BDTD - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2289

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPA (BDTD). Sistema Eletrônico de Teses e Dissertações (TEDE). Projeto BDTD/UFPA e Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do programa municípios verdes na perspectiva da gestão ambiental e do impacto sobre o controle do desmatamento no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-24) CASTELO, Thiago Bandeira; SANTOS , Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
The State of Pará is the second largest state in the Legal Amazon, with vast biodiversity and large areas of natural forest. These conditions have attracted, over the years, actors interested in exploiting their natural wealth through the opening of areas over the forests with disorderly logging for livestock and agricultural crops, as well as the execution of energy ventures. Thus, as exponentially increasing deforestation rates in the 2000s, government actions prevailed through programs and political projects to combat deforestation. Within the context of the policies, the Programa Municípios Verdes (PMV), which since 2011 has sought to support the environmental management of the municipalities of Pará through punitive and educational measures to farmers, in addition to setting goals for controlling deforestation in the territories covered by the program. Two extremes exist for the municipalities participating in the program. On the one hand, there are the “Embargados” municipalities with high deforestation rates and, consequently, restrictions on trade and agricultural production. On the other hand, there are controlled or monitored “verdes” municipalities that meet PMV goals. Considering deforestation as a phenomenon of strong impact on the environment, the research sought to understand and estimate the impact of the program on deforestation control in green municipalities, thus defining the effectiveness of the policy in achieving its objectives. Understanding if, in fact, the municipalities listed as “verdes” control deforestation in their areas is fundamental for the improvement of the actions of the State of Pará government. Control of deforestation involves adequate environmental management and recovery of forest areas. Thus, we tested empirically through robust assessment techniques and methods, the contribution of environmental management and the impact of PMV on the recovery of forest areas, estimated by the forest preservation index. The research was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) in the promotion of the research grant by the programa de Demanda Social - DS and the Centro Regional da Amazônia (CRA) linked to the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) in assignment of physical structure and technical support in the processing of forest monitoring data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da cobertura florestal a partir de análises realizadas em áreas de extração seletiva de madeira no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) ROCHA, Nívia Cristina Vieira; GALBRAITH, David; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2145475131329843; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The selective logging in the Amazon region is an activity that holds relevance in social, economic, and environmental aspects. In many cases, this is considered a low environmental impact activity in the forests when compared to deforestation. This research assessed canopy opening in selectively logged areas in Eastern Amazon over different years with reduced impact. Detailed monitoring was conducted in these areas using both hemispherical images and orbital images to evaluate the persistence of impacts over time. Hemispherical photographs were used to measure canopy opening and provide a high-resolution assessment of the logged areas. This study also utilized images obtained from Landsat, Sentinel, and Planet satellites. Spectral Mixture Analysis and enhancement techniques were applied to these orbital images to detect canopy opening impacts caused by selective logging. Hemispherical images revealed that even 17 years after the logging activities ceased, the impacts caused by selective logging were still discernible. Meanwhile, orbital images allowed for the identification of logging at different time intervals depending on their respective resolutions. From the results, this study highlights the importance of the combined use of hemispherical and satellite images to monitor the effects of selective logging over time in the Amazon. This enables a more comprehensive understanding of forest dynamics, the persistence of impacts, and the importance of continuous monitoring in logged areas to assess long-term effects and adopt sustainable management strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra em áreas do formações não florestais/PRODES no Sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-28) SOUZA, Larisse Fernanda Pereira de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The Amazonian savannas are extremely important for the conservation of biodiversity, being composed of vegetation communities of numerous endemic species. However, the Amazonian savannas are poorly studied. Forest areas of the Amazon have been monitored since 1988 when the Amazon Monitoring and Deforestation Project (PRODES) was created to obtain annual gross deforestation rates of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. However, PRODES does not monitor non-forest areas (NF) within the Amazon biome, restricting information about nonforest formations, their environmental diversity and degree of anthropization. Thus, the general objective of this work is to analyze the landscape dynamics in non-forest formation areas in the periods of 2000, 2015 and 2020. This research has as an area of analysis an area of NF (Amazon-Cerrado transition ecotone) located in the municipalities. of Rio Maria, Redemption, Araguaia Forest, Conceição do Araguaia, Santa Maria das Barreiras, Pau D'arco and Santana do Araguaia, southeast region of Pará State, area of recent settlement process. To perform LULC mapping of the land, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used. It is a catalog of ready-made analytics data with a high performance, intrinsically parallel computing service. When analyzing the results by thematic class, it was observed that the Savannah Park, Agriculture and Others classes presented a higher agreement 90%. The Pasture and Savannah Wooded classes had lower agreement, with 80%. The classes that represented the highest intensity of omission were Wooded Savannah with 10% and Other 7%. Inclusion, had the highest values in the pasture with 13% and Agriculture or Pasture 7%. The overall accuracy of this mapping was 86%. The GEE platform proved to be efficient and agile, which allowed several sorting attempts to be made in the shortest time until the best possible result was achieved with excellent validation results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra em imóveis rurais sob conflito agrário no Estado do Pará, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-27) SARAIVA, Gisele de Souza; SANTOS JÚNIOR, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9355107718329833; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover and its relation to the presence of litigation in the rural areas, subject to possessory actions of the Land Judge of the Castanhal Region of the Court of Justice of the State of Pará. For this, we have mapped 144 processes (properties), from their cartographic data, and analyzed the situations and procedural characteristics. Then, the land use classes observed in these properties were quantified in the period from 2004 to 2014, based on data from the TERRACLASS / PRODES project. In addition, the dynamics of land use transition were analyzed. Finally, it was also related the types of use mapped with the presence or not of the conflict by the ownership of the land. The main methodologies used were the transition matrix technique and the ANOVA statistic. The results showed that, in the analyzed properties, the predominant classes of land use were Forest, Secondary Vegetation and Pasture. The Forest class accounted for about 70% of the landscape in the mapped areas. And, around 95% of this forested area remained unchanged throughout the study period, although deforestation of approximately 25,000 hectares was recorded. In the deforested areas, 43% were converted to pasture and 34% to secondary vegetation. The Annual Agriculture class increased from 44.65 ha in 2004 to 8,027.19 ha in 2014, of which 80% came from grazing. About 24% of the increment of pasture area came from forest in 2014. In addition, there was a progressive increase of urbanization in these rural properties. The relationship between the presence of judicial agrarian litigation showed that there was an effect of the group (rural properties with and without agrarian conflict) on the classes of land use and land cover, so that at least one of the groups is statistically different. Thus, for the Agriculture (Ag) and Other (Or) use classes there was a statistical difference between the groups, whereas for Forest (Fl) and secondary vegetation (SV) there was no.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra em imóveis rurais sob conflito agrário no Estado do Pará, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-27) SARAIVA, Gisele de Souza; SANTOS JUNIOR, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover and its relation to the presence of litigation in the rural areas, subject to possessory actions of the Land Judge of the Castanhal Region of the Court of Justice of the State of Pará. For this, we have mapped 144 processes (properties), from their cartographic data, and analyzed the situations and procedural characteristics. Then, the land use classes observed in these properties were quantified in the period from 2004 to 2014, based on data from the TERRACLASS / PRODES project. In addition, the dynamics of land use transition were analyzed. Finally, it was also related the types of use mapped with the presence or not of the conflict by the ownership of the land. The main methodologies used were the transition matrix technique and the ANOVA statistic. The results showed that, in the analyzed properties, the predominant classes of land use were Forest, Secondary Vegetation and Pasture. The Forest class accounted for about 70% of the landscape in the mapped areas. And, around 95% of this forested area remained unchanged throughout the study period, although deforestation of approximately 25,000 hectares was recorded. In the deforested areas, 43% were converted to pasture and 34% to secondary vegetation. The Annual Agriculture class increased from 44.65 ha in 2004 to 8,027.19 ha in 2014, of which 80% came from grazing. About 24% of the increment of pasture area came from forest in 2014. In addition, there was a progressive increase of urbanization in these rural properties. The relationship between the presence of judicial agrarian litigation showed that there was an effect of the group (rural properties with and without agrarian conflict) on the classes of land use and land cover, so that at least one of the groups is statistically different. Thus, for the Agriculture (Ag) and Other (Or) use classes there was a statistical difference between the groups, whereas for Forest (Fl) and secondary vegetation (SV) there was no.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efetividade das políticas públicas de comando e controle em áreas embargadas por desmatamento ilegal na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-31) SILVA, Verissimo Cesar Sousa da; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The pace of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon began to slow dramatically in the mid-2000s, reducing to 4,571 km² in 2012, but this deforestation has tended to increase from 2013 onwards, registering a value of 5,891 km² and reaching, in 2021 , an area of 13,235 km². Although several procedures have been employed to curb illegal deforestation, the public policy that prevails is command and control environmental inspection actions. A major factor that enhances the feeling of disregard for acts harmful to the environment is the total disrespect for the deforested areas that were embargoed and that continue to carry out activities. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the situation of 1,289 polygons in areas embargoed for illegal deforestation in the Amazon in the period from 2008 to 2017 and to know the determining factors that led to (non)compliance with the embargoes. For this, remote sensing techniques were used to identify the different uses and land cover (agriculture, pasture and regeneration) in the embargoed polygons. As a result, it was identified that, of the 1,289 embargoes analyzed, 1,025 (69.2% of the total area) were converted to pasture in 2019, for agriculture 95 embargoes were found equivalent to 17.7% of the entire embargo area . This means that 86.9% of the area is disrespecting the embargo legislation. The variables that were significant in relation to non-compliance were Property Size and CAR Presence, while the variables that maintained a relationship with embargo compliance were Municipal Embargoes, Elevation and Priority Municipalities. It is concluded that, although there are inspection and monitoring actions, it is still very timid to reach the true objective that does not restrict only prosecuting and embargoing areas, but rather, the formulation of actions that develop integrated systems and monitoring to accompany these areas, in order to to verify that environmental laws are being complied with.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativas de biomassa e carbono em áreas de vegetação secundária no território paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06-29) OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Luis Augusto Lima; KELLER, Michael Maier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1869582564376606; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
Land use dynamics is a very intense process in the Amazon landscape because forest areas are constantly targets of deforestation, often illegal, which compromises the environmental balance of this ecosystem. In this context, a widespread element in the region's landscape is secondary vegetation (SV). The SV appears after a disturbance and can evolve and reach the characteristics close to a primary forest. This work aims to generate above-ground biomass and carbon estimates for the SV areas in the State of Pará for 2014. The methodology uses the variable GSDY (Growing-Season Degree-Years), calculated by SV age (TerraClass), temperature, and precipitation. The variable GSDY is part of a model proposed by Johnson et al. (2000) and Zarin et al. (2001), which generates above-ground biomass and carbon estimates. VS was classified into five classes according to its age. More than 6.9 million hectares of VS were mapped in the State of Para, representing more than two billion tons (t) of biomass (one million t of carbon) contained in VS. More than 2.8 million hectares of VS were vulnerable in 2014 because of SEMAS – PA Normative Instruction that enables cleaning these areas five years old or less (except those protected by law), with no environmental authorization needed. The SV loss could represent a considerable carbon emission to the atmosphere and massive damage to this region's balance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoques de carbono resultantes de mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo e sua relação com os indicadores socioeconômicos nos municípios de Paragominas e Ulianópolis, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) SOUSA, Larissa Melo de; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
The land use land cover change are pointed out by several studies to cause environmental damage, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere The objective of this study is to relate the socio-economic indicators and carbon emissions with the different land use land cover change in the municipalities of Paragominas and Ulianópolis for the years 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2012. For this, they were certain areas according to each class of use and land cover and the mean of the stock of Above Ground Biomass (AGB) for each of the classes of use and land cover provided by TerraClass Project for 2004. Subsequently were quantified CO2 emissions associated with land use land cover change cover. In addition, the socioeconomic data were related to estimates of carbon. The results indicate that much of the forest area was converted to the classes of agriculture and pasture. The total carbon stored above ground, between the period 2004 to 2012 ranged from 163 x106 Mg C to 161 x106 Mg C Mg C in Paragominas and de 31 x106 Mg C to 29 x106 Mg C in Ulianópolis. The net CO2 emissions between the period 2004 to 2012 amounted to 5.8x106 Mg CO2 to Paragominas and 7.4 x106 Mg CO2 to Ulianópolis. In Ulianópolis it was observed a moderete linear relationship between socioeconomic indicators and carbon stocks, while in Paragominas, there was no linear correlation. The conclusion is that the dynamics of use and land cover classes are based on agriculture and livestock as variables in the economic matrix of the municipalities. The carbon stock in the municipalities has decreased due to reduction of forest areas and the advancement of areas of annual agriculture and clean pasture, so the study area is negatively contributing to the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Land use land cover change has positive effects on the socio-economic indicators, but increase carbon emissions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do albedo da palma de óleo em comparação a diferentes usos e cobertura do solo no leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-26) CAMPOS, Mayara Soares; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
The advance of the agricultural frontier in the Amazon region has been continuous in these recent years, especially in the eastern Amazon with the expansion of oil palm cultivation, which has caused many changes in the land cover of the region. In this way, considering the need to understand the response of the oil palm culture to changes in the surface albedo, this study aims to assess the albedo fluctuations in oil palm cultivation area. In order to do this, we compared the albedo values observed by a micrometeorological tower with those estimated from orbital data, based on the products of Landsat 8/OLI and Terra/MODIS satellites. The oil palm albedo was also compared with the albedo of others land use and land cover as pasture, forest and secondary vegetation. This analysis showed that the values observed in situ (non-imaging sensor) for the oil palm cultivation are statistically the same as those estimated by the two orbital sensors (imaging sensor) and they ranged from 0.14 to 0.15 in the dry season. The results also showed a good agreement between the albedo estimated by the orbital sensors. Moreover, the evaluation of the similarity between the other types of uses and coverings in relation to the surface albedo were significantly different from each other, which present the following pattern: Pasture > Oil Palm > Secondary vegetation > Forest. This result suggests that conversions from one land cover to another can influence the radiation balance on the surface and thereby trigger climate change. These information presented in this research can contributes to better understand the albedo fluctuation values of oil palm surface and other land covers in a satisfactory way and can also contribute with information for possible parameterizations of climate simulations models and environmental impacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos das mudanças climáticas na biomassa florestal Amazônica: Previsão de perda e estratégias de conservação prioritárias para o potencial de biomassa sob as mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-25) CAMPOS, Mayara Soares; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The study addresses the influence of climate change on Aboveground Biomass (AGB) in the Amazon, examining both reduction forecasts and potential increases under different climate scenarios until the end of the century. Using AGB data (GEDI) and climate variables from Global Circulation Models (GCM‘s) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP‘s), the research employs Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to explore spatial patterns of AGB distribution. The results point to a significant decline in AGB, with estimated reductions ranging from 14.2% to 32.1%, where the average vegetation density could drop to 177.61 Mg/ha-1 by 2040 and 140.43 Mg/ha-1 by 2100, indicating a decrease in the forest's carbon sequestration capacity, especially in the northeast, central-east, west, and south regions of the Amazon. Conversely, potential AGB gains were identified in specific areas of the Brazilian Amazon, mainly in the northwest and southeast regions, covering the Negro, Xingu, and Tapajós river basins, under both future scenarios. Indigenous Lands (TI‘s) emerge as crucial for conservation, exhibiting greater AGB gains in both scenarios analyzed. This study underscores the importance of mitigation strategies and the role of protected areas in maintaining Amazon resilience in the face of future climate adversities. By highlighting areas of potential AGB increase, it emphasizes the significance of preserving and valuing protected areas and TI‘s as fundamental strategies to address environmental and climate challenges. This approach not only focuses on mitigating AGB loss but also recognizes the potential of specific regions to positively contribute to Amazon resilience amid future climate changes. Therefore, this study is of great importance for both science and public policy formulations, as it provides an analysis of the impact of AGB climate change in the Amazon, essential in the carbon cycle and, by extension, in mitigating global climate change. By identifying vulnerable regions and those with potential AGB increase, it highlights the urgency of targeted conservation strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pecuária e sustentabilidade: uma análise da produção de gado de corte em propriedades rurais no município de Paragominas, Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-29) AGUIAR, Andrea Farias do Nascimento; REBELLO, Fabrício Khoury; lattes.cnpq.br/8656930211054464; ADAMI, Marcos; lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
Regulatory guidelines have in their policies the planning tool and transmutation of productive realities in man-environment relationship, making the market of the agricultural sector increasingly competitive and demanding as to reduce the impacts on climate, environment and society. The multiplicity of aspects involved delineate the transition to more sustainable production systems and dictate the pace of these changes. They also expose deep-rooted cultural traditions, technical and administrative deficiencies where individuals become synonymous with potentiation of economic matrix at the expense of social and environmental. Even before these contrasts the meaning of sustainability has been trivialized and used the favorable adjectives of agricultural production, whose practical realities in a broader context, not justify the positivism of marketing strategies. This case study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of beef cattle developed in properties located Paragominas, one of the Green Counties of Pará state. To this end, visits were undertaken in 17 properties taken as a reference in the region, of which collected productive, economic, social and environmental data with the help of special forms to characterize the producer profiles and landenvironmental production and properties. From the set of data indicators have been calculated, and established conformity in relation to the new sustainable guidelines based on Sustainable Livestock Working Group Criteria, chosen for its specificity and breadth policy. Both of them have been tabulated according to the categorized production systems. Emissions in GHGs and impacts on water resources were also estimated and perceptions of the main actors of the local livestock value chain recorded. The Barometer of Sustainability was the method of assessment used in both production level systems as the governing context. GHG emissions and impacts on water resources were calculated based on the methodology of the IPCC and Pereira (2012), respectively. The results showed that for the specific context of the production systems there was a concentration of properties ranging from the intermediate levels and potentially unsustainable. Increased the accuracy analysis for SFWG criteria, there was a downward migration to potentially unsustainable, and unsustainable levels, demonstrating the transience of any favorable status. Indicators of low productivity, profitability, costs efficiency, support of pasture capacity, recovery and job satisfaction were presented as recurring vulnerabilities in all systems analyzed. The environmental impacts demonstrate is proportional to the scale of production, coupled with the paradox that certain properties are fulfilling their social functions. The weak cohesion between the local livestock value chain agents is compounded by deficiencies of administration preventing the spread and consolidation of successful examples, as well as open space for practices focused on small groups of interests. Supported strategies for public-private partnerships, quality technical assistance and investments in Science, Technology and Innovation were recommended to overcome the specific disadvantages.

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