Dissertações em Recursos Hídricos (Mestrado) - PPGRH/IG
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas do aquífero Barreiras: estudo de caso em Benevides - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-10) FREDDO FILHO, Valmor José; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397The objective of this research was to study the groundwater quality of the free aquifer Barreiras, by means of hydrochemical characterization and classification of the chemical type of groundwater, hypothetically polluted by anthropic activities, at the municipal headquarters of Benevides - PA. The groundwater of the municipality of Benevides is an important natural resource both for domestic supply and for industrial and commercial use. The material and methods used for the development of this work consisted of: a bibliographical survey on the local and regional geology of the Amazon Basin and regional aquifers; organization and consistency of data available in the SIAGAS (Groundwater Information System) project; treatment and analysis of existing well information (definition of lithological and hydrogeological standards); registration of 43 new wells, of which 30 wells were used as monitoring wells; and systematic physico-chemical analysis of shallow groundwater during the months of March, June, August, October and December 2017. The analytical techniques adopted consist of physical-chemical measurements in situ, with the use of (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, OD, total dissolved solids, turbidity, fluoride, total iron, manganese, aluminum, barium, lead, copper, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, nickel, zinc, NaCl , Ca+2, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Cl-, SO4 -2, CO3 -, HCO3 -, NH4 + e NO3 -), which were carried out at the Evandro Chagas Institute. For the hydrochemical characterization of the waters, maps of isoteores of the elements and graphs of seasonal variations were elaborated, besides the analysis of the diagram of Piper for classification of groundwater. For the evaluation of water for human consumption was used Ordinance Nº 2914/2011, Ministry of Health. The pH ranged from 4.33 to 5.84 during the rainy season and 4.48 to 5.96 in the least rainy period. The static level variation was 0.8 to 20.4 meters in the rainy season and 1.7 to 25.34 in the less rainy period. Aluminum and lead presented maximum values of 0.515 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The electrical conductivity reached its maximum value of 195.8 μS/cm, accompanying the elevation of sodium and chloride values. Ammonium values were more significant during the rainy season, with an average value of 0.175 mg/L. The highest total iron concentration index was 1.28 mg/L. The nitrate levels found in the samples reached indices higher than allowed by the legislation in half of the samples analyzed. The hydrochemical characterization evidences a character of chlorinated sodium nature. The high concentrations of nitrate are related to anthropic activities originated by the absence of local basic sanitation and characterized by the discharge of domestic sewage and the use of black cesspits, near most wells.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas na Ilha de Cotijuba – Belém / PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) HANNA, Leila Maria Miranda; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397The Island Cotijuba, approximately 12000 inhabitants and 60 km2, is bordered the Marajó Bay and Mamão hole. In much of the area occupied on the island, the sanitation is poor, with effluents in the soil or in cesspits, with the potential risk of contamination of groundwater, captured through shallow wells, for multiple uses, especially domestic consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the water aquifer for human consumption; were analyzed temperature, pH, eletrical conductivity, turbidity, apparent color, total alkalinity, NH4+, N-NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, total hardness, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The waters were characterized as the predominant ions and potability standards (2914/2011 / MS). Eighteen water wells were collected, with depths ranging from 4 to 33 m, held in April, August and November 2015, corresponding to the rainy season, transition and less rainy, respectively. They were measured in pH field, temperature, electrical conductivity and water level of wells. The other analyzes were performed in the laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). The topographic elevation was measured for making the Preferential direction of shallow groundwater flow map, having noticed that the central part of the island, toward, is composed of ground water recharge zone and the zone southwest (SW) is discharge area. The water is chlorinated with sodium, acidic and low mineralization, with a median of electric conductivity (EC), about 47μS / cm and pH ranging from 3.7 to 5.4; the highest levels of chemical constituents occur in the SW and northeast (NE) Island. They were obtained strong positive correlation ratios between sodium and chloride, and from ammonium and pH. Some wells showed parameters outside the potability standard, with wide variation, as the color (1 to 341 uH), turbidity (0.2 to 58.3 uT), chloride (1.06 to 255.24 mg / L Cl), iron (0.01 to 10.66 mg / L Fe) and ammonium (0.01 to 9 mg / L NH4+); total coliform occur in 67% of the transition period the samples to 100% of the rainy; E. coli was reported in 20% of samples of the rainy season and 29% of less rain. The nitrate was less than 10 mg / l NO3--N, maximum 6.9 mg / L. These values are associated with the sanitation system in situ and well built without proper techniques.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas: estudo de caso no Distrito de Icoaraci - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-12) CRESPIM, Renata da Costa e Silva; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397This research had as objective to analyze the quality of the groundwater in the neighborhood Parque Guajará, Icoaraci-Pa. Septic tanks were considered as potential sources of contamination, with emphasis on the detection of nitrogen compounds. The wells studied have depths ranging from 6 to 24 meters and capture water from the Barreiras aquifer. Four shallow groundwater samples were collected in 15 wells during the rainy season (january 2016 and may 2016) and less rainy (august 2016 and october 2016). The following physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed: pH, chloride, sodium, electrical conductivity, nitrite, ammonium, nitrate, Escherichia coli and total coliforms. The analyzes were made at the Evandro Chagas Institute. The results were compared to the maximum values allowed by Ministry of Health Ordinance nº 2.914/11. The interpretation of the data was based on seasonal variations and isovalues maps. The bacterias Escherichia coli and total coliforms were detected in the rainy season in 33.33% and 40% of the waters, respectively. The pH ranged from 3.93 to 6.22 during the rainy season and from 3.95 to 6.42 in the less rainy season. Chloride and sodium presented maximum values of 68.46 mg/ L and 68.41 mg/ L, respectively. The electrical conductivity reached its maximum value of 527 μS/cm following the elevation of sodium and chloride values. Ammonium ranged from 0.00 mg/L to 6.01 mg/L, with maximum value in the rainy season. Nitrite was more expressive in the less rainy period, with values reaching 0,44 mg/L. Nitrate (N-NO3-) was present in all sample periods ranging from 0.91 mg/L to 64.03 mg/L. The nitrate contents found in the samples reached levels higher than allowed by legislation, being 80% and 86.67% in the rainy season (january 2016 and may 2016) and 66.67% and 80% in the less rainy season (august / 2016 and october / 2016). The nitrification process was identified in 13.33% of the sampled waters. In january / 2016 (rainy season) and august / 2016 (less rainy season) the waters presented sodium bicarbonated characteristics. To the ionic classification, in may / 2016 (rainy season) the predominance was sodium sulphated water and in october / 2016 (less rainy period), sodium chlorated water. In the research area, the high levels of nitrate in shallow groundwater were attributed to the presence of septic tanks, the absence of technical criteria for the construction of wells and the circulation of domestic animals around the wells of water catchment for human consumption.