Teses em Engenharia Elétrica (Doutorado) - PPGEE/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2317

O Doutorado Acadêmico inicio-se em 1998 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica (PPGEE) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e modelagem em larga escala para as frequências 8, 9, 10 e 11 ghz em ambientes indoor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-06) BATALHA, Iury da Silva; BARROS, Fabrício José Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9758585938727609; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
Within the context of studies related to radiopropagation, this work presents a proposal for large-scale modeling of propagation loss for 8, 9, 10 and 11 GHz bands in relation to the number of walls, distance and polarization. Measurement campaigns were conducted in the Annex II corridor and in a teaching laboratory located at the Federal University of Pará. The measurement campaign was performed using VV and HH co-polarized directional horn antennas and VH cross polarization nantennas in Line of Sight (LoS) and Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions, the transmitter was fixed within the environment with 0 dBm transmission with VV and HH antenna array and 15 dBm for VH. Directional antennas for transmitter and receiver with 29.3∘ elevation and 29∘ azimuth were used for frequencies 8, 9, 10 and 11 GHz. The Minium Mean Square Error (MMSE) technique was applied to determine the values of the equation parameters as: PLE , XPD, HHPD, and OPLE. The proposed propagation loss model presented satisfactory results compared to the measured data presenting a low standard deviation. A point-to-point standard deviation analysis is also presented within the two environments for the studied frequencies. For the corridor the standard deviation values using polarized V-V antennas were 7, 7.5, 5.6 and 5 dB, and for cross-polarized V-H antennas were 5, 6.2, 2.3 and 3.5 dB for studies frequencies. For the laboratory the values of standard deviation for polarized V-V antennas were 7, 7, 6.5 and 7.3 dB and for polarized H-H antennas were 9.3, 6.1, 6.1 and 6 dB. The polarization loss factor (XPD) presented in the extension of the CIX model for the corridor present values of 19.3, 28.7, 21.3 and 14.3 for the frequencies of 8, 9, 10 and 11 GHz, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Método de inversão para a obtenção dos parâmetros elétricos do solo para região amazônica baseado em medições e usando equações parabólicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-20) OLIVEIRA, Romulo Augusto Nascimento de; MAGNO, Fátima Nazaré Baraúna; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8466611553866661; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
In recent years, due to the rapid development of the technology of radio access digital such as TV Digital and digital audio broadcasting, accompanied by a strong demand for these types of services, it has become of great importance the study the electric field behavior generated by radio stations who will use these technologies as well as knowledge of electrical parameters involved, which are essential in determining of the stations coverage area. This work presents a methodology of inversion through weighted least squares to obtain the equivalent electrical parameters of the vegetation and soil of a typical Amazon forest region using the model based on the formalism of parabolic equations to calculate the electric field strength received by a mobile receiver contained within in this region. To validate this methodology, measurement campaigns were conducted in Benfica, Marituba and Barcarena, State of Pará. Since in Benfica and Marituba was used a frequency of 900 MHz and Barcarena was used the frequency of 1.8 GHz. For the three cities, the measuring system consisted of a laboratory fixed and a mobile station that has been set up to measure and store the instantaneous values of the received signal. The measurements were compared with computer simulations, and so it was possible to estimate the optimal values for the electrical conductivity and relative permittivity of the vegetation that cut the road access to the cities and of the highway soil through the proposed inversion methodology. It was also made a quantitative analysis of these parameters with the values found in the literature which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Finally, this work presents the results obtained with the inversion method for a rural region located in the center of Brazil, where it was found that the estimated values for soil electrical conductivity were very close to those shown in recent studies to the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem Cross-Layer da qualidade de experiência para transmissões de vídeo em sistemas sem fio OFDM
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) CASTRO, Bruno Souza Lyra; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
This work presents a study about video transmission in wireless systems. The applied methodology aims to prove the existence of a direct relationship between BER and quality loss (PSNR loss) on video streams in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division) systems. The results were obtained from simulations, developed in MatlabTM environment, and, measurements in real scenarios, held on university campus and inside the research laboratory in an controlled environment. From the comparison between simulated and measured data it was possible to prove the relationship between BER and PSNR loss, which led to the formulation of an empirical Cross-Layer Model with exponential characteristic. The modeling has obtained a RMS error and standard deviation close to 1.65 dB when compared to simulations. Moreover, its validation was performed from data obtained from real-world scenarios, which were not used to adjust the parameters of the proposed equation. This Cross-Layer model does not depend on the type of channel or coding in FEC (Forward Error Correction), allowing future integration with commercial or open-source network planning softwares.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelamento de sistemas móveis celulares em ambiente indoor usando equações parabólicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-07) MÁGNO, Fátima Nazaré Baraúna; COSTA, Jessé Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7294174204296739; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
The progress of the wireless digital communication system during the last years has been remarkable, and today is one of the fields with faster development. There is a growing search in propagation models that provide efficiency and accuracy. The study of the radio propagation in these environments is very important for the determination of the propagation losses in indoor environment, because any object with dimensions in the order of greatness inside of the range of mobile communication wavelength can act as an interference source for the electromagnetic waves. Two types of propagation models are very used for indoor environment: the empirics and the deterministic. The first ones are based on very simple and direct formulas, easy to apply, however they provide local-specific precision. The deterministic models follow propagation of electromagnetic waves physical principles - the most popular are the ray tracing and the numeric solution of the equations of Maxwell (elliptic equations and for approach, parabolic equations). In this work is proposed a model based on the method of parabolic equations, being considered narrow angles (up to 15°) and wide angles (up to 90°) of propagation. For the solution of the parabolic equation for small propagation angles, the implicit finite difference scheme of the Crank-Nicholson type was used; and for the solution of the equation that considers wide propagation angles the mixed Fourier Transforms was used. In order to validate the model proposed, measurement campaigns were carried out in frequencies of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz and the data obtained from these campaigns were compared to the model proposed in this work. Besides, the model in subject was also compared with some existent models in the literature. The results found in this work validate the method of parabolic equations as an important tool for the calculation of the propagation loss in indoor environment, once a great reduction of computational effort and quantity of necessary memory, when compared the other methods and a better result was observed for wide propagation angles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelamento de sistemas móveis celulares em ambiente semi-confinado e misto usando equações parabólicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-08) SOUZA, João Furtado de; COSTA, Jessé Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7294174204296739; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
In the last decades, the use of mobile telephone have become of great importance because of the growing on the use, this become its study very relevant to solve the problems brought from the increase of demand. In this Thesis, it is developed a model for the study of electromagnetic waves propagation loss, using the formalism of parabolic equation applied to mobile communication in an semi-confined and mixed environment. Crank-Nicolson’s finite differences schema is applied to calculate the parabolic equation (PE) solution. The fifteen degrees in the direction paraxial propagation and the complex refractive index were considered respectively. In other to validate the method a campaign of measurement was carried out in different cities in Para state. In Belém,at Braz de Aguiar Avenue, and in Benfica and Marituba, the frequency used was 900 MHz, and in Barcarena and Abaetetuba the frequency was 1,8 GHz. The results were validated by comparison between the simulations via Parabolic Equations and the measurements obtained at those environments. Besides that, the proposed model was compared with others models in the literature, and presented a good performance. An extension to the model was the consideration for angles in the paraxial direction up to 90º. In this case, was used the Fourier transform to solve the parabolic equation. The obtained results presented a good performance with improvement in the results for big angles up to 90°. The computational processing time using the formalism of EP is rather small.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo de rádio propagação em UHF para ambientes não homogêneos e climas distintos utilizando técnica de aprendizagem de máquina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-20) GOMES, Cristiane Ruiz; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
The digital TV broadcasts have greatly increased worldwide in recent years, especially in Brazil. The establishment and improvement of these transmission systems rely on models that take into account, among other factors, the geographical characteristics of the region, as these contribute to signal degradation. In Brazil, there is a great diversity of scenery and climates. For years several propagation models have been studied many for several frequency bands and types of paths. This thesis proposes an outdoor empirical radio propagation model for UHF band, which is used in digital TV. The proposed model estimates received power values can be applied to non-homogeneous paths and different climates, this latter presents innovative character for the UHF band. Different artificial intelligence techniques were chosen for theoretical and computational basis for having the ability to introduce, organize and describe quantitative and qualitative data quickly and efficiently, making it possible to determine the received power in a variety of settings and climates. The proposed model was applied to a city in the Amazon region with heterogeneous paths and wooded urban areas, fractions of freshwater among others. Measurement campaigns were conducted to obtain data signals from two digital TV stations in the metropolitan area of the city of Belém-Pará to model, compare and validate the model. The results are consistent. The model depicts a distinct difference between the two seasons of the studied year and small RMS errors for all cases studied. The validation of the model was based on the comparison with empirical and deterministic models.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Planejamento de redes de comunicação sem fio para ambiente indoor considerando os efeitos da polarização das antenas: abordagem baseada em medições
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-02) RODRIGUES, Josiane do Couto; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
A major application of electromagnetic waves, presently, in the area of telecommunications concern to links of wireless mobile systems. Be these terrestrial ones (indoor/outdoor) or via satellite, the designer of the telecommunications system must be able to determine the irradiate systems, the powers involved, the operation frequency of the system, the coverage area and the quality of service parameters. The planning of new wireless communications networks represents a great challenge to include advanced services with different quality requirements, the mobility support, high transmission rates and high traffic capacity. The several environments in which those networks operate and the associated phenomena produce several effects on the behavior of the received sign and, consequently, a variation in the performance of the communication link among the points of access to net and the users. Consequently, those effects should be appraised correctly, in such a way that the network dimensioning assists to the quality requirements regulated. The present work aims to establish a methodology for the planning of wireless networks for environments indoor, considering the parameters of the quality of services and the effects of the polarization of the antennas. An empiric model is proposed to determine the coverage area of that environment from an approach based in measurements. As a result of measurement campaigns, they were identified the main parameters that interfere in the losses in the propagation link. Standing out the materials involved in the environment as well as the polarization effects of the transmitter’s antennas, among others. Such effects, if evaluated correctly, they will allow to the planner’s net, in a critical way and with base in data obtained in field, to define the best parameters of configuration and project criteria for the implantation of a wireless mobile network. The measurements for determination of the covering parameters and of quality of services they were accomplished at the building of the Laboratório de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação and in the classes building of the Instituto de Tecnologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. The measurement campaigns were used some frequencies, chosen due to the importance of the services available: 2,4 GHz - local nets without thread (WLAN's); 3,5 GHz - licensed WiMAX; 5,85 GHz - free WiMAX and 10 GHz (9,8 to 10 GHz band is not yet regulated, 10 - 10,15 GHz Amateur radio band (Anatel resolution, No. 452/2006 - D.O.U. from 20.12.2006) or multimedia communications services (SCM) for broadband systems). The main results obtained with the proposed model were evaluated and compared with the main models of the literature and showed that the methodology adopted for the networks planning of wireless communications in indoor environment had a good performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Posicionamento otimo de estações rádio base do serviço móvel celular utilizando modelo de conhecimento discreto em propagação outdoor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-14) GOMES, Igor Ruiz; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
A good wireless network design depends on technical, financial and what criteria you want to meet. New technologies and services, such as transmission in 5G, and the reuse of frequencies, several new studies are being done to ensure the best project for a given area. This work presents a discrete radio propagation model that uses the K-nearest neighbors classifier. The model takes into account different attributes of an environment, the studied environment was in the dependencies of the Federal University of Pará (Pará-Brazil), representing a typically Amazonian environment. For design the model, measurement campaigns were carried out in three different frequencies: 521MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2600 MHz. The study of the fading in these frequencies was made to make a generalization of frequencies to include in the model. Two scenarios to optimize the positioning of the base stations under study were carried out. The proposed model was applied in some scenarios, showing the power received at each point, in addition, tests for frequency of 700 MHz were performed to show how good the polynomial obtained was in the generalization of the frequencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projeto e síntese de superfície seletiva de frequências para o padrão IEEE 802.15.3C via técnica de otimização híbrida multiobjetivo de alta precisão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-19) MOTA, Raimundo José Santos; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
Artficial Neural Networks (ANN) are inspired by the structure and functional aspects in biological neural networks. They are trained through mechanisms obtained from the physical properties of the processes involved, for example, electromagnetic waves. From the knowledge acquired through that experience and learning, they may be able to provide solutions for predicting users behavior and providing, within a region of interest, accurate strategy data for projects and sizing. Those who criticized the application of ANN acquired by nature-inspired algorithms, argued that the problems to be faced were usually without complexities, although the conventional methods that were proposed to solve these same problems were not eficient. Some spurious successes have occurred in certain well-behaved environments, but without_exibility when encountering diverse constraints. Adding to these developments, there is the evolutionary openness of computational tools, which has given extraordinary support for deepening techniques to solve and optimize previously unthought problems. In many optimization issues, the quality of a solution is defined by its performance against several conficting goals. Such coficting objectives cannot be signi_cantly reduced to a single value, for example using a weighted sum or other methodology, but must be considered independently of each other. To achieve accurate solutions with reduced computational costs and shorter processing times, we present the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA), as well as Bioinspired Computation (BIC). Combining the advantages of the classical algorithms, the Metaheuristic Algorithms emerged irreversibly. In many optimization problems, the quality of a solution is defined by its performance in relation to several, coficting objectives. Such conficting goals cannot be sensibly reduced to a single value using a weighted sum or another aggregate function, but rather they must be considered independently from each other. Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) are a natural answer of this kind of evolution. In this work is presented a hybrid bioinspired optimization technique that associates a General Regression Neural Network _ GRNN with the Multi-Objective Bat Algorithm _ MOBA, for the design and synthesis of the Frequency Selective Surfaces _ FSS, aiming its application in data communication systems by difusion of millimeter waves, speci_cally, in the IEEE 802:15:3c standard. The designed device consists of planar arrangements of metallizations (patches), diamond-shaped, arranged over a RO4003 substrate. The FSS proposed in this study presents an operation with ultra-wide band characteristics, its patch designed to cover the range of 40:0 GHz at 70:0 GHz, i.e., 30:0 GHz bandwidth and 60:0 GHz resonance. The upper and lower cuto_ frequencies, referring to the transmission coe_cients scattering matrix (dB), were obtained at the cuto_ threshold at -10dB, to control the bandwidth of the device.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Radio propagation model for mixed paths in Amazon environments for the UHF band
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-22) ERAS, Leslye Estefania Castro; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
The present work proposes a radio propagation model for the Amazon region called Mixed Path. The techniques used for Mixed Path model are Geometrical Optics (GO) and the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD). Only ten rays are considered the main contributors to calculate the total electric field. Increasing the number of rays does not improve the accuracy of Mixed Path model since the scenario is for receivers located in long distances. Then slope diffraction or multiple reflections means a low electric field that does not contribute significantly to the total electric field. The parameters of Mixed Path model such as electrical constants, antennas height, buildings height among others, are analyzed in order to know the influence of them in the received electric field. Measured data in the central frequency of 521 MHz of a Digital Television station in the city of Belem of Pará are used to validate Mixed Path model. This city is located in the Amazon region of Brazil and presents mixed routes formed by city, river, and forest. Because digital television has a wide coverage and reception flexibility, Mixed Path was designed for receivers at the user’s level for the service of Mobile Digital Television (M-DTV) and for fixed receivers on the rooftops of homes for Home digital television (H-DTV). Finally, the proposed model and other models in the literature are compared with the data measured for M-DTV, being Mixed Path the model with the lowest RMS error with a value of 3.15 dB for a receiver over the river behind the city and behind the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Síntese de superfícies seletivas de frequência para micro-ondas utilizando otimização multiobjetivo bioinspirada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-19) ALCÂNTARA NETO, Miércio Cardoso de; D'ASSUNCÃO, Adaildo Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4159638862269940; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
The evolution of computing has made possible substantial advances in research related to engineering and industrial projects. In these areas, the use of computational tools has been intensified for simulation and obtaining certain parameters of the project. However, the growing demand for precision and the gradual increase of the complexity of the structures and systems, results in a simulation process increasingly time-consuming, because the evaluation of a single criterion can consume several hours, as well as several days or even weeks. Therefore, a method that maximizes the time of simulation and optimization, can thus save time and money. In this context, bioinspired computing (BIC), presents accurate and efficient, where many traditional computational methods fail and consists of new mechanism to address such difficulties. Thus, in this work, a study about some of the algorithms used today for BIC design and optimization of general problems in engineering and industry. From now on, one sees develop a metaheuristic optimization code to provide lower-cost computational multiobjective and, consequently, less time for data processing. Initially, an electromagnetic research of frequency selective surfaces with triangular patch elements is done by computer simulations. The numerical analysis is carried out using a full-wave technique based on finite integrals implemented on commercial software performed for simulations in electromagnetism. The synthesis process consists of tuning the resonant frequency of the structures and the bandwidth according to the objectives in the cost function optimization algorithms. The modeling of structures is performed by an artificial neural network and optimization process is performed by meta-heuristics algorithms. The results obtained by these codes are compared to simulated ones by commercial software and measured. A good agreement between simulated and measured results was obtained, as well as a substantial reduction in the processing time of the structures. Finally, conclusions and proposals for further works are presented.

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