Teses em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários (Doutorado) - PPGBAIP/ICB
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4698
O Doutorado em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários (PPGBAIP) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo epidemiológico da amebíase no Estado do Pará utilizando diferentes metodologias para diagnóstico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SILVA, Mônica Cristina de Moraes; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923The amebiasis epidemiology had been evaluated since the E. histolytica (pathogenic) was differentiated from E. dispar (non-pathogenic). In this study, it had investigated the amebiasis frequency in residents from Pará using different diagnostic techniques and evaluated the parasite pathogenesis. All participants (n = 845) had given their fecal material and from them, 191 were asked about the symptoms of diarrhea, abdomen pain, constipation, nausea and vomit. We had also analyzed 8 liver exudates from patients suspected of hepatic amebiasis. All samples were examined by microscopy and the E. histolytica confirmation was done by antigen detection (E. histolytica Test. TechLab). Of the total, 98 fecal samples and all exudates were cultured in Pavlova medium for parasite isolation and biochemical characterization and molecular (species identification and genotyping of the locus 1-2). Strains from other Brazil regions were also genotyped. The positive rate for E. histolytica found was 29.35% (248/845) and there was no correlation with age. The sensitivity of the microscopy method was low (45.26% - 74/334) and the specificity high (87.03% - 260/334) when compared to the ELISA test. The correlation between presence of symptoms and ELISA positive results was significant (OR 4.4026) with the diarrhea and abdominal pain being the most reported. None of the exudate samples was positive under the microscopy, but 7 of them were ELISA positive. We had success in culturing only 22 fecal samples. The characterization of HE was possible only for 13 isolates, from which, 7 were E. histolytica and 6 E. dispar. The DNA of the 22 isolates and all exudates were tested by PCR for the species identification and genotyping. Of the total, 16 strains (9 mixed, 4 E. dispar and 3 E. histolytica) and 5 exudate had amplified at the PCR. The genotyping had identified additional positivity for E. histolytica in one exudate and showed different length polymorphisms for the locus 1-2 de E. histolytica and E. dispar of Pará and other Brazil regions and one case of co-infection by different genotypes of the E. dispar. Our results had showed that the invasive amebiasis is an important public health problem within the Amazonian population and that the high genotype variability of E. histolytica contribute for the maintenance of this disease in Brazil.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Hidatidose policística no Estado do Acre: contribuição para o diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos pacientes(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06) SIQUEIRA, Nilton Ghiotti de; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923The echinococcosis is a zoonosis whose etiological agents are nematodes of the genus Echinococcus. There are five species of Echinococcus, two of them, E. oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863) and E. vogeli (Rausch & Bernstein, 1972) only occur in neotropical areas. The echinococcosis by E. vogeli causes multiple hydatid cysts, mainly in the liver of intermediate hosts, of which one is the human being. The lack of knowledge about the disease makes the diagnosis is delayed or even misleading. The lack of systematic information on treatment is also difficult to assess the results and prognosis of patients with peritoneal and hepatic lesions caused by E. vogeli. Here we describe the clinical features of patients, we propose a radiological classification protocol used in the classification of alveolar echinococcosis (E. multilocularis "PNM" Classification, Kern et al., 2006), which was also suitable for polycystic echinococcosis (E. vogeli) and describe a therapeutic option for the treatment of hydatid disease which previously had only been used for cases of cystic echinococcosis (E. granulosus, PAIR-Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration, Brunnetti et al., 2001). A prospective cohort study was initiated in 1999 and by 2009 included 60 patients. We describe the main symptoms and signs: pain in upper abdomen (65%) and hepatomegaly (60%) and patients were classified according to the "PNM" classification and submitted to three therapeutic modalities: (i) chemotherapy with albendazole at a dose of 10mg/kg/day, (ii) surgical removal of cysts or (iii) percutaneous puncture of the cysts- PAIR. After exclusion of two cases, due to inadequacy of the research protocol, the groups were distributed as follows: treatment with albendazole: n = 28 (48.3%, 28/58), surgical therapy: n = 25 (52.1%; 25/58) and PAIR: n = 5 (8.1%, 5 / 58). The results were stratified according to outcome of therapy: "Cure", represented by the disappearance of lesions after clinical or surgical treatment, "clinical improvement", defined as asymptomatic patients without weight loss and physiological functions preserved, "No Improvement" included patients who remained symptomatic, "Death" and "No Information", the monitoring did not allow a conclusion about the outcome. The three treatment groups together demonstrade lethality rate of 15.5% (9 / 58), "no improvement" 1.7% (1 / 58), "clinical improvement" in 40.0% (23/58) and "cure "in 32.8% (19/58). Regarding the outcome "death", there was no difference between therapies with albendazole or surgical treatment with 4 (14.2%) and 3 (12%) deaths respectively, but in the first group, albendazole, the outcome "cure" was 4.3% (1 / 23) and "clinical improvement" 74.0% (17/23), whereas in the "surgery" to "cure" represented 71.0% (17/24) and "clinical improvement" 16.7 (4 / 24). Therapy "PAIR" was associated with a lethality rate of 40% (2 / 5), cure in 20% (fifth) and clinical improvement in 40% (2 / 5). The "PNM" classification was useful to indicate such therapy in cases of polycystic hydatid disease. In conclusion, in the series studied surgical therapy has better results in the clinical therapy on the outcomes "cure" and "clinical improvement". The treatment for PAIR needs further studies.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Identificação molecular de espécies do complexo Anopheles albitarsis (Diptera, Culicidae, Anophelinae), coletadas em dois municípios da Amazônia brasileira, com análise de suscetibilidade natural a plasmódios humanos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-03) SILVA, Ana de Nazaré Martins da; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923Members of Anopheles cryptic species complexes may exhibit behavioral differences among them, the susceptibility to malaria infection, and resistance to insecticides, thus, the specific identification has epidemiological relevance, which is not always possible by morphological criteria. Alternative methods have been employed such as those that analyze highly conserved regions of ribosomal DNA, which varies among species, known as internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Anopheles albitarsis complex is currently composed of six species: An. albitarsis s.s., An. oryzalimnetes, An. albitarsis F, An. marajoara, An. deaneorum and An. janconnae. At least the last three are incriminated as malaria parasite vectors in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this study was to perform molecular identification of An. albitarsis complex species, for analysis of ITS2 rDNA sequences, in order to assess their importance in malaria transmission in the cities of Macapá, Amapa and Peixe-Boi, Para, including investigating the first time the occurrence of An. Albitarsis F in two epidemiologically distinct areas: the first with a history of high risk of malaria transmission and the second not (Peixe-Boi). All-night human landing catches of mosquitoes were carried out in the peridomestic environment, from January 2009 and April 2010. The females collected were morphologically identified and only An. albitarsis s.l. was dissected: head and thorax were separated for analysis of natural infection by ELISA; ovaries for parity analysis and the carcass, legs and wings for molecular identification. In Macapá were collected 584 mosquitoes: 366 An. albitarsis s.l. (62.7%), 167 An. darlingi (28.6%), 33 An. triannulatus s.l. (5.6%), 15 An. braziliensis (2.6%) and 3 An. nuneztovari (0.5%). It was possible to visualize the specific band An. marajoara in 320 specimens of An. albitarsis s.l. tested. Of the remainder, 33 were negative and 13 amplified a fragment of ~ 490pb, not allowing to reach the specific diagnosis. The An. marajoara specimens showed biological and behavioral characteristics that confirm their epidemiological importance in malaria transmission in Macapa, such as being the most prevalent species, with a higher proportion of parous females (73.0%), and therefore with the greatest chances of infected with Plasmodium, occur in both seasons (dry and wet), presenting biting activity in all hours worked, moreover, was found infected by P.vivax and P. falciparum (natural infection rate of 3.1%). In Peixe-Boi, were captured 43 anophelines: An. triannulatus s.l. (20 specimens, 46.5%), An. albitarsis s.l. (13, 30.2%) An. darlingi (8, 18.6%), and An. nuneztovari (2, 4.7%). All An. albitarsis s.l. collected were identified by ITS2 as An. oryzalimnetes. None was found infected by Plasmodium, and the vast majority was parous females (84.6%). Systematic entomological surveys are needed to analyse the importance of An. oryzalimnetes in malaria transmission in the city. The An. albitarsis F was not found in the two areas studied. Our results contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A importância do Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926 e Anopheles marajoara Galvão e Damasceno, 1942 na transmissão de malária no município de Macapá/AP - Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-11) GALARDO, Allan Kardec Ribeiro; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923Malaria in the municipality of Macapá is mainly peri urban, which are characterized by flooding area, presence of forest fragments and disorganized settlements. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of Anopheles darlingi e Anopheles marajoara in the malaria transmission in Macapá. The study was carried out from October 2007 to September 2008, in the Lagoa dos Índios community, Macapá. It was collected 4,601 mosquitoes, from which 3,029 were Anopheles marajoara (65,8%), 917 Anopheles darlingi (19,9%), 429 Anopheles braziliensis (9,3%), 208 Anopheles triannulatus (4,5%), 18 Anopheles peryassui (0,4%) and 5 Anopheles nuneztovari (0,1%). Only 32.8% (1.511) of the adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and 67.2% (3.090) outdoors. The index of the bites by man and by hour for An. darlingi in the intradomicile had ranged from 0 to 6.5 and in the peridomicile from 0 a 22. As for the An. marajoara the range was from 0 to 22 in the intradomicile and from 0 to 175.5 in the peridomicile. The analysis of the exuvia and the genitalia dissecation had resulted in the confirmation of the two species, An. darlingi and An. marajoara, and that the An. marajoara is the only albitarsis complex specie that is circulating in the study area. The vectors abundance had flutuated associated with the sazonal pattern of the rain. An. darlingi is the most frequent at the beginning and end of the rain, while An. marajoara was present, in high density, during the rainy season. From the 4,601 tested mosquitoes, 100 were positive for human malaria parasites by the ELISA method with a infection index of 2.17%. The infection index for An. marajoara was 2,34% (71/3,029) and for An. darlingi 3.05% (28/917). This study had demonstrated that the two studied species are responsible for the malaria transmission maintenance during the whole year, thus confirming the importance of both.