Teses em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia (Doutorado) - PRODERNA/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4045
O Doutorado Acadêmico inicou-se em 2006 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia (PRODERNA) do Instituto de Tecnologia da UFPA (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Navegando Teses em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia (Doutorado) - PRODERNA/ITEC por Orientadores "BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aço inoxidável nanoestruturado produzido via soldagem a arco elétrico.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-08) LOAYZA, Cristhian Ricardo; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500Manufacturing methods of nanostructured stainless-steel composites (NSSC) have not yet been developed with industrial applicability. To overcome this shortage, the possibility of incorporating nanoparticles by electric arc welding was investigated, using a tubular rod filled with nanostructured flux composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 304L stainless steel particles. This flux was manufactured by two different methods: mechanical alloying (MA) and chemical treatment (CT) with hydrogen peroxide. The second showed more promising results using control of kinetic parameters of time and temperature, obtaining a lower degree of amorphous carbon, impurities, and crystalline defects, increasing their crystallinity and interaction of the nanotubes with the metallic matrix. MWCNT incorporation decreased the grain size by 64% when compared to the stainless-steel coating, possessing an austenitic matrix with carbide precipitation in the interdendritic spaces and grain boundaries. The microhardness increased 45% and the rate of erosion by vibratory cavitation decreased 64%, in relation to the AISI 304L coating. Additionally, XRD analyses showed a reduction of the γ{200} phase and a growth of γ{111} after the cavitation process. The method of manufacture of the nanocomposites proved to be economically viable and with the possibility of immediate application on a large scale.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise das distorções e tensões residuais em painéis enrijecidos soldados com FCAW robotizado e CW-FCAW(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-22) RODRIGUES, Lino Alberto Soares; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500Once the influence of welding imperfections in the form of distortions and residual stresses on the resistance of stiffened panels has been proven, monitoring the levels of these imperfections becomes a safety criterion, in view of the uncertainty of the real resistance losses of the panel, without having to measure the magnitudes of these welding imperfections. Thus, this work deals with the measurement of distortion levels and residual stresses by X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic birefringence in stiffened panels. First, the best of three welding sequences were selected using robotic FCAW welding. Sequence 03 showed distortion levels up to 10 times less and a residual stress level closer to neutrality (±100 MPa) compared to sequences 01 and 02. Then, using sequence 03, panels were welded using the CW-FCAW process with 40% cold wire and welding speeds of 100 m/min and 120 m/min. The results showed that the percentage of cold wire with high welding speeds did not reduce distortions, but influenced the level of residual stresses, leading to stresses closer to the neutral line (±100 MPa) on average.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise microestrutural e de propriedades mecânicas de revestimentos soldados por SAW e GMAW-CW(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01) CARVALHO, Márcio Corrêa; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500Welded deposited overlays have been widely used in various areas of the mining industry reltaed to wear. The welding processes as Metal Inert/Active Gas (MIG/MAG) or Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding with Cold Wire (GMAW-CW) and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) have been studied focusing on the application of wear resistant overlay's. The use of processes with high productivity and exibility that allow changes in chemical composition as SAW is viable, and promising in the case of GMAW-CW. The present study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of wear resistant overlays obtained by the SAW and GMAW-CW processes on primary chromium carbides overlay's (CCO's) and ferritic second phase overlays (Fe-SF). Conventional techniques of structural characterization as optical microscopy and optical emisson spectroscopy (OES) and advanced as X ray di raction (XRD) and electron backscatter di raction (EBSD), identied the main phase and defect formation mechanisms in these overlays. Characterization techniques of mechanical property such as microhardness and unconventional as the compact impact abrasion test (CIAT), were also presented as important tools, in the study of welded deposited wear resistant overlays. The Fe-SF and CCO showed an increase in mass loss over time CIAT testing. The CCO had the lowest mass loss rate, 48.1 % less than the Fe-SF higher cold wire rate (rAF) and 61.4 % less than the Fe-SF lower rAF. The mass loss rate raised as rAF increased. The mass loss rate for Fe-SF lower rAF is 34.6 % higher than the largest rAF Fe-SF. The mass loss rate compared to rAF, behaved in an inverse manner with respect to hardness, i.e. the higher the hardness the lower mass loss rate.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Custo de oportunidade (trade-off) para diferentes estratégias de manutenção de trilhos ferroviários na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-22) CURCINO, Gabrielle dos Anjos; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500The emergency maintenance of railway assets in the Brazilian Amazon has generated revenue losses and opportunity costs. The general objective of this study was to identify the importance of opportunity cost in decision-making for corrective and preventive maintenance strategies. The methodology proposed the modeling of the variables referring to the economic and operational data of railway maintenance in the last ten years, by non-parametric Gradient Boosting Regression Tree machine learning, and hybridizing it with the analysis of the opportunity cost for the trade-off decision making of an ore railroad in the Brazilian Amazon. The results showed that the GBDT was efficient in fitting the training data with r2 equal to one. Similarly, the test data presented satisfactory r2 values, close to one, where the degree of importance of the independent variables in the prediction of the dependent variables was obtained. Pearson's method was used to construct the correlation matrix for each pair of variables. From the generated model, eight forecast groups were created for the year 2022. Then, conflict levels were established, suggested by the economic literature, between the forecast scenarios, where the opportunity cost was identified among the alternatives with the best benefit to maintenance strategies. In this way, the opportunity cost combined with machine learning serves as an instrument to help companies in the search for better maintenance decisions, which contributes to the improvement of rail asset management.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento de ligas de alumínio nanoestruturadas para a utilização em cabos elétricos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-15) PRAZERES, Emerson Rodrigues; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500Aluminum nanocomposites demonstrate the ability to improve mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity. For aluminum, the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NTCPM) using conventional melting methods is an old problem, due to disintegration of the walls of carbon nanotubes when subjected to high temperatures. In this study, aluminum nanocomposites were manufactured by the conventional casting method, using stainless steel powder (304LSS), nanostructured silicon and nickel. The carbon nanotubes were treated with hydrogen peroxide, allowing adhesion by polar interaction with the particles of the metallic powders. The nanostructured compounds were added to the aluminum matrix by means of conventional casting. After obtaining the material as a melt, it went through the machining process to a diameter of 18.5 mm and then through the cold working process until a diameter of 3.0 mm was obtained. The alloys were characterized mechanically through tensile and microhardness tests, electrically through electrical resistance tests, using a 2-point kelvin bridge, and structurally through macrostructure and microstructure analyses. The 304LSS powder added alloying elements, refined the grains and the NTC improved electrical conductor performance, with electrical conductivity gains in the range of 10%. Associates associated with carbon-associated components not linked to chains of protein chains are compounds of carbon, associated with proteins, aggregates, associated with carbon, associated with proteins, associated with significant proteins in the LRT. The alloys with Ni and carbon nanotubes contributed to significant gains in electrical conductivity and LRT, with the alloy with 2% nickel and 0.1% NTC showing gains of approximately 8% in electrical and mechanical properties. Nanostructured alloys were also superior in terms of electrical and mechanical properties than commercial alloys.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo da resistência à corrosão de soldas de ferro fundido branco alto cromo na presença de NaOH (30% p.p)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-03) SANTOS, Renata Soraia Guimarães dos; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-7592In the mining industry, specifically in bauxite beneficiation, adverse working conditions are encountered, requiring high mechanical and chemical resistance. For these conditions, it is necessary to choose potentially resistant materials, such as high Cr white cast iron (FFBA-Cr). However, currently, there is no effective recovery of equipment manufactured with FFBA-Cr, mainly due to the difficulty of machinability generated in the repair process. An alternative recovery has been developed by the Laboratory of Characterization of Metallic Materials of UFPA - LCAM, through electric arc welding, using two filler metals, the electric wire ER307L and the wire with high Mn value. In this context, this work proposes to investigate the corrosion resistance of the welded joint, obtained with these two filler metals. The base metal (FFBA-Cr) as a reference and the metals generated by the welded joints, ER307L and with high Mn value, were analyzed. The samples underwent optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical tests of corrosion potential, polarization and impedance. It was observed that the samples presented a similar structure of carbide matrix, but with different organization and volumes. However, the electrochemical behavior of corrosion potential, polarization and impedance were similar, with their resulting values very close, variations: 50 V; 3.53 µA; 0.18 ohm, respectively, which was corroborated by the corrosion rate, 0.4 mmpy, and explained by the calculations of Cr and Ni volume, which present inverse values of concentration magnitude between the samples. Raman analyses performed after polarization of the samples indicated the formation of important oxides on this surface and possibly the formation of a passivating layer, which is corroborated by the mass loss analysis that showed the possibility of passivation of the welded joints, despite corrosion processes in the anodic phase of this exposure process over the exposure time.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Uso de resíduo caulins da amazônia para a produção de precursores geopoliméricos utilizados na indústria da construção civil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-25) BRITO, Woshington da Silva; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-7592; SOUZA, Jose Antonio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968The region of the Capim River (Northeast of the State of Pará), due to its large reserves of kaolin for covering paper, stands out nationally. The extraction of the ore occurs on average at a depth of 20 meters, covered by clayey-sandy sediments from the barrier formation, and from a level of hard kaolin, also known as flint or semi-flint kaolin(Ferruginous), considered stable depending on the content high iron content, which makes its application for roofing unfeasible. The research aims to address the development of geopolymers synthesized from waste containing aluminum silicate. Geopolymers are amorphous, threedimensional alkalis. Aluminosilicate binder materials synthesized from alkaline activation of clays, calcined clays, calcined kaolin, minerals, industrial waste, fly ash and other aluminosilicates. The fly ash generated in the Bayer process boilers under conditions of 900 °C and 120KPa was also used as a source of aluminosilicate in the geopolymerization reaction. To increase the reactivity of the reaction, the use of soft kaolin and flint and semi-flint(ferruginous) kaolin calcined at different temperatures(450,550,650, 700 and 800 °C) was evaluated. And, also at different calcination times(15,30,60 ,90 and 120 minutes). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 5-30 M) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3, SiO2/Na2O = 3.2) as alkaline reaction medium. The residues were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). And, compressive strength tests were also carried out on the geopolymeric samples to evaluate the degree of polymerization, since the more polymerized the structure is, the greater the resistance. For the geopolymer based on (soft kaolin and fly ash), the best results were obtained for the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.65 and 3.4. For the geopolymer based on (flint kaolin and fly ash) the best result was for the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.95 and 3.57. The best results for the geopolymers based on (ferruginous metakaolin and fly ash) were obtained with a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.88 and 3.54. The geopolymeric ceramic plate obtained showed satisfactory performance in relation to mechanical resistance to compression and was also synthesized with raw material that contaminates the environment, as it is considered kaolin residue due to its high iron content.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Viabilidade operacional de emprego do processo HW-GMAW em aços(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-19) RIBEIRO, Pedro Paulo Guimarães; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-7592This study investigated the operational viability of the HW-GMAW variant of the GMAW process in steels welding compared to the CW-GMAW and GMAW processes. This study has been conducted in the two phases. In the phase I beads on plate welding were performed on ASTM -131 grade A rating steel, varying the additional wire feed rate by 40%, 80% and 120% for CW and HW and current at 40 A and 80 A. In phase II an AISI 1020 classification steel were used, varying the additional wire rate by 20% and 100% HW and the current in 70 A.The statistical tools used considered that results were affected by current and wire feed rate (phase I) and the polarity, feed rate of wire and torch displacement orientation (phase II). Phase I results showed that the HW-GMAW process increased depth of penetration by 27% over the CW-GMAW process at up to 32% lower dilution levels over the GMAW when the feed rate was 120%. In the phase II, the capture of high-speed image in the study of electric arc dynamics suggest that the arc instability when modifying the direction of welding (pulling and pushing) and that the polarity of HW was responsible for attracting or repelling the arc and, along with the feed rate, it can change cord geometry at a depth of penetration by 45% and dilution up to 25% compared to GMAW when the feed rate was 100%.