Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia - PPGECO/ICB
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8937
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO) foi criado em 2015, por meio de um convênio firmado entre a Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e visa avançar no conhecimento teórico e empírico da Ecologia, incluindo suas abordagens básicas que são a autoecologia, a biologia de populações e os estudos de comunidades e ecossistemas.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da população de Botos-do-Araguaia (cetacea: iniidae: inia araguaiaensis hrbek et al., 2014) no Baixo Rio Tocantins, Amazônia oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-17) MOREIRA JUNIOR, Reginaldo Haroldo Medeiros; LIMA, Neusa Renata Emin de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9249838863447997; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627The aims of this study were to estimate the abundance and home range size of Araguaian river dolphin’s (Inia araguaiaensis), to characterize their habitat, and to describe their habitat use in lower Tocantins River, Eastern Amazonia. Data were collected in November 2015 and March 2016. When encountered, the dolphins were counted and photographed, their location was recorded and environmental parameters (depth and turbidity) and landscape parameters (distance from sightings to the Cametá market) were measured. Abundance was estimated by marking and recapture method allied to photo identification, and home range was measured by minimum convex polygon method and by Kernel density estimator. Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate dolphins’ habitat use patterns. Solitary animals and assemblies of up to eight individuals were observed (X ̅ = 6,43 ± 1,13 individuals). Thirteen individuals were identified and a total of 18 dolphins were estimated in the area. Estimated home range and core area were up to 14.55 km² and 5.25 km², respectively. A high frequency of records occurred in front of Cametá market. The distance from sightings to this market was the only metric with a significant effect on habitat use (GLM, z = 2.79, p <0.01). This high frequency is associated with food provision to dolphins in the market.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos da inundação e da antropização sobre padrões de diversidade de árvores da floresta de várzea amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-29) MAGALHÃES, Jose Leonardo Lima; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-5487The white-water floodplain forest in Amazon (locally várzea) is a highly heterogeneous floodplain ecosystem that encompasses a large number of adapted species. It is distributed along the entire length of the main channel of the Amazon River and of tributaries of Andean origin. In addition, due to periodic flooding by waters with high sediment load, it has high fertility when compared to other Amazonian systems. What on the one hand is important for high primary productivity also makes it the target of human colonization for its benefits to food production. In this sense, because it presents continental dimensions and crosses almost all the biome from East to West, it has been the main access route of present and previous human populations to the most distant points of the basin. All these factors contribute to these forests being an important model for testing diversity patterns along natural and anthropogenic gradients. This thesis is presented in two chapters that use distinct approaches, focusing on different aspects of forest diversity and structure. Chapter 1 examines the phylogenetic structure of the arboreal component of floodplain forests in the Central and Eastern macro-regions and investigates whether the current human presence has modified it, specifically reducing the number of tree lineages present and leading to the phylogenetic homogenization of these forests. Chapter 2 investigates whether the taxonomic diversity and the local and regional tree species found today in the macro-regions of the study are associated with historical patterns of human density since the arrival of Europeans in the region. To reach the objectives, seven areas were sampled along the 2,400 km stretch of the Brazilian portion of the Amazon River, which covers different flood regimes and human influences. Thus, tree individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm were sampled and data were collected in situ and in databases available to be used as predictors variables in modeling tree diversity at different scales. With the results, it was detected that the flood regime is the main factor that influences the phylogenetic structure whereas the human density of almost three centuries ago is responsible for the patterns of taxonomic diversity that are currently found. The diversity patterns were detected in the evolutionary and ecological scale, where it was shown that human influences may have a long-delayed response after they have occurred. Because várzea is a system of relatively easy access in the region and has few protected areas, it is necessary to understand how these forests are important for the maintenance of essential ecosystem services, even though they have been affected by human influence for a long period.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos do manejo do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) sobre a avifauna em florestas de várzea estuarina na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) NUNES, Raphael de Vasconcelos; LEES, Alexander Charles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8887958109144699; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627Human actions and use of natural resources, by removing plant species, food resources or altering the environment’s structure, may have indirect effects on animal communities. The expansion of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) production has been altering floodplain forests through its management actions, resulting in environmental degradation and even substitution of forest for plantation areas, thus causing floristic empoverishment. In this paper we investigate the effects of this species management on the structure of bird community in an insular system of the Amazon River delta. Our hypothesis was that we would find less bird species diversity on managed areas (low and high intensity management) compared to non-managed forest fragments due to the environmental degradation caused by this practice. To assess the diversity and abundance of bird species we conducted point counts with auditory recordings and observations in three sites per treatment. We found a decrease tendency in bird species richness in intensively managed areas; but didn’t detect any changes on bird abundance and diversity in areas managed for açaí fruit production. We found alterations on bird community composition, being this more homogenous in managed areas. The effects of açaí management upon the fauna are still hard to detect but may arise in the future and our results point to the homogenization and species loss in areas subjected to intense management, causing birdlife empoverishment.