Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2603

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) surgiu em 1976 como uma necessidade de desmembramento do então já em pleno desenvolvimento Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas (CPGG), instalado ainda em 1973 nesta mesma Universidade. Foi o primeiro programa stricto sensu de Pós-Graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Geociências em toda Amazônia Legal. Ao longo de sua existência, o PPGG tem pautado sua atuação na formação na qualificação de profissionais nos níveis de Mestrado e Doutorado, a base para formação de pesquisadores e profissionais de alto nível. Neste seu curto período de existência promoveu a formação de 499 mestres e 124 doutores, no total de 623 dissertações e teses.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação ambiental dos recursos hídricos, solos e sedimentos na área de abrangência do depósito de resíduos sólidos do Aurá - Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-03-27) PIRATOBA MORALES, Gundisalvo; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
With 1.754.099 inhabitants, the municipality of Belém produces roughly 1,200 tons per day of all kinds of waste, which are deposited in a landfill known as Lixão do Aurá, bordering the municipality of Ananindeua. During the past 11 years, this area has been accumulating approximately three million and two-hundred thousand tons of solid waste, transforming that place into a permanent local source of anthropogenic pollution, altering environmental conditions and resources around the whole area surrounding it. A Vertical Electrical Resistivity Sounding (VERS) procedure, conducted in the area before it was transformed into the landfill (1991), compared with the measures taken eight years later (1998), show that the land resistance has considerably dropped, with values in some cases — 109 times smaller than the original ones, thus indicating that the layers have been affected by the leach from waste decay. Fifteen profiles were conducted in the area, using the electrical imaging system, allowing us to confirm the (VERS) results, with evidences that the underground water has been affected by the infiltration and by the leachate vertical and horizontal movements. The hydro geological characteristics in the area show that the local predominant type of aquifer is of the free kind, locally confined, with hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.695%, effective porosity of 28%, permeability coefficient ranging from 1.1 x 10-3 to 0.9 x 10-4 cm/s, and underground flows running north/south towards the Guamá River, at approximately 14.79 m/year. A multivariate statistical analysis has shown that superficial water samples, collected simultaneously at three control points, during one tide cycle, regardless of the season, portray totaily different behaviors, indicating that superficial water resources are being affected by the superficial movement of leachate. With the concentration value figures for each of the leachate parameters (pH, conductivity, alkalinity, ammonia, total organic carbon, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesia), plus the flow of the Aurá River at the control point near the Guamá River, it is possible to estimate the quantity of pollutants that the solid waste landfill sends into the water system. During one tide cycle, in the dry season, the solid waste landfill deposits approximately 13,115 kg of chloride, 417 kg of ammonia, and 129,767 kg of salts in the local water system. For the underground waters, the multivariate statistics showed that the samples collected In the monitoring wells in the area show significant differences, indicating that the wells located downstream have been affected by the leachate. The presence of sand layers right in the area where solid waste is deposited allows for the vertical and horizontal movement of the different pollutants originated by the leachate. The heavy metais anaiyses, conducted under the sequential extraction methodology, showed percentages in the geochemical phases potentially bio-available in the studied soil and sediment samples. In the soil samples, the potentially bio-available fraction (replace, reduce, and organic geochemistry phases) contained an average of 32% of the total Cadmium (Cd), 11.8% of the total Chromium (Cr), 23% of the total Copper (Cu), 12.32% of the total Nickel (Ni), 43.1% of the total Lead (Pb), and 31.01% of the total Zinc. The potentially bio-available phases percentage in the sediments of the area was greater than the ones found in the soil samples. In these sediments, the quantity of heavy metais in the potentially bio-available fraction, shown higher values during the dry season than during the rainy season; for instance, 33% of the total Cd measured during the rainy season increased to 37% in the dry season; Pb increased from 61 to 70%; Zn, from 51 to 54%, among others. The metais analyzed by total attack in the soil samples, compared with the sandstone backgrounds, indicate that the Fe (3.1%), Cu (18.5 ppm), Ni (10.1 ppm), Pb (69.5 ppm), Cr (76 ppm), and Cd (>1 ppm) are above normal standards. In the case of sediment samples, the EPA background values (total concentration) would be moderately polluted by Cr (average 64.6 ppm) and heavily polluted by Fe (3.8%) and Mn (600 ppm). These results show that the sediments were not polluted by Pb and Zn. Considering the potentially bio-available phase and using the tool provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS), we can say that, during the rainy season, the sediment samples were not polluted by Cr (potentially bio-available fraction smaller than 20% of the total) were highly polluted by Pb and Zn (PBD higher than 50%), and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, and Cd (PBD between 20 and 50%).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidrogeológica na área do depósito de lixo do Aurá - Município de Ananindeua-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-11-23) MENEZES, Lúcio Araújo; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação no lago Xolotlán causada pelos despejos vertidos pela área metropolitana da cidade de Manágua, Nicarágua
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1995-05-25) ALBUQUERQUE ESPINOZA, Noemi Marlene; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Lake Xolotlán, the smaller of the two large lakes that occupy the Nicaraguan Depression, has been polluted by the metropolitan area of the city of Managuá since 1928, when it began to be used as a receiving body for the city's sewage. It currently also receives wastewater from the main industries in Nicaragua (located in Managua); sediments, garbage, high content of nutrients and organic pollutants from the drainage basin and the water that percolates from the main dump in the city of Managua (Lixão Acahualinca). To determine the levels of contamination by chromium, copper, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead on the southern coast of Lake Xolotlán, two sampling campaigns were carried out in six profiles with a north direction, starting from the discharge points of three sanitary sewage collectors, an industrial wastewater effluent, a rainwater drainage channel and in front of a "sanitary" landfill. In the first campaign, sampling was carried out up to a distance of 1000 meters from the lake shore and in the second, up to 500 meters. Water and sediment samples were collected for the analysis of trace elements and water samples for the determination of physical and physical-chemical variables. A third sampling campaign was carried out on two profiles to determine the concentrations of ƩDDT and toxaphene in sediments from Lake Xolotlán. For the determination of trace elements, the atomic absorption spectrometry method was used. ƩDDT and toxaphene were determined by the gas chromatography method. In the analysis of physical and physical-chemical variables, descriptive methods by APHA (1992) were used. The concentrations of chromium, copper, arsenic and cadmium in water were lower than the limits established by the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) of Brazil in 1987 for brackish water intended for primary contact recreation, the protection of aquatic communities and the creation of species. intended for human consumption. Lead was exactly at the limit established by CONAMA for this pollutant (10ppb) at the point of discharge of the influent sampled from industrial wastewater in the first sampling. Mercury concentrations in water were high throughout the wastewater effluent profile, ranging from 0.6 to 0.1 ppb in both samples. In sediments from the coast of Lake Xolotlán, chromium was found at an average concentration of 15.1 µg/g and its distribution in most profiles indicates contamination by point sources, similarly to what occurs with copper (57 - 28 µg/g) and arsenic (1.3 - 11.2 µg/g). Cadmium contamination (0.7 - 4.7 µg/g) is a product of volcanic activity. Sediments sampled at the point of discharge of the sampled wastewater show a strong mercury contamination (57.6 µg/g), which decreases with distance. In turn, lead contamination (average concentration of 36.8 µg/g) is widespread throughout the study area and, with the exception of one profile, its spatial distribution indicates contamination by non-point sources. Toxaphene was only detected at the industrial wastewater discharge point, but the concentration was high (10 ppm). The distribution of ƩDDT suggests contamination by an unidentified point source. The results of the analysis of the physicochemical variables demonstrate that the volcanic activity is contributing with high values of Ph, solids, boron, fluorides and higher ion concentrations. The significant decrease in the concentration of nutrients and the chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, with the distance from the point contamination sources, reveal that Lake Xolotlán has a high stabilization capacity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico da contaminação ambiental gerada pela atividade minerária sobre os rios Sucio, Nico e Sinecapa – Nicarágua.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1995-05-19) SILVA VELÁSQUEZ, Gerardo Alfonso; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da distribuição dos poluentes metálicos e orgânicos nos sedimentos de fundo dos canais de drenagem de Belém, Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1995-10-17) NASCIMENTO, Fernanda Souza do; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição de metais pesados e hidrocarbonetos poliaromáticos em sedimentos de fundo dos rios Magdalena e Bogotá (Colômbia).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-09-08) PIRATOBA MORALES, Gundisalvo; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da salinização no Estuário do Rio Pará no trecho Belém-Mosqueiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1987-08-04) CORDEIRO, Cleise Alves; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo geoquímico de hidrocarbonetos e metais pesados em sedimentos recentes e material vegetal do Rio Bogotá e Rio Magdalena, Colômbia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-05-11) LOPEZ, Martha Cristina Bustos; AZEVEDO, Débora de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5767899024347177; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo hidrogeológico da área localizada entre o depósito de lixo metropolitano de Belém (Áura) e o Lago Água Preta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003) BAHIA, Vânia Eunice; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
Belem, the biggest city of the Amazonia, with an estimated population of 1.280.614 habitants, directs all types of residues produced in the urban area to the Metropolitan Waste Deposit, which was inaugurated in 1991 and is located in Santana do Aura. Currently, approximately 1000 tons of solid residues are deposited daily, turning it a local permanent source of pollution. The fact that the Agua Preta (Black Water) Lake – main source of water supply for the population of the Metropolitan Region of Belem – is located at 1.4 km west of the Residues Deposit of Aura, has raised speculation on the possible of contamination as a result of the proximity between those two locations. The main goal of the present study is the hydrogeologic characterization of the area located between the Metropolitan Waste Deposit of Belem (Aura) and the Agua Preta Lake, by correlating geophysical, hydrogeologic, and geochemical data, in order to determine the influence of the deriving contaminants of the deposit of residues on the underground water resources of the studied area, and also evaluate the possibility of their influence in the water sources of Belem. Electromagnetic geophysical measurements (EM) carried through, showed the presence of clayed layers and of the shallow water table. The results achieved through this indirect method allowed the identification of anomalous values (high conductivity) in some locations that were later checked through the installation of monitoring wells and geochemical analysis of water samples. In the hydrogeologic analysis of the area, a hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.011, effective porosity values 28%, hydraulic conductivity between 4,01 x 10-3 and 3,16 x 10-4 cm/s were obtained showing that the underground flows run at approximately 20.03 m/year, in the east-west and east-south directions. The predominant aquifers in the area are of confined type, protected by layers of clayed material with thickness ranging from 4 to 17 meters and are associated to Barreiras Group and to the Pos-Barreiras unity. The chemical analysis obtained for leachate tracers (pH, electric conductivity, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrate, chloride, sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium) carried out in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells have shown environmental characteristics of the water resources in the area, not evidencing contamination due to leachate. The analysis of the geochemical parameters together with the underground flows indicates that in spite of the flow be towards the Agua Preta lake, we cannot affirm that this actually happens because besides the analytical results do not show evidence of water resources pollution, other wells and mainly the narrow Santo Antonio river (located between the deposit and the lake) act as a draining system for the superficial and underground flows in the area. The narrow river would act as a natural and protective barrier, diminishing the possibility of the aquifers located more west in the studied area be reached by superficial and underground flows of leachate generated in the waste deposit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Níveis de contaminação das águas da bacia do rio Afoya pela aplicação de pesticidas organofosforados e organoclorados no cultivo de algodão - Chinandega, Nicaragua
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1995-05-25) ALVAREZ CASTILLO, José Antonio; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186

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