Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica - CPGF/IG
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2355
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica da UFPA (CPGF) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Foi o segundo no Brasil a formar recursos humanos em Geofísica em nível de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Criado em 1972, funcionou até 1992 junto com os Cursos de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica e Geologia.
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Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica - CPGF/IG por Orientadores "BISCHOFF, Jürgen H."
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento de um magnetometro a precessão nuclear(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1983-12-22) ALVES, José Geraldo das Virgens; BISCHOFF, Jürgen H.The objetive of this thesis was to develop a proton precession magnetometer for geophysical prospecting and base stations. The proton precession magnetometer measures the total magnetic field intensity. It operates on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance by determining the precession frequency of protons of a non vicous liquid in the terrestrial .magnetic field. The magnetometer consists of two parts: the sensor and the measuring instrument. The sensor is a solenoildal coil with the liquid as the core. Three different liquids were tested: water, n-propanol and a laboratory grade kerosene. The last one was selected because it offers more high precession signal amplitude and, consequently higer signal/noise ratio. The measuring system contains the tunning and amplifier circuits and the logical circuits for programming the measuring cycle and count on the precession frequency. Each cycle has a duration of 3 seconds; 2.3 seconds for the polarization and 0.7 seconds for the reception of the signal. The operation can be carried out manually, automatically or by remote control. The precession signal is amplified selectively in one of 14 different syntonized band-passes for measurements between 22000 and 95000 gammas. The precession frequency is multiplied by 64 and counted for a time of 0.36699 seconds, selected in consideration to the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton. The number of counted pulses is numerically equal to the value of the magnetic field in gammas. The reading is displaed digitally. For remote operation a BCD output is availabe. The precision of the measurements is 1 gamma. The instrument was tested in field to evaluate signal/noise ratio, supportable gradient and battery consuption. Application teste was carried out to take diurnal variation data and, reconnaissance and detail surveys data on an archaeological site in the Marajó Island-Pa. The test results were confronted with two commercial magnetometers-GP-70, McPhar e G-816, Geometrics - and, with data from Observatório Magnetico Ilha de Tatuoca as well. For all cases, the data comparison showed a good performance of the magnetometer tested.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo de águas subterrâneas com métodos elétricos na região do semi-árido de Patos - PB(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1991-03-21) VITORINO FILHO, Sebastião; BISCHOFF, Jürgen H.The Northeast Brazil and the semi-arid region of the State of Paraíba in particular suffers frequent droughts and lack water resources. Surface water does not meet the demand resulting in the search for groundwater as an important item in the development programs of the federal and state governments. In the semi-arid regions occur shallow aquifers and aquifers of fractured crystalline basement rocks. Fractures in crystalline rocks are mostly prospected using aerial photographs and geologic structure studies, resulting in on the average 30% of dry wells among the wells drilled in the region. The alluvial aquifer dimensioning is done by systematic drilling which becomes tedious and expensive in the long run. The objective of this study is to show that geophysical techniques, geoelectrical in particular, are efficient and economical in finding and evaluating areas suitable for groundwater storage in alluvium or crystalline rocks. The traditional resistivity and the less used eletromagnetic methods in groundwater prospecting were applied in this study. For this purpose three semi-arid areas were selected in near the city of Patos, Paraíba, representing two alluvial and one crystalline aquifers. In the case of alluvial aquifers the depth up to the crystalline basement was determined through vertical electrical soundings (VESs) and the lateral limits were mapped through electrical profiling. The results of the VESs are in agreement with the drilling depth values, thus proving the resistivity method as being suitable for study of shallow and narrow alluvial aquifers. In the case of crystalline aquifers a preliminary determination of the general direction of fracture zones was performed through a modified vertical electrical sounding (radial VES). The exact location of these zones was done by electrical and electromagnetic profiling in horizontal loop technique operating with two frequencies of 880 Hz and 2640 Hz. The results of both the methods applied in this study were found to be satisfactory, however, the electromagnetic profiling is faster and requires less manpower, thus, reducing the operating costs in groundwater prospecting in crystalline rocks.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Interpretação gravimétrica-magnética da zona de fratura dupla Bode Verde(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1989-07-31) ARAÚJO, Tereza Cristina Medeiros de; BISCHOFF, Jürgen H.In January 1980, the CENTRATLAN Project Bode Verde I was conducted by collecting geophysical and geological data at the central portion of the Middle Atlantic Ridge, south of Ascensão Island. This research was done within an agreement between the US-American and Brazilian Navy. With the objective to describe the geology of the Bode Verde fracture zone and to understand the origins of this feature on the ocean floor and continental margin, bathimetric, gravimetric and magnetic data were collected. The analysis of the bathimetric data allowed to describe this feature as a doubled fractured zone, marked by two continuous troughs, parallel to each other, separated by a high with its own rift-valley. The gravimetric anomalies confirm this double feature, with the two observed gravimetric minimum corresponding to the two troughs of the fracture zone. These troughs separate a crustal block of approximately 40 km width. Based on gravimetric data it was possible to construct nine crustal sections of the fracture zone. They permitted to observe a thinning of the crust-mantle interface beneath the fracture walls. The interface crust-mantle that usually has a depth of 8-9 km, is only 5.5-6.0 km deep beneath the fracture walls with a crust thickness of about 2.0 km. The crustal thinning is caused by the ascent of mantle material. The hidrothermal alteration in the central trough of the fracture can be responsible for the minor crustal thinning observed in this part of the fracture zone. For the interpretation of the magnetic data was used a time scale of magnetic polarity between the Lower Cretaceous and Cenozoic and a spreading rate of the ocean floor of about 2.0 cm/year. For interpretation a thickness of 0.5 km was estimated for the basalt layer, which is responsible for the observed magnetic anomalies. lts thickness decreases in the fracture walls, being interrupted at the central trough fracture.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Interpretação quantitativa de anomalias gravimétricas ar-livre da margem continental norte brasileira, setor nordeste(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-10-12) CASTRO, David Lopes de; BISCHOFF, Jürgen H.Free-air gravity anomalies across continental margins of passive type present a general standard form. This form can be well explained by a distribution of simple horizontal two-dimensional discontinuities. An automatic process of random search was proposed for quantitative interpretation of the data. Using the method of flexible polyhedron (Simplex), the main parameters of the model were estimated, considering a convenient ration between number of points/number of parameters to be determined. The free-air gravity anomalies over the region of the continental slope can be explained by a single horizontal discontinuity (simple step) and, as the wavenumber domain has information about this anomaly, it was also proposed an iterative graphic procedure for the analysis of the amplitude spectral response for the anomalies. Applying the Fourier transform, it would possible to determine the depth and the off-set of this discontinuity, and, once these parameters are measured, the density is calculated. The basic aim for studying these procedures was to combine the two methods of interpretation in the space and wavenumber domains, in order to obtain a more constrained solution to the geological structure of the studied area. The two interpretative procedures discussed above were applied and their respective capacity of resolution were analysed, over the free-air gravity anomalies of profiles across the continental margin of northeast Brazil, covering the states of Maranhão to Rio Grande do Norte. The survey, called Project EQUANT I, LEG 1, was carried out during the period of August 27 to October 10, 1987, by the Oregon State University (OSU) using the oceanographic ship Prof. W. Besnard of the Oceanographic Institute of São Paulo University (USP). It was demostrated that the inversion done directly in the space domain is more favorable for the interpretation, even for typical anomalies, although the treatment in the spectral domain is relatively simpler.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Métodos sísmicos de refração e eletromagnético aplicados ao estudo de um paleocanal da Ilha do Marajó, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1983-12-22) GUIMARÃES, Pedro Penido Duarte; BISCHOFF, Jürgen H.Refraction seismic and electromagnetic methods have been applied in a experimental scale in the search for groundwater. The efficacy of both methods was verified with about 1.500 m of shallow refraction profiles for three-dimensional geometric delimitation of a paleo-channel in the natural grass land region of Marajó Island; and with an electromagnetic profile (Slingram technique) to detect lateral contacts of fresh and brackish water. The interpretation of seismic data was done using the time-intercept equations for n dipping layers, and the assistance of the geological control of two wells to circumvent problems due to non-detected layers. A low velocity (0,81 km/s) was obtained for the saturated silt-sand sediments filling the paleo-channel. Since the results lead into a velocity reversal in these sediments, the mapping of paleo-channels by refraction seismic is not advisable, unless using special field techniques (digital recording, up-hole survey, S-wave recording, simultaneous reflection,...). The electromagnetic data were analysed semi-quantitatively through a reduced model designed on the basis of apparent resistivities section. An Argand diagram, plotted with the laboratory data, aids in the determination of conductance in non-consolidated sediments similar to those found in Marajó. The use of electromagnetic methods for the lateral reconnaissance of fresh-brackish water zones is recommended since the high frequency (2640 Hz) quadrature component defines these areas with sufficient precision. The comparison between the results of both methods indicates that only a part of the paleo-channel can be considered an aquifer.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Um sistema de aquisição de dados magnetotelúricos usando um minicomputador(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1986-09-19) MARTÍNEZ, Maurício Miguel Martínez; BISCHOFF, Jürgen H.