Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito - PPGD/ICJ

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3417

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito (PPGD) iniciou suas atividades em 1984 e integra o Instituto de Ciências Jurídicas (ICJ) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), que, por sua vez, se originou da Faculdade Livre de Direito do Pará, uma das mais antigas do país, fundada em 1902.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 16 de 16

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Além da racionalidade dogmática: uma tentativa de reeleitura do conceito de validade jurídica com base na hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) COSTA, Júlio César Sousa; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The present work deals with two major knowledge areas: Philosophy and Law. It results from a study aimed at approximating Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics and legal hermeneutics. This work results from trying to make a reflection on the concept of legal validity, seen as central to the dissertation calls "dogmatic rationality", based on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, with its influence on law, and that puts forward as a philosophical perspective of positivism inherent in overcoming the current law, what is constructed by a new designation of what is meant by legal interpretation. To perform this research, started from the understanding of the concept of legal validity from the analysis of the Hans Kelsen’s work, as the author of the representative legal positivist tradition in thinking that dealt with more acuity of that concept, and in contrast to that, too one seeks to make the analysis of that concept in the Robert Alexy’s work, as an example of what has been called today "post-positivism" – that is, in an attempt to overcome the still prevailing dogmatic rationality in interpreting right, at least in Brazil. The theoretical approach involved, besides the central Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical perspective, the search for authors who do an analysis of their assumptions. We tried to illustrate, though, such an application, through a possible reading of the expanded concept of the hermeneutic circle proposed by the author. After all, there was certain fundamental concepts of Gadamer’s philosophy – such as the hermeneutic circle, the tradition, the temporal distance, the “awareness of the effects of history” and the application as a way of understanding – are also usable for legal interpretation enabling a more thorough reflection on the way to renewed understanding of the law. It is therefore a qualitative study and exploratory nature, of which methodological procedures departed, especially about its literature.
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A ciência do direito como uma ciência humana: estudo sobre os fundamentos filosóficos e jurídicos do processo de autonomização epistemológica da Ciência do Direito de Hans Kelsen
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-29) MARTINS, Ricardo Evandro Santos; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The paper explains the philosophical foundations of the process of autonomization of the Hans Kelsen‟s Legal Science. The studies are focused on the debate about the epistemological foundation of the Human Sciences and how this influenced the Pure Theory of Law. The objectives are: a) investigate how the nineteenth-century debate about the epistemological foundation of the Human Sciences influenced the formulation of the kelsenian Legal Science; b) to study what are the legal and philosophical assumptions of the Kelsen‟s Pure Doctrine of Law c) to know what would have been the contributions of the Master of Vienna in this quest for reasons for give autonomy to Legal Science from Natural Sciences. Thus, the first Chapter discusses the Philosophical Positivism of August Comte and John Stuart Mill. The second Chapter introduces the movement of Neo-kantianism since Adolf Trendelenburg until the Marburg School. The third Chapter wants to know about the Philosophy of Wilhelm Dilthey and how He tried to make a "Critique of Historical Reason", as well as reasons for the Human Science comprehensive method. The fourth Chapter talks about the Neo-kantianism of the School of Baden, especially the Heinrich Rickert‟s Philosophy, explaining mainly the Principle of the worlds and The Principle for the concept-formation. The fifth Chapter deals with the formation of the tradition of legal positivism of the nineteenth century, especially the Germanic world. And finally, the sixth and last Chapter deals with the refutation by Kelsen to the Thesis of Gerber, Laband and Jellinek, and also, this finally chapter talks about the "the two methodological limits" of his Pure Doctrine of Law that, in the end, it can respond: yes, Kelsen did the Science of Law as Human Science, but not the same way as Rickert and other philosophers who discussed this topic since the nineteenth century. Kelsen was defending the idea of a Normative and Autonomous Legal Science that presupposes the postulate of axiological Relativism.
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Contributos hermenêutico-filosóficos para uma fundamentação ética dos direitos humanos: a epocalidade e o cotidiano sob o pensamento de Heidegger e Gadamer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-07-01) AROUCK, João Henrique Vasconcelos; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The present work develops some essential issues of philosophical hermeneutics as a way to fundament human rights in its ethical determination. The discussion is conducted as a hypothesis to face two problems: the representational model of the contemporary scientia juris and its methodologized way of interpretation may not fundament human rights in its proper reason of being. Still, as a consequence, these two problems might be seen as one of the causes to a “rational” but innocuous criticism about human rights as well. Therefore, the philosophical sense of the quotidian – of the “common” – is here discussed as a proper way to analyze the practical routine of law´s everyday interpreters as a pragmatic way to justify the need for human rights in a contemporary law practice. To discuss it, the thematic of intuition is here worked in its existential basis: so, in that way, human rights can be apologized as a substantive part of our intuitions about what is the most fair. Moreover, these fundamental rights can be even thought as a practical way to find out, normatively, the best right – the best law for our epoch. Heidegger leads us to investigate human rights as a necessary event for our time by its ethical significance. In other words: these rights constitute part of the movement of our being-with in its symbolic and suggestive significances. Gadamer help us to interpret that radical philosophical way by hermeneutic terms: to the law reality that idea can be seen as a re-turn to some lost concepts of our humanistic culture. With Gadamer we still can affirm that law is a practical “philosophy” in its most fundamental determinations. Therefore, the Greek disposition for the phronésis is, nowadays, a proper way to see human rights as an ethical manifestation for the best, for the most fundamental goods. Still through the philosophical hermeneutic ideas, we conclude the work with a more specific discussion about the relations between our intuitions, convictions and our pre-conceptual structure which determines the worldness of our concepts into Law´s social practice.
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Direitos humanos, alteridade e filosofia da libertação: a outra América Latina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-05) LOBO, Lívia Teixeira Moura; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The basic idea of the thesis is to persist in the study of otherness as an ethical foundation of human rights, but now reflecting how normativity based on otherness can contribute fundamentally to human rights. In introduction the fragility of human rights is presented, either because they are a field of veiled ethical disputes that forge violence, as because they are a field in which conflict generates debate and, consequently, critical thinking. Latin America, as the Other, acts in this debate claiming an alterity that the law tends to cover up. The otherness makes demands that the law does not know. The first chapter is dedicated to a literature review about human rights, indicating the porosity of this language to a new criticism. The modern origin and the subject's promise of emancipation contrast with the oppression carried out through the liberal morality that permeates these rights. At the same time, it is a language so widespread that it seems wasteful to direct efforts to another area, where the means to act, to claim morally and politically are not known. The second chapter will confront Levinas' otherness, in which the Other is absolutely Other in its metaphysical exteriority that impels the freedom of the passive Self. Dussel presents an interpellant Other, which suggests, attacks, provokes, becomes aware of his neglected alterity and goes on to the praxis of liberation. There is an independent performance in the Other of the philosophy of liberation, he does not need approval, his helplessness is fruitful, criticism develops from the negativity of the current totality. The positive and critical-negative ethical principles are presented as that which requires, in the abstract, a normativity based on otherness. The last chapter proposes to consolidate the reach of the general objective, addressing the basic distinction of the philosophy of Dussel and Levinas, and the emergence of that of the analytical method so the Other leaps into critical reflection as the source of all ethical transformation - it is about a metaphysical moment and the return to totality. The Politics, which houses the law as an institution, subsumes the ethical principles in a similar way, informing human rights primarily about its formal aspect of legitimacy, about its role as a claim language in the face of system corruption and about the constitutive intersubjectivity of the system. subject that holds them back, making the predicate consensus of the symmetrical discursive participation of those who form the political community more solid.
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A educação jurídica positivista e as diretrizes do ensino jurídico: currículo e prática pedagógica no curso de direito da UFPA no horizonte das competências e habilidades
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MORAES, Élcio Aláudio Silva de; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This thesis discusses the contemporary legal education from the perspective of the influence of the theoretical and methodological legacy of legal positivism on the organization of the law curriculum in Brazil. Specifically, it examines the political-pedagogical project of the UFPA law school and its curriculum, which is attached to theoretical dogmatism, clearly observed by the disciplines that follow the written law and by the unilateral pedagogy developed in class, predominantly based on lectures. The research focuses on the critical analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines of Legal Education, which opted for critical, reflective and humanists abilities and skills, in contrast with the UFPA political-pedagogical project of its law course, organized in the traditional sense, in which persist dogmatic pedagogical practices, the teaching as transmission of knowledge, as verbalization of a content that prioritizes the formal rules and procedures, and that forgot the learning for emancipation.
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A formação do direito como ciência positivista em Kelsen
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-29) ATALA, Danilo Pires; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The current dissertation aims at investigating the limits of scientific objectivity of Law, as positivist science, on the theoretical referential of the Pure Theory of Law of Hans Kelsen. The method is deductive-descriptive in bibliographical research. The scientific objectivity of modern science (cartesian) through the isolation of the cognitive object and the use of rigorous method as condition of the truth made fortune in all branches of knowledge and also in Law; which was re-created in the ambit of the res extensa as positive law science on the concept of civil law of Hobbes anchored in renunciation of part of freedom as a natural law. Kelsen employed this way of thinking the knowledge in Law aiming to give it scientificity; isolating its object that, for him, is the positive norm totally isolated from the moral and nature. Kelsen denies the natural law or the inherent freedoms of the human being as law, and he also denies that moral can provide a necessary condition of validity of the positive law. The scientific principle of Law as normative science is the imputation. The method of his theory is the linking of higher norm on the norm, that is born on presupposed basic norm devoid of any moral, political and/or religious content, that only meets reality at the time of application; embarrassing with effectiveness. Interpreting the norm law, for Kelsen, is to apply the norm law, which has two functions: the knowledge of the legal system that goes to the outer limits of the frame and the creative function of the judge to fill the frame, rejecting the thesis of the correct decision. At this creative step, the judge may know the spurious elements contained or not in pure norm, which are the moral, policy and/or religion as a way to mitigate the subjectivity; so subjectivity is an ideal that rejects solipsism, but it does not reach the scientific objectivity. The current dissertation reached the following classification: the decision is binding when the frame limits are narrow; the decision is discretionary when the frame is large and contains several possibilities; the decision is illegal when it is out of the frame; the decision is arbitrary when there is no frame; judicial activism occurs on the constitutional frame in the implementation of fundamental laws by the judiciary. The dissertation is concluded by affirming that the mobilization of spurious elements – in other words, the renegades by the purity of law - is the only possibility to mitigate the subjectivity and that the scientific objectivity of law science as a normative science, reaches only the outer limits of the frame.
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A gênese do culturalismo jurídico : a recepção crítica do positivismo pela escola do Recife – de Tobias Barreto a Miguel Reale
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) PAES, Alberto de Moraes Papaléo; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This research has as main objective to understand how the critical reception of Legal Positivism carried out by Recife’s School generated the legal-philosophical bases that overcame Legal Culturalism, and demarcated the genesis of the Brazilian legal identity. The work chose the following Guiding Questions: a) What sense will be used to understand the meaning of Legal Positivism? b) What can be understood by Recife’s School? c) What are the philosophical and legal bases that influence the creation of Legal Culturalism? d) What is Tobias Barreto de Menezes' thesis about Culturalism? e) What is Miguel Reale's thesis about Culturalism? We will start from three basic hypotheses: a) Legal Positivism, as stated by Morrison (2006), constitutes a number of orientations designed to understand Law as a knowable phenomenon based on data and scientific readings in modern times. Thus, our first hypothesis is that one of these guidelines, fractionated, contaminated by later interpretations, is the guidance that arrives in Brazil in response to Spirtual Eclecticism and Portuguese Natural Law, wich will mediate legal criticism in Brazil; b) Antônio Paim (1999) asserts that the Recife School constitutes the first major critical and innovative movement within Brazilian thought, with many authors conceptualizing it as an “outbreak of new ideas”, the death of metaphysics in Slyvio Romero's, Germanism in Tobias Barreto, that is, an ideal scenario for the flourishing of a philosophical-legal identity. Our second hypothesis is that the answer to the problems with the reception of Positivism in Brazil is the development of the Legal Culturalism thesis, finally; c) Tobias Barreto de Menezes is one of the exponents of Legal Culturalism, establishing the philosophical-legal premises of this theory. This tradition will be studied by several authors from Recife’s School and is continued in the following century with the fruitful contribution of Miguel Reale. Our third hypothesis is that in this debate, covered by current questions about the theory of law, lies the genesis of the Brazilian legal identity.
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Hermenêutica como diálogo e a redução da arbitrariedade judicial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) TAXI, Ricardo Araujo Dib; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This paper addresses the question of the degree of indeterminacy in interpretation and application of law. Based on the hermeneutical notion that understanding a general advance is always a creative act of deliberation, we seek to show that this deliberation has always included in it a margin of arbitrariness, which must, rather than be overcome or criticized, be understood from the concrete needs of the law, not by an alleged adequacy standards previously set. Thus, reducing the arbitrary proposal is not based on a previous theoretical framework to guide the "correct"interpretation, but from a notion of dialogical hermeneutics, in which legal arguments are no longer understood as a purely logical and abstract ideas and are always being evaluated against a case, in a dialectical relationship with the direct antagonistic theses, and especially with the tradition that is coming up through that interpretation.
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A hermenêutica dos direitos humanos e a diversidade cultural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-08) LOUREIRO, Viviany Almeida; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This paper assumes that human rights not yet acquired the desired universality, being necessary for both the meeting arrangements that make possible a global protection of the right to liberty, equality and fraternity expressed in legal texts as the Universal Declaration of Human humans. To do so presents an analysis of the context in which it appears the search for a code of standards valid worldwide and, with the overall context, emphasizes the prevailing multiculturalism, which is taken as the main factor to be taken into account in implementing this project. Given this reality are two proposals: the hermeneutics of analog-iconic Mauricio Beuchot criticism and hermeneutics Joaquín Herrera Flores, both committed to respecting the dignity and human diversity. The way ideas are developed that shows the meeting points are identified with the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer, as well as the thinking of many scholars of human rights in multicultural contexts. Such coincidences suggest the existence of a new trend hermeneutics grounded in consideration of tradition and historicity of the subject, upon redemption of Aristotelian ethics and practice of dialogue, which reveals in its structure an operation that resembles the game that involves the hermeneutic Gadamer's philosophical, understanding that grasps the truth of the artwork.
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Hermenêutica filosófica: um novo paradigma para a universalidade dos direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-07-01) LEITE, Ismael Lima; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The present work has its focus in the need to formulate a new pattern of universality towards Human Rights, in the sense of trying to build a truly global ethos, without any hegemonic or coactive presumptions, regularly used as a means to conform this kind of normalization, which rests under an abstract rationalism that isolates the individual from the world, or even canons of modern science’s methodology, poorly brought into humanities. To analyze Kant´s Solipsism and its formal aspects of deontological universality, which deny valorative dignity to tradition and create a cognitive individual divinity, as well as the epistemic intents of positivist’s reductionism logic on behalf of the occident’s and capitalism’s hegemony, as means of ideologic domination, making the mercantilist interests seen legitimate. These are challenges to be overcome by the ontologic and philosophical hermeneutics, which calls upon humankind onto its sense of finity, casting it into the world in order to, once in the world, remember the necessary friendship and solidarity, the only praxis capable of building an ethical sense for all humankind: live as if you were me.
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Lei e liberdade na ADPF 130: uma leitura da decisão a partir de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-27) MASCARENHAS, Diego Fonseca; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This thesis aims to analyze critically the judged case of ADPF 130 over the light of Hannah Arendt’s political thought, for this thesis leads the discussion of the meaning of reputable press in the promotion of freedom of expression, as it can make effective the principle of publicity in the public sphere. Arendt’s thought contributes to critically evaluate the rationality of the Brazilian Judiciary in the decision of ADPF 130 because Judiciary claims doubtfully that the press has a forming public opinion democratic role and that any law to regulate media activity implies an immediate falling into the risk of censorship. Chapter 1 summarizes the arguments proposed in the ADPF, in order to show that the votes of ministers are mostly based on general conceptions of liberalism and its consequences in the performance of the press in brazilian democracy. Then, the beginning of chapter 2 outlines the main characteristics of Arendt’s political thought in The Human Condition and in Origins of Totalitarianism. These descriptions were presented to place these works in the political tradition of western political thought, exposing the general contours of its political system, characterized by vita activa and doxa, by the function of the law and by the distinction between public and private domain. In its final part, chapter two analyzes the expressions of Arendt`s thought about the free speech and the meanings of ideal press in this situation. The aim is to test her political thought in practical elements, verifying its applicability in face of the concrete reality of the decision that revoked the press law. Chapter III puts Arendt's thought in the political tradition of the Western world. Arendt highlights when political freedom, manifested between the capacity and the will, dissociates, producing obstacles to the emergence of doxa in the acting in concert, among men. Thus, mistakenly, politics becomes, apparently, nothing more than an old truism to ensure freedom. In this context, it is understood that the press is conceived by the majority of the votes of the ministers, with the role of forming public opinion because, implicitly, they consider us living in a democracy where men do not participate effectively of public life.
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Partidos políticos, fidelidade obrigatória e coligações: as tensões pela titularidade do mandato eletivo no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-29) SILVA, José Renato de Oliveira; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The party loyalty as a condition for the exercise of elective offices in Brazil was expressed in the previous constitutional order, 1967, incorporated by Constitutional Amendment nº. 1, 1969. The present Federal Constitution of 1988, in turn, made no mention of such a requirement, so repeatedly by the Supreme Court, urged to speak out about the institute's survival, answered negatively, saying not find constitutional den loss of elective office by party affiliation. In 2007 the jurisprudential evolution has led to the opposite conclusion, initially by the Superior Electoral Court to answer to Consultations 1.398 and 1.407, and then by the Supreme Court to decide the Writs of Mandamus 26.602, 26.603 and 26.604. It is established then that the ownership of elective offices is of political parties, not the candidates elected for them, either through the majority system or the proportional system, and as a result was issued by the TSE Resolution 22.610/2007 disciplining loss mandate by party affiliation, despite there had been no constitutional or infra-constitutional change in this regard. In May 2015 the Supreme Court excluded from the mandatory party loyalty rule elected by the majority system (the Executive’s leaders and senators), again without there being any constitutional or infra mutation. Remained current rule regarding elected by proportional system. Only in September 2015 the National Congress approved and the President signed and has recently published Law No. 13,165, which finally came expressly provide for the loss of office by causeless party affiliation. This is another chapter, unfinished as it is still pending regulation by the TSE and especially the interpretation by the Supreme Court, a kind of political reform hitherto shaped by a moot judicial activism. The first line of research in this paper is whether the party loyalty as a requirement for the exercise of elective office, that of the primordial teleological rule that the endowment of this mandate is indeed the party, not the person elected, is not in contradiction with the possibility of several associations colligate, only temporarily and regardless of their ideologies, to contest a particular election in a situation that can possibly intended for office to come wander the diverse party, though connected. Another line of investigation is whether Brazilian courts would not be going beyond its constitutional mission and promoting a kind of judicialization politics to establish in 2007 the possibility of elective office loss by party infidelity, radically altering its established case law since the enactment of the Charter Policy 1988, and that to do so would compete without any legislative developments, let alone constitutional amendment. The method used is the bibliographic, based on historical research, law, doctrine and jurisprudence. The results pointed to the incompatibility of fidelity institutes and coalitions, as well as a growing judicial activism and consequent judicialization of politics by which spends Brazil.
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A prisão provisória em face da morosidade judicial e da razoável duração do processo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-11-26) PEREIRA, Débora Simões; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The following work analyzes the reality of Brazilian’s provisory arrests among a procedural context and the consecration of the basic right about the duration of the process. The judicial slowness is a part of the routine of anyone who deals with the judiciary power in Brazil. However, there is a relevant question at the current moment: What can we make with thousands of prisoners who depend on a jurisdictional reply, they are known as provisory imprisoned “permanents”? And what shall we do when the provisory arrests are being applied on a completely arbitrary form, respecting no criterion, except the inexact idea of the term “public order”? Processes last for many years, perhaps decades, while these citizens are forgotten inside prisons and the constitutionals rights are completely violated, as well the reasonable duration of the legal process and the freedom of go and come. An analysis was made to know which kind of stigma these prisoners carry, more specifically imprisoned, as well as the damages that appear when this kind of arrest happen. Nowadays it is condemned, before to judge, to segregate in any kind of manner these women of the familiar and social conviviality.
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A questão da superveniência do direito no Marxismo jurídico brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-20) SOUZA, Nathalia Karollin Cunha Peixoto de; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
Having found two general opposing poles of Brazilian legal Marxist theory, we sought to analyze which of these two positions had a greater consonance with the theory developed by Marx. In this respect, the two divergent groups of Brazilian thought diverged under one fundamental aspect: law's superposition or not over capitalism. If the greater divergence between the two groups is the matter of whether or not law is supervening, or, what amounts to the same, if the greatest divergence between them is the question of whether or not the legal form is specific, we can conclude as a consequence that the touchstone of legal Marxist analysis boils down to whether Marx's theoretical work goes either along the lines of assigning an instrumental revolutionary role to law or, on the contrary, if Marx had actually attributed a conservative role to Bourgeois order to the legal form. As a response to the problem, after the analysis of Marx's work, it was possible to conclude that law is a social form that arose pari passu to the birth of the universal circulation of goods; The universal circulation of commodities, in turn, only became possible with the capitalist mode of production; Therefore, law was only possible with the establishment of capitalism. In this sense, it becomes possible to deduce that law is a specificity of the bourgeois system. In this way, the thesis of law's non-superposition has been confirmed. Communist right is, given these conclusions, unthinkable. Finally, as representatives of these two groups of opposing views on the theme of Marxism and law in Brazil, we opted to analyze the work of Lyra Filho, as a representative of the position in defense of the thesis of the superposition of law, as well as opting to study, as representatives of the opposing group, the works of Naves, Mascaro and Kashiura Jr.
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Sloterdijk e o antropoceno: micropolíticas para a agenda civilizatória
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-10) RODRIGUES, Bráulio Marques; MATOS, Saulo Monteiro M. de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1755999011402142; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
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Terras tradicionalmente ocupadas por índios: fundamentos para uma aplicação limitada da Súmula 650 do STF
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SILVA, Maria Eliza Nogueira da; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque
The pluralism is a mark of the contemporary democracy and the Constitution of 1988 represented an important progress in the protection of the diversities in Brazil, consecrating the multiplicity of ideas, cultures and ethnic groups, and presupposing the dialogue between opinions and divergent thoughts. In this context, the indigenous people acquired the right of have its culture recognized, in other words, their ethnic-cultural specificities were respected, guaranteeing them the right to be and to remain as Indians. The delimitation and the protection of an appropriate territorial space for the different indigenous people are considered as an essential condition for the physical and cultural survival of those groups. The present work intends, then, to analyze the interpretation adopted by Federal Supreme Court of Brazil (Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF) in a document named Súmula 650, concerning the term "Native Lands" (Federal Constitutions of Brazil/1988 art. 231, §§ 1st and 2nd), in way to understand its reach and application limits. For this, initially, the itinerary of the concept was rebuilt on STF, analyzing the decisions concerning this subject. The initial landmark of this discussion is the document named Súmula 480 and his precedents, and the end is the Súmula 650, including the analysis of the cases that it conformed. As a result, was verified, that in the decisions before Súmula 650, the Court moved away from the civil concept of possession to contemplate a concept of native possession, in which the present time can be secondary, faced with evidences that attest the traditional occupation. From the precedents analysis of the Súmula 650, was verified that the judgment involved a specific historical context, in which the native people were extinct. On the other hand, generalizing arguments has been used and if they are indiscriminately applied they are supposed to cause serious damages to the native territorial rights, especially related to the restitution of traditional lands. From the results, it is possible to conclude that the Title of the Súmula 650 cannot be applied in generalized way, it must be presented as ground for an application limited to the facts related and historicity of the concrete case; the Convention 169 of the OIT and orientation of the “Agenda 21”; and the other interpretations from STF about the term "Native Lands".

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