Dissertações em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (Mestrado) - PPGCTA/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8949
O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos teve início em 2004 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aplicação da tecnologia supercrítica visando a valorização da casca do fruto do bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-17) FREITAS, Lucas Cantão; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580The use of agro-industrial waste envisioning its valorization has generated interest from the scientific community and industries. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive approach to the current state of the art in relation to the use of agro-industrial waste, emphasizing the obtainment of high value-added products through supercritical technology and other environmentally friendly technologies. In addition, the main products generated from the use of agro-industrial residues were reported and discussed in terms of process, feasibility and future perspectives. In this context, bringing to the Amazon scenario and putting into practice the current state of the art, it was decided to apply supercritical technology as a tool for valuing the agro-industrial residue of the bacuri fruit, more specifically its shell, as it is the largest fraction of this fruit, representing up to 70% in mass. Thus, the work aimed to develop a process for separating and/or minimizing the resin that exudes from the bacuri shell, since this is the main barrier to the technological use of this residue. For this, consecutive extraction with supercritical CO2 was applied, where the process parameters such as particle size, pressure and use of cosolvent were studied, in addition to the pre-processing steps. The extracts obtained were analyzed in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS) by spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that the process was able to separate the resin from the bacuri shell, which is the first report described in the literature. Furthermore, the smaller particle size (0.25 mm) exhibited the most prominent impact on extraction rate, providing good yields of lipid extracts (up to 10.09 ± 0.02 %) and ethanoic extracts (up to 13.78 ± 0.41%). The obtained extracts presented good levels of phenolic compounds, which was associated with its high antioxidant activity. Thus, the application of supercritical technology added value to the bacuri shell, enabling new strands for industrial use of this residue with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, encouraging the circular economy and the bioeconomy of the Amazon region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da composição química, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo de cipó-de-alho (Mansoa standleyi) (Steyerm.) A. H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae) obtido via extração supercítica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-31) URBINA, Glides Rafael Olivo; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580Mansoa standleyi is popularly known as "cipó-de-alho" because of its characteristic garlic odor (Allium sativum). The plant has an inhibitory effect on bacteria and fungi growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the oil obtained from M. standleyi leaves via supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and conventional extraction (Hydrodistillation). The SFE tests were performed using supercritical CO2, static extraction time of 30 min and dynamic time of 180 min, CO2 flow of 2.5 L/min and raw material mass of 10 g. The temperature and pressure variables were selected in order to obtain a difference in the CO2 density (𝜌𝐶𝑂2) in the 35 and 45 ºC isotherms combined with the pressure values of 100, 200, 300, and 400 bar. The results obtained allow us to verify that the global yield values of SFE on dry basis show significant differences between them (p≤0.05), with values varying from 0.87 to 2.02%. The highest average found refers to 400 bar/35 ºC condition (𝜌𝐶𝑂2 = 972.26 kg/m3). However, in Hydrodistillation extraction the oil yield was 0.14%. The results of phytochemical screening by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) evidenced the presence of terpenes, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. It was demonstrated the presence of substances with antioxidant activity for all oils obtained with SFE, being observed a better identification in the oils obtained at high pressures. In the quantitative analysis of chemical composition, it was observed that the values ranged from 31.87 to 72.06 mg EAG/g oil in the content of total phenolic compounds. In relation to the antioxidant activity, the values ranged from 457.64 to 2475.55 EC50 expressed in g of oil/g of DPPH, the best results being obtained in the condition of 400 bar/35 ºC. In the fatty acid profiles of M. standleyi oil obtained by SFE, the results indicated that there was a difference in the fatty acids qualitative composition detected, in function of the operational extraction condition, where the presence of linoleic (≅95%), palmitic (≅12%), and oleic (≅5%) acid was observed. The chemical constituents identified in the obtained oil by Hydrodistillation were identified as sulfur compounds, phenols, and alcohols. The antimicrobial activity in vitro analysis showed that the oil obtained by SFE presents an antibacterial action against Stapphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Finally, M. standleyi oil represents an alternative for future use in the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do teor de espilatol no ciclo de cultura de duas cultivares de Aemella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen em extratos obtidos por entração supercritica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) SILVA, Ana Paula de Souza e; FERREIRA, Gracialda Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4250668524181387; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen is a species native to South America, popularly known as jambu, and has been consumed for many years as an ornamental, medicinal, and food plant. To obtain espilantol, the main bioactive compound of this species, various extraction techniques have been used in order to obtain the isolated substance, since it is not commercially available. Among the techniques, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction stands out as it showed high selectivity for espilantol, with yields above 50%, resulting in a purity above 90% of the isolated compound. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of rainfall and harvest time on the yield of spilanthol with supercritical CO2 in two cultivars of Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen flowers, as well as to evaluate their pharmacological effect. For this purpose, the following procedures were performed: raw material characterization; optimization of the process variables (flow and time); obtaining of extracts by supercritical extraction; determining of the process cost on an analytical scale; determination of the total phenolic compounds concentration in the extracts by Folin-Ciocalteu method; spilanthol content quantification in the extracts by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and evaluation of its antinociceptive in vivo activity. The main results were: the mineral analysis indicated high levels of iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium; the process optimization resulted in a CO2 use decrease from 955,8g to 477,9g, and reduced extraction costs from R$ 20.47 to R$ 11.45. The higher espilantol content was 29.22%, while the highest phenolic content was 43.04%. The flowers of both Acmella oleracea cultivars were considered good sources of iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. The highest values of extract yield, spilanthol content and total phenolic compounds were obtained in the rainy season and in the shortest harvest times. Between the two cultivars evaluated, no significant statistical differences were found.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Teor de pilocarpina em extratos das folhas de jaborandi (pilocarpus microphyllus stapf ex wardleworth) obtidos via extração supercrítica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-04) BEZERRA, Priscila do Nascimento; FERREIRA, Gracialda Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4250668524181387; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; ttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardleworth, known as jaborandi, is one of the few natural sources of alkaloid pilocarpine, which is obtained through aggressive methodologies to the environment. Thus, there is a need for scientific research to obtain this compound without pleasing the environment, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). In the development of this research, SFE was performed by CO2 and CO2 + EtOH, which were conducted with 40 and 60 ºC at 200, 290, and 420 bar pressure. The use of cosolvent and the increase in the pressure and temperature increased the mass yield and the polar compounds contents, such as pilocarpine and phenolic compounds. The highest values of mass yield (4.78±0.38%), pilocarpine content (2.37±0.02 % wt of pilocarpine/wt of extract x 100), and phenolic compounds content (173.67±1.5 mg GAE/g of extract) were obtained at the same condition (60 ºC/420 bar with CO2 + 10 % EtOH). The only difference was found in the antioxidant activity, which achieved its best performance at 40 ºC/ 200 bar with CO2 + 10 % EtOH, however, it achieved its most promising results in the samples obtained with cosolvent, as well as the best results in mass yield, pilocarpine content, and phenolic compounds content. The extraction condition with the highest pilocarpine content was used to perform the kinetics and the curve obtained was adjusted in the Sovová (2012) model, showing a good fit.