which may be related to a local relative sea-level rise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica dos manguezais do litoral de Natal-RN de acordo com as mudanças no clima e nível do mar desde o Holoceno médio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-05) RIBEIRO, Samuel Rodrigues; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The factors behind the Holocene mangrove dynamics have long been a theme of great interest for research. Among all hypotheses, the establishment, expansion, and contraction of mangrove areas have been mainly attributed to sea level and climate changes. However, other driving forces of limited occurrence in time may be significantly affecting this system. Along the valley of the Ceará Mirim river, near the Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte littoral, northeastern Brazilian the integrate geomorphological, sedimentological, and palynological data with radiocarbon dating, as well as δ13C, δ15N and C/N from sedimentary organic matter from four sediment cores reveal an estuarine influence with mangrove development since 6950 cal yr BP after the post-glacial sea level rise, and it has been stable during the middle and late Holocene. The mangrove expansion along this fluvial valley since the middle Holocene was caused by the sea-level stabilization. The multi-proxies indicate a wetland dynamic was mainly controlled by autogenic factors, relating to tidal channel migrations on the muddy tidal flats formed after the channel abandonment provide suitable conditions for expansion of vegetation surrounding, instead of allogenic process, associated to sea level and/or climate change. Probably, some influence of sea-level and climate changes on mangrove dynamics along in this valley of the Ceará Mirim river have been weakened by the intense tidal channels activities since middle Holoceno.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os efeitos da subida do nível do mar sobre os manguezais do litoral sul da Bahia durante o Holoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-25) FONTES, Neuza Araújo; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
This work integrates the palinological, sedimentological and geomorphological data with radiocarbon dating, as well as δ13C and C/N from the sedimentary organic matter to identify the impact of changes in sea level and climate during the Holocene in Jucuruçu River’s mangroves, near the city of Prado, South Bahia. A sediment core with 4.5 m depth was sampled from a fluvial valley, 23 km away from the modern coastline. The base of sediment core presents age of 7450 cal yrs BP. The data reveal two important phases characterized by 1) an estuarine system with tidal flats colonized by mangroves. Its sedimentary organic matter is mainly sourced from estuarine algae during the early and middle Holocene; and 2) in the second phase, the mangroves shrank and herbaceous vegetation expanded. The δ13C and C/N values show an increase in contribution of terrestrial C3 plants. These phases identified in this study are in agreement with the relative sea-level (RSL) rise during the early and middle Holocene, and its subsequent fall during the late Holocene. In addition, the influence of weather patterns proposed for Holocene may be identified throughout the studied sediment core. Probably, changes in depositional environment and dominant vegetation at the study site were caused by the combined action of changes in RSL and fluvial discharge. According to the model proposed in this work, during the early and middle Holocene occurred a RSL rise that caused a marine incursion along the studied fluvial valley. The dry period occurred during the early and middle Holocene produced a decrease in the fluvial discharge and contributed to this marine transgression. However, during the late Holocene occurred a RSL fall and a wet period. It favored the marine regression and consequently, the mangroves migrated to tidal flats attached to the edge of lagoons near the modern coastline. The geomorphologic and vegetation evolution is in agreement with the mid-Holocene RSL maximum above present RSL and subsequent fall to the present time. Keywords: climate; Holocene; relative sea-level; South of Bahia; vegetation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos das mudanças climáticas nos limites austral e boreal dos manguezais americanos durante o Holoceno e Antropoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-08) RODRIGUES, Érika do Socorro Ferreira; KAM, Biu Liu; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
During the Holocene, mangrove distributions were primarily controlled by climate change and sea level fluctuations. In particular, low winter temperatures in the subtropical coastal areas limited these ecosystems to expand beyond 30°N and 28°S in the North and South Hemisphere. Therefore, under the continuous warming trend during the Anthropocene, mangroves are expected to migrate to more temperate regions previously occupied by saltmarshes (e.g., Spartina sp.). The purpose of this Thesis is evaluate the effects of climate changes and SLR fluctuations on the distribution of American mangroves along the Holocene and Anthropocene, based on satellite and drone images, sedimentary facies, diatoms, pollen, geochemistry (LOI, XRF, TOC , TN, TS, C: N, C: S, δ13C and δ15N) as well 210Pb and 14C datings .To achieve the aforementioned objectives, studies were conducted on the tropical coast of southeastern Brazil - south of the Espírito Santo State (20°41'S), the subtropical coastal regions located on the north (26°6'S) and south (28°29’ S) coast of Santa Catarina, and Louisiana littoral (29° 09' N). The results of this research are presented in four scientific papers. The first one (see, chapter II) deals with the effects of global warming on the establishment of mangroves in the Louisiana littoral (29° 09’ N) during the Holocene. The second scientific paper (see, chapter III) shows southward migration of the austral limit mangroves in South America, according to the increase in minimum winter temperatures in the Anthropocene (southern Santa Catarina coast, 28°29' S). The third manuscript (see, chapter IV) assesses the impacts of sea level rise on tropical mangroves in southeastern Brazil (southern Espírito Santo coast, 20°41'S) during the Holocene and Anthropocene, using a multi-proxy approach. The fourth scientific paper (see, chapter V) addresses the establishment of mangroves in the São Francisco do Sul Bay (north Santa Catarina coast , 26° 6'S), in response to global warming in the last 1000 years. The results indicated a marine transgression off the southern coast of Santa Catarina (28°29’ S) and the Louisiana littoral (29°09’ N) during early Holocene. This natural process converted a lake into lagoons colonized by herbs adapted to an estuarine environment. On the Brazilian tropical coast, the middle Holocene high sea-level stand (2-5 m above the current level) was decisive for the establishment of mangroves. This comportment was observed in an estuary located on the south coast of Espírito Santo (20°41'S) where a herbaceous plain was gradually replaced by a lagoon surrounded by mangroves between ~6300 cal yr BP and ~4650 cal yr BP. However, between ~ 4650 cal yr BP and 2700 cal yr BP the lagoon colonized by mangroves on its margins was converted to a tidal flat occupied by herbs, palms and trees/shrubs reflecting the reduction of estuarine influence in the late Holocene, according to with the fall and/or stabilization of the RSL. From the last thousand years there has been a significant decrease in the occurrence of mangrove pollen in the sediments of the tidal flats of southern Espirito Santo (390 cal yr BP (1560 AD) and 77 cal yr BP (1873 AD), probably caused by a RSL fall associated with Little Ice Age (LIA). Paleoclimatic studies have indicated temperature fluctuations during LIA (380 to 50 cal yr BP) and MCA – Medieval Warm Period (950 to 750 cal yr BP) in the late Holocene and consequent change in the Brazil southern vegetation. These climatic events probably influenced the appearance of the mangrove genera succession in the São Francisco do Sul Bay (north Santa Catarina coast, 26°6' S). The effects of the sea level fall and/or stabilization during late Holocene were recorded on the southern coast of Santa Catarina (Laguna, 28° 29 ′ S) through changes in coastal geomorphology. In this same period at the Louisiana coastline (29°09 ′ N), sandy sediments (overwash sediments) were deposited in these estuaries reflecting the gradual migration of these sediments towards land likely a result of storm events. The position of RSL on the southern Brazilian coast (Laguna, 28° 29 ′ S) and north american (Louisiana coast, 29° 09 ′ N) from the middle Holocene were the same presenting suitable physicochemical conditions for mangrove development, as occurred on the coast of Espírito Santo (~6300 cal yr BP) and São Francisco do Sul Bay (~1500 cal yr BP). However, no mangrove pollen grains were recorded in the sediments of the current austral (Laguna, 28° 29 ′ S) and boreal (Louisiana coast, 29° 09 ′ N) limit of American mangroves during the Holocene. During this time interval, there was a significant contribution of organic matter of estuarine source in tidal flats occupied by Spartina sp. Regarding to global warming and RSL rise during Anthropocene an increase mangrove pollen of Espírito Santo sedimentary cores (20° 40' S) reflected mangrove migration to topographically higher sandy plains previously dominated by herbaceous vegetation. Regarding Laguna mangroves (current southern limit of the American mangroves, 28° 29 ′ S), pollen analyzes, 14C and 210Pb datings indicated that the mangroves were established under estuarine influence between ~1957 and 1986 AD, represented by Laguncularia sp. trees. Spatio-temporal analyzes based on satellite and drone images indicated that mangroves have been expanding in recent decades with the introduction of new mangrove genera. In our study area in São Francisco do Sul Bay (north coast of Santa Catarina, 26°6' S), palynological analyzes and 14C dating revealed that mangroves were established around ~ 1500 cal yr BP represented by Laguncularia sp. followed by Avicennia sp. (~500 cal yr BP) and Rhizophora sp. in the last century. This mangrove succession genera were likely caused by a warming trend in South America during the late Holocene and Rhizophora sp. by warming during the Anthropocene. In relation to the mangroves located on the Louisiana littoral, historical records indicated the presence of small shrubs of Avicennia sp. at the beginning of the 20th century. Currently, remote sensing studies coordinated by Cohen (2021) indicate a latitudinal expansion of Avicennia sp. colonizing areas that were previously occupied by Spartina sp. after two decades of warm winters. Therefore, mangroves migrated from the tropics to temperate zones as winter minimum temperatures increased during the Holocene. The Laguna and Louisiana mangroves (currently South and North American mangroves limit) were only established in the early and mid-21st century, respectively. Such dynamics were likely caused by the natural global warming of the Holocene and intensified during the Anthropocene. This process also caused a RSL rise which resulted in the migration of mangrove from lowlands to new higher tidal flats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os efeitos dos manguezais e das intervenções humanas na dinâmica sedimentar das praias de SalinópoliS, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-07) PÉREZ MARTINEZ, Julián David; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Salinópolis, on the coast of Pará, has become an important tourist hub, expanding its infrastructure along the coastal zone. This area is considered sensitive to sea-level rise. Therefore, identifying the area most vulnerable to coastal erosion is extremely important, especially due to the growth of coastal urban areas, which can interfere with sediment balance, intensifying erosion processes. This master's thesis aims to identify the effects of mangroves and coastal urban expansion on sediment balance along the beaches of Salinópolis. This study was carried out through a spatio-temporal analysis based on satellite (2003 – 2023) and drone data (2019-2024). The data revealed that the urban area expanded (627 ha), while the mangrove area fluctuated, increasing from 3630 ha to 3889 ha between 2003 and 2023. Erosion was identified along the beaches, particularly at Praia do Farol Velho (erosion = 432,625 m³, sedimentation = 217,259 m³). Praia do Atalaia (erosion = 115,415 m³, sedimentation = 462,630 m³) and the Maçarico/Corvina beaches (erosion = 640,389 m³, sedimentation = 801,670 m³) showed a trend of sediment accumulation. Erosion has predominantly occurred in the lower intertidal zone, while sedimentation has occurred in the supratidal zone and the upper intertidal zone. Residences, particularly in Farol Velho, may accentuate this process and Praia do Atalaia, which are currently located in the intertidal and supratidal zones in front of the mangroves. The walls built to protect these residences from waves and current action have also functioned as a barrier to retain sediments at the upper intertidal/supratidal transition. In much of Praia do Farol Velho, without these walls, there has been erosion in the intertidal zone, with a retreat of the coastline by about 100 meters between 2009 and 2023. However, the Maçarico/Corvina beaches have mangroves in front of the urban infrastructure, with sediment accumulation predominantly in the supratidal zone and the upper part of the intertidal zone. Human interventions on these beaches have not impacted the sedimentary dynamics until 2023. This beach provides a good example of how coastal infrastructure projects should be planned, using mangroves as protection against the action of waves and currents. However, the construction of beach access walkways in 2024 altered the hydrodynamic flow of a tidal channel, trapping tidal waters and creating muddy intertidal zones with porewater salinities close to 70 ‰. This process has already killed approximately 7 ha of mangrove. These data provide valuable insights to guide more efficient public and private investments, avoiding construction in high-risk areas or those that harm the mangroves, offering crucial information about coastal erosion and its impacts on urban infrastructure in the beaches of Salinópolis, especially in the face of sea-level rise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estabelecimento e expansão dos manguezais de Laguna-SC: efeito do aquecimento global ou resultado de processos sedimentares?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-19) SOARES, Jaine Freitas; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The integration of pollen, isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, C/N), sedimentary features, 14C and 210Pb dating from four sediment cores (LAG-3, LAG-4,LAG-5 e LAG-6). Sampled from a sandbar at Santo Antônio Lagoon, Laguna City, Santa Catarina, allowed the paleoenviromental reconstruction of the last 900 years BP. The dates reveal two facies associations along these cores: (A) Sandbar, represented by massive sand (facies Sm), and (B) tidal flat, represented by lenticular heterolithic bedding (Hl) and wavy heterolithic bedding (Hw). The deposits of sand bar was accumulated between >940 e ~431 cal years BP, probably under influence of a stable relative sea level (RSL) or rise of RSL during the last 1000 years. The pollen data preserved along the sandbar phase indicate a predominance of trees, shrubs herbs and some palms originating from vegetation units surrounding the lagoon. The relation δ13C (-24‰ - 15‰) and C/N (6-30) of this facies association reveals a strong contribution of organic matter from marine algae and terrestrial plants C3 and C4. During the accumulation of tidal flat deposits, occurred during the last 60 years, there was the establishment mainly of Spartina with some spaced Laguncularias shurbs. The relation δ13C (-24‰ - 16‰) and C/N (7-22) reveals an origin of sedimentary organic matter similar to the period of sandbar deposits. Based on this data and distribution gradient of Spartina and on mangrove’s trees genus along the Santa Catarina coast, is reasonable to propose that the recent colonization of Laguncularia at region of Laguna has been caused by gradual increase in minimum winter temperatures observed during last 50 years. Whether the climatic trend is the main force driving the expansion of Laguncularia trees to southern Brazil, the surface of the sandybars and tidal flats of the lagoon margin of southern Brazil, now largely occupied by Spartina, will be gradually colonized and/or replaced not only by Laguncularia, but also by Avicennia, followed during the next years, by Rhizophora.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo dos índices de reflectância da vegetação de manguezal e várzea-de-maré do litoral paraense através de sensoriamento remoto e técnicas espectrofotométricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-08) SILVA, Jadson Queiroz da; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The present work delimited the main littoral vegetations of the Pará State through the differences in the reflectance levels obtained by Landsat images and in situ by a spectrophotometer. This study indicated that the mangrove leaves present lower values of reflectance than others vegetations, mainly in the visible interval of the electromagnetic spectrum.This may be related to the strong absorption developed by the photosynthesis pigments of the mangrove trees. Among its leaves, the Avicennia presented higher reflectance values than Rhizophora. Besides, the reflectance of mangrove leaves changed between the studied areas, mainly the Rhizophora that in Curuçá presented higher values. This can be associated to the stress conditions found in the Bragança and Mosqueiro, since the environmental changes affects the spectral reflectance of leaves. In the case of the mangrove, adverse salinity conditions may hinder the plants development. The tidal water salinity in Mosqueiro presents low values. This factor allows a wider ecological competition between the mangrove species and others vegetations that together with the sediment type, may produce an increase in the stress to the mangrove. It may justify the low height of the trees, and the relatively high reflectance values. Thus, the relationship between the tree height and spectral values of the Rhizophora and Avicennia indicates an inverse relation. This may be attributed to the development of chlorophyll in the initial periods of vegetation growth that allows a elevated amount of energy reflected in the visible interval until the leaves reach its typical green color with relatively lower reflectance. Based on the reflectance data was possible to elaborate maps with the following vegetation units: mangrove, terra firme vegetation, tidal varzea, transition zones mangrove/varzea and herbaceous field.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo dos manguezais degradados da costa oeste da Flórida durante os últimos 20 anos baseado em imagens de satélite e dados Lidar.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-31) CARDENAS RUIZ, Diana Paola; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The Gulf of Mexico presents one of the longest mangrove belts in southern Florida. This continuous mangrove strip has an approximate area of 2200 km2. Natural stressors such as hurricanes, storms, and other anthropogenic factors such as oil spills or pollution can trigger the dieback of the mangrove on the southwest coast of Florida. The dieback of the mangrove refers to the phenomenon where the mangrove forests experience a loss in the canopy that can lead to the decline or death of the trees. The effects of the dieback occasionally leave a scar of degradation in the mangrove forest. In the last century, with urban development in southwest Florida, the adverse effects of dieback seem to be gaining permanence. The present study identified the possible causes of the permanence of mangrove degradation associated with dieback over the last two decades. To identify these causes, the following methodology was used: a) classification of vegetation cover along the west coast of Florida, b) identification of dieback points in high-resolution satellite images, c) spatiotemporal analysis of dieback areas, and d) digital models of surface elevation and vegetation height. 86 dieback points (PD) were found grouped into 6 regions: Crawl Key, Key West, Marco Island, Pine Island, Charlotte, and Terra Ceia. 75% of the PD appeared between 2004 and 2007, coinciding with hurricane activity. In 2020, the total dieback area in southwest Florida was 119,69 ha. For the periods of 2014-2016 and 2009-2011, the areas of dieback recorded values of 116,47 and 127,89 ha, respectively, evidencing a dynamic of regeneration and degradation. The digital terrain models for Pine Island and Marco Island showed changes in the height of the tidal flat with variations between -2 to 45 cm. These variations may be linked to sedimentation processes, dissolution of carbonates in the tidal flat, or peat collapse associated with the mangrove soil. The mangrove trees reduced their height after the passage of hurricanes, particularly in the PD. Even though the PD showed regeneration, this process was slow, leaving a scar exposed to the tidal flat. This study revealed a direct relationship between hurricanes and the appearance of dieback.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A evolução dos manguezais nos litorais Nordeste e Sul brasileiros durante o Holoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-30) FREIRE, Neuza Araújo Fontes; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
It is possible that climate changes and sea level fluctuations (allogenic processes) are and will cause major changes in mangrove dynamics. However, other driving forces may be significantly affecting this system. Distinguishing allogenic and autogenic influence on mangroves is a challenging question, because mechanisms related to the natural dynamics of depositional environments (autogenic processes) have strong influences on the establishment and degradation of mangroves. Thus, impacts on mangroves caused by autogenic processes may be erroneously attributed to allogenic mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the ‘fingerprint’ of global changes in modern mangrove dynamics. This thesis integrates palynological, geochemical, sedimentological data, 14C dating of sedimentary organic matter, geomorphological and vegetation data in order to evaluate the influence of autogenic and allogeneic processes on Brazilian mangroves during the Holocene. Tropical estuaries from Rio Grande do Norte and southern Bahia, and subtropical estuaries in northern and southern Santa Catarina estates with different climatic, geomorphological and oceanographic characteristics were studied. The Relative Sea-Level (RSL) along the Rio Grande do Norte reached modern level and stabilized at about 7,000 cal yr BP, allowing the mangrove establishment at the edges of the Ceará-Mirim River estuary until the nowadays. However, changes in the spatial distribution of mangroves have occurred since then due to channels dynamics in the region (autogenic processes). Considering the mangroves of the Jucuruçu River in southern Bahia, their horizontal and vertical distribution were controlled by the interactions of the changes in the RSL and fluvial discharge. Therefore, the dynamics of these estuarine mangroves during the Holocene was mainly controlled by changes in sea level and precipitation that affected fluvial discharge. These allogeneic mechanisms were the main drivers of the dynamics of these mangroves. However, during the last 600 years, factors intrinsic to the depositional system gained relevance by controlling the establishment and migration of mangroves by deposition and erosion of muddy tidal flats, abandonment and reactivation of channels (autogenic processes). In the case of Santa Catarina mangroves, the RSL rise up to the middle Holocene was decisive for the establishment of tidal flats appropriate for the expansion of saltmarshes. However, mangroves did not tolerate the Holocene low temperatures in the southern littoral of Santa Catarina. The pollen data indicate the establishment of mangroves with Laguncularia around 1,700 cal yr BP, followed by Avicennia and lastly Rhizophora trees, a cold less tolerant genus, around 650 cal yr BP in São Francisco do Sul, north of Santa Catarina. The mangroves of Laguna, south of Santa Catarina, composed of Laguncularia and Avicennia, were established in the current southern limit of the South American mangroves only in the last decades. No evidence was found for the presence of mangroves in Laguna during the Holocene. The establishment of these mangroves in the region probably started during the Anthropocene, as a consequence of the increase in minimum winter temperatures in southern Brazil. Considering changes in precipitation rates over drainage basins that feed mangrove estuaries, as well as trends in RSL rise and temperatures until the end of the 21st century, tropical estuarine mangroves will likely migrate to higher topographically sectors in the interior of the river valleys, where its extension will depend on the volume of river discharge interacting with the RSL rise. Subtropical mangroves are expected to expand to more temperate zones as minimum winter temperatures increase. This process should cause an increase in the diversity of mangrove species, such as the introduction of the Rhizophora genus in the current southern limit of the mangroves, positioned in Laguna-SC. However, in the case of high rates of RSL rise, the relatively new subtropical mangroves are also expected to migrate to topographically higher sectors of the coast.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Forçantes naturais e antrópicas sobre os manguezais de Salinópolis - Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-05) SERRÃO, Izabelle Caroline Goes; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Mangroves stand out for their resilience and important role in environmental balance. Still, globally, mangrove areas have suffered losses of around 35% between 1980 and 2000, caused by changes in salinity gradients, wave and current action, relative sea level changes and urban expansion. The Brazilian coastal zone is distributed in 395 municipalities, among them Salinópolis, located on the Paraense coast, with a wide occurrence of mangroves that have also presented degradation. A spatial-temporal analysis based on Landsat, Quickbird and drone images was used to investigate the main forces driving the natural and anthropogenic mangrove dynamics in Salinópolis. These data allowed for individualizing the vegetation and geomorphology units between 2009 and 2019. An aerial photogrammetric survey based on drone data between Feb / 2019 and Sep / 2019 enabled the identification of changes in the topography of the tidal flats and cliffs. These data indicated an increase in mangrove areas of around 104 ha between 2009 and 2017 in the study area. However, there was a loss of this forest of approximately 52.3 ha between 2017 and 2019, when there was an increase in unregulated urbanization of coastal areas. The area comprising the so-called “Praia do Maçarico” presented losses of mangroves of around 15.2 and 28.8 ha in 2010 - 2017 and 2017 – 2019 periods, respectively. In the Atalaia area, there was a loss of about 23.5 ha between 2017 and 2019. The expansion of the mangroves occurred over higher coastal plains (~2.8 m above mean sea level), distant from human intervention, and probably caused by a relative sea level rise. However, the retraction of mangrove areas occurred mainly due to unregulated urban expansion over the higher tidal flats. In addition, the spatio-temporal analysis indicated erosion on the Maçarico cliff, with a retreat from the top of the cliff of up to 20 m between Feb / 2019 and Sep / 2019. In the year 2022 there were urban infrastructure works in this area with new sediment input to try to stabilize the cliff. It should be highlighted that the eroded material from the cliff caused an increase of up to 1 m on the tidal flat near the base of the cliff, where some mangroves occur, causing the burial of their roots and the death of these trees. The data showed that interventions on the coast with mangroves have caused losses in these forest areas that tend to migrate to topographically higher sectors due to the relative sea level rise, characterizing a conflict between the current expansion trend of this ecosystem and anthropogenic interventions on the coast. The coast of Salinópolis, with a vulnerability degree between very high (4,6) and high (3,6) requires the inclusion of projects with a quali-quantitative analysis of the interaction of the main coastal characteristics (e.g. geomorphology, topographic gradients of the coast, tidal range, vegetation, angle and speed of currents and surface runoff) before implementing works on the Salinópolis coast.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geomorfologia, mudanças na fonte de matéria orgânica e vegetação em planícies de maré próximas a foz do rio Amazonas durante o Holoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-11) GUIMARÃES, José Tasso Felix; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228; 8809787145146228
Geomorphological data, sedimentary facies, pollen, spores, carbon and nitrogen isotopes records, C/N ratio and radiocarbon dates allowed the identification and discussion about the relationship between the main morphological process, climatic signals and its influence on vegetation patterns of tidal flats near the mouth of the Amazon River during the last 5500 cal yr B.P. Therefore, data from the margin of Amazon River (Macapa site) indicate marine influence related to mangrove presence over a tidal mud flat between 5560 - 5470 cal yr BP and 5290 - 5150 cal yr BP. Afterward, the mangrove area shrank following the return of more humid conditions and increase of Amazon River discharge. A common reworking process of the tidal flat through the lateral migration of a meandering creek occurred in the study site, with later development of transitional vegetation under freshwater influence. Following the natural vegetation succession under stable climate and hydrological conditions, the expansion of varzea forests occurred since 600 - 560 cal yr BP until the present. Furthermore, regarding the tidal flats located west of the mouth of Amazon River (Amapa site), these stable conditions also allowed the mangrove maintenance over mudflats with deposition of marine organic matter during at least the last 2350 - 2300 cal yr BP. Processing and interpretation methods in optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, data of water salinity, maximum height of flood, historical rain series and sedimentary facies were used in the analysis of the morphological and geobotanical units, and its short-term changes to understand the main processes acting on the tidal flats downdrift of the Amazon River mouth (Calcoene site) during the last 30 years. Thus, the study area was subdivided in two main compartments: coastal plain and plateau. The coastal plateau presents a flat to gently undulated surface shaped by erosive process. Avulsion of alluvial channel and birdfoot feature possibly related to six deltaic lobes were also identified in this compartment. The vegetation is represented by varzea (flooded freshwater forests) and savannah. The coastal plain has an average length of 10 km, and it presents the tidal-fluvial channel, paleochannels, lakes, varzea, inundated field (herbaceous field), mangrove, chenier ridges, elongated tidal mud bars, tidal mud and mixed flat (non-vegetated). The sedimentary facies indicate tide and wave-dominated environments. The presence of lakes and lake belts, coexistence of herbaceous field and mangrove in the coastal plain may be related to silting and abandonment of tidal channels. The temporal analysis of these features indicates the savannah contraction, expansion of varzea and mangrove areas and formation of extensive mud tidal flats during drier period under the influence of El Nino. The wetter period under the influence of La Nina probably allowed the increase of varzea and lakes over the savannah areas, and the expansion of mangrove. Therefore, the decrease of rainfall index during El Nino may have reduced the Calcoene River inflow and favored an increase of tidal propagation, transport and deposition of mud along the tidal-fluvial channel and its secondary channels with subsequent development of mangrove and stabilization of muddy substrate near the coastline in La Nina. Considering a longer time scale during the mid and late Holocene, the analysis of morphology, sedimentary facies, palynological, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, C/N and radiocarbon data from tidal flats in the Calcoene site, indicates that vegetation development during the mid and late Holocene occurred influenced by the interaction relative sea-level and tidal channel dynamic. The data indicate a mud-rich tidal flat that presents alternations between supra and intertidal environments. The proximal portion of the tidal flat is related to the transitional sector between the costal plateau and plain and represents the final filling stage of the concave-up feature formed by the abandoned channel that contributed to water accumulation under very low energy flows, fern and other terrestrial vegetation establishment surrounding the formed lake since 5280 - 5160 cal yr BP. During the last 2840 - 2750 cal yr BP, the source of mud ceased and autochthonous organic material became prevalent as well as the increase in contribution of terrestrial organic matter (C3 plants), mainly represented by varzea vegetation. Herbaceous field already colonized the tidal flat at least during the last 3170 - 2970 cal yr BP. However, part of distal portion of the tidal flat related to the herbaceous field was covered by chenier ridges between 3170-2970 and 220-140 cal yr BP. The mangrove establishment, characterized by estuarine organic matter, Rhizophora and Avicennia pollen, occurred after 1350-1290 cal yr B.P and 220-140 cal yr B.P. on G3 and G2 site, respectively. This stacking pattern of sediments indicating a retrogradation, with distal facies over proximal facies, and gradual transition of herbaceous to mangrove sediment (e.g. G3 site) suggesting that the creation of accommodation space may be produced during an increase of wave action, tidal inundation frequency and evolution of secondary channels in the study site as a result of progressive relative sea-level rise. The integration of all these data suggests that the morphological process, vegetation patterns and sources of organic matter from tidal flats of Calcoene, Amapa and Macapa sites was influenced and conditioned by the interaction between relative sea-level, climatic and hydrological changes, and tidal channel dynamic during the Holocene.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto do último máximo glacial pleistocênico na vegetação de Humaitá, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-27) LIMA JÚNIOR, Walmir de Jesus Sousa; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The amount of pollen data recovered from the sedimentary record of western Amazonia is still far from adequate to fully approach climate changes in this region over the Last Glacial period. In the present work, vegetation dynamics of western Amazonia during the past 42000 cal yr BP is analyzed in the context of previous and new pollen data. Two sediment cores were sampled from fluvial terraces of the Madeira River, a major southern Amazonian tributary. The study sites are covered by tropical rainforest vegetation. The sedimentary deposits consist mostly of massive sand, heterolithic bedded sand/mud as well as either laminated or massive mud. These deposits were formed under reducing and low energy conditions in an abandoned fluvial channel/lake environment. Such depositional setting favored the preservation of a pollen community suggestive of arboreous taxa common to the modern Amazonian rainforest mixed with herbaceous vegetation. Pollen analysis also recorded a significant proportion of cold-adapted Andean tree species, represented by Alnus (0-20%), Hedyosmum (1-15%), Podocarpus (0-5%), Illex (1-11%) and Weinmannia (0-1%) at least between > 42,000 cal yr BP and 10,300 cal yr BP. During the Holocene, only pollen representative of herbs and modern Amazon vegetation persisted. This new pollen record confirm previous multiple proxies analyzes of two sediment cores sampled also from Humaitá region, where a significant plant population, at present restricted to Andean areas located at altitudes higher than 2000 - 3000 m, in areas of the Amazonia lowland toward the onset, and probably, during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos das mudanças do nível do mar nos manguezais do sudeste do brasil durante o holoceno e antropoceno usando uma abordagem multi-proxy
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-28) BOZI, Bettina Silva; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Mangroves are intertidal forests, susceptible to changes in tidal flooding frequency. Then, its dynamics along the topographic gradients of a coastal plain may be used as an indicator of sea-level changes. This work aims to identify the mangrove dynamics during the Holocene and Anthropocene and infer relative sea-level (RSL) changes based on satellite/drone images and pollen, isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), elemental (C\N), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and sedimentary data, as well as C-14 dating along three cores sampled along a mangrove and a transition mangrove/herbaceous zone following a topographical gradient of a coastal plain in the southeastern Brazilian coast. These multi-proxy data indicated a change from a flat occupied by herbs, palms, tree/shrubs to a lagoon surrounded by mangroves with an increase of sedimentary organic matter sourced from estuarine waters between ~6300 and ~4650 cal yr BP. The RSL rise caused a landward mangrove migration during the early-middle Holocene, widely recorded along the Brazilian coast. The RSL fall converted that lagoon with mangroves into a flat occupied by herbs, palms, and trees/shrubs during the middle-late Holocene. The last thousand years were characterized by a significant decrease in the mangrove pollen occurrence on highest tidal flats occupied by modern mangroves between 390 cal yr BP (1560 AD) and 77 cal yr BP (1873 AD), probably caused by a RSL fall associated with the Little Ice Age (LIA). The core G-4, sampled from the lowest tidal flats and mainly occupied by Rhizophora, revealed an increased trend in Rhizophora pollen percentage since 77 cal yr BP (1873 AD). However, cores sampled from the highest mangrove tidal flats, in the ecotone mangrove/ herbaceous vegetation, indicated an increase of pollen percentages of Rhizophora, Avicennia, and Laguncularia, suggesting a mangrove migration into the highest tidal flats previously occupied by herbs, palms, and trees/shrubs since 1958 (core G-3) and 1955 AD (core RBN-2). These trends must be related to the increase in estuarine influence by a RSL rise since the end of the Little Ice Age and intensified during the last decades.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência marinha nas águas do lago Arari (ilha de Marajó-Pa) durante o Holoceno com base em indicadores biológicos e isotópicos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-14) SMITH, Clarisse Beltrão; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228; 8809787145146228
This work aimed the paleoenvironmental reconstruct of the drainage basin area of the Lake Arari (Marajó Island-PA) during the last 7.250 yr B.P. There was performed the characterization of environment study, determining the current physico-chemical data of lake water and their botanical composition (phytoplankton and macrophytes). From the nine sediment cores sampled from the Lake Arari, herbaceous plain, and on the east coast of the Marajó Island, were analyzed the grains size, sedimentary structures, pollen, isotopic (_15N and _ 13C) and elemental (C/Nmolar) content that allowed the lito, bio and chemostratigraphy correlation between the sampling sites. The ages of events were determined by radiocarbon. The integrated analysis of these data allowed the identification of three phases: Phase 1, from 7.328-7.168 and 2.306-2.234 cal. yr B.P., the sediments are classified as clayey silt and sandy silt, showing predominantly lenticular and wavy structures with mangrove pollen and values of C/N molar ratio and _ 13C _ 15N compatible with a lagoonal depositional environment. In Phase 2, from 2.306-2.234 to ~500 cal. yr B.P., occurs a decrease in the energy flow, the sedimentary deposits present parallel lamination structure or massive deposits. Although the pollen data indicate the absence of mangroves in this phase, the isotope and elemental values continue to indicate preferential contribution of aquatic marine organic matter. In phase 3, from ~500 cal. yr B.P. to modern, is established the lake system, because the sediment deposition reflects relatively low energy flow and marine influence becomes progressively smaller with larger contribution of freshwater algae. Besides, occurs a slight increase in organic matter derived from terrestrial plants due to the expansion of the herbaceous plain, which it colonizes the Arari Lake's drainage. Currently the mangrove forests are restricted to east littoral area of the Marajó Island. According to the model proposed in this work, the decrease in marine influence, with consequences for the hydrodynamics, organic matter and vegetation of the study area, was produced by the interaction between the sea-level rise and river water discharge.

Navegar

Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG por Orientadores "COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa"