Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia - PPGEO/IFCH
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2345
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (PPGEO) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Sendo referência na Pós-Graduação em Geografia na Amazônia, o Programa tem por meta configurar-se no Centro de Excelência em Geografia da Amazônia, com ênfase na análise dos agentes, processos, e conflitos nas diferentes escalas. Este é o objetivo científico e institucional estratégico do curso de mestrado, por meio do qual se amplia inserção social e regional na Panamazônia permitindo-nos estreitar intercâmbios na pesquisa e formação de pesquisadores em temas amazônicos com outros centros afins para este estudo na região.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desterritorialização e reterritorialização das famílias da comunidade Deus é Amor com a construção da usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte em Vitória do Xingu(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-20) AMORIM, Edilane Bezerra; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024This dissertation discusses the transformations that took place in the Deus é Amor community, municipality of Vitória do Xingu, with the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant, which, upon arriving in the territory, disrupted the socio-spatial organization of the families, in addition to causing a rupture with the place. and change the ways of life historically established by the subjects, contributing to the geographical movement Territorialization-Deterritorialization-Reterritorialization (TDR) in the Amazon. The community under study is part of what was demarcated by the hydroelectric project through the studies of the EIA-Rima (2009) as a rural Directly Affected Area, located in the sector referring to the Canals Reservoir. This area began to be occupied by families in the early 1980s, until 2011 had 59 families, and after the arrival of the Belo Monte HPP there were only 5 remaining families. The development of the research allowed the analysis of three central points about the object, the first with the understanding of the actions that made possible the territoriality of subjects in the Amazon (1970-2012), the second with the departure of the subjects from their historically constructed places, the deterritorialization (2011-2016) and finally the current process in which they are inserted, with the experience of progressive reterritorialization.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Movimentos das águas e águas em movimento: um estudo sobre os conflitos pela água no Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-01) BRIA, Nelson Gabriel da Silva; OLIVEIRA NETO, Adolfo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3108272104911953; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-6295; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024Water is an indispensable element for the continuity of human life and the planet's environmental balance. As a result, the struggle for its access and resources is a struggle that has been going on for centuries around the world. In each space/territory, it takes on specific characteristics, stemming from the existing interrelationships. In Brazil, the existence of multiple conflicts over access, control, and the right to water and its resources can be seen in different spaces/territories, and the consequences of these conflicts take on new contours, whether in terms of defense strategies by social movements or by big capital, as actions that are harmful to these groups. The debates about water and movements can be understood from numerous theoretical and methodological perspectives, but here we start from the conflictuality and the historical and dialectical materiality that actions of different actors leave on different spaces. Once these actions are historical processes, which are in constant movement, acting and materializing in different ways in each space, leaving marks that can be described and analyzed in a critical way. In view of this, we propose to understand the different processes in which disputes over water are embedded, based on scientific debates and analyses of the actions suffered, practiced, and other strategies developed by socio-territorial water movements to safeguard the rights of their members and of society in general. The hypotheses raised in this work are that the socio-territorial movements organize themselves, either internally within a single movement, or allied with others, seeking different ways to face the adversities arising from the conflicts in which they are inserted, such as: demonstrations, occupations of companies and public agencies, lawsuits, against mining, agribusiness, industrial fishing, among others. The debates in this paper sought to understand the different processes in which disputes over water are inserted. In this sense, the bibliometric research and its subsequent analysis provided conditions for the observation of how science has been producing water conflicts worldwide. Not only the forms, but the diverse processes and conceptions that water assumes for each of those who dispute it. In this sense, it was possible to observe the dynamics resulting from the processes of appropriation and differentiation of uses and conceptions of water, noting the existence of hegemonic actors who seek to control it in order to satisfy their needs. The processes related to the disputes for and over water are complex, arising from the sum of factors resulting from the spaces and territories where they are inserted. At the national level, it was noticeable that socio-spatial and socio-territorial movements are important contesting actors of the current order, producing a set of actions and strategies to confront the hydro-hegemonic actors.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Políticas de energia no Brasil: difusão de usinas hidrelétricas para a indústria agropecuária na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-25) PENHA, Luciano Rocha da; BACKHOUSE, Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-9637; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024Energy policies in Brazil have been undergoing several reforms to implement privatization, using concessions for private companies, creating the energy market with differences in energy economic agents. At the same time as politics, the country is under global pressure to invest in renewable energy. Among these energies stand out as SHPs. The increase in water availability in the Legal Amazon, the diffusion by expansion of SHPs and UHEs around the agricultural industry in the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Pará, Maranhão and Rondônia is underway. This is when the connection between the spaces of these water plants and the obstinate nature of silos, warehouses and slaughterhouses is done. The diffusion of these PCHs and UHEs are materialized in the plants in operation, in the plants under study and in the plants with study processes. The main objective of this work was to analyze how the current global energy transition has influenced energy policies in Brazil. The specific objectives were: to understand how energy policies in Brazil have contributed to increasing the diffusion of UHEs and SHPs around the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon; understand how energy policy and the energy market in Brazil have been reflected in the increase in demand for hydropower in the Legal Amazon; demonstrate how the territorial-productive dynamics of soy work, as well as the surroundings of silos and warehouses and livestock (refrigerators) which cause the demand for electricity to increase, therefore, in more constructions of small and large hydroelectric plants in the Legal Amazon. The methodology used was a bibliographical review of a theoretical-methodological nature of Geography, Sociology, Engineering and Economics. Documentary analysis on energy policy and planning in Brazil. Primary and secondary data collected on the websites of IBGE, ME, ANEEL, EPE, MAPA and ODS. Finally, maps, graphs, tables and maps were built, as well as figures extracted from documents. The form of presentation of these data was in a graphical form. It is concluded that the diffusion of hydropower plants in the Legal Amazon is underway, because the PCHs are renewable and the UHEs can be built by run-of-river, as well as this diffusion is induced by the demand for energy from the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon. As well, this diffusion is also fostered by the global climate change policy that influences the global energy transition.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Produção do espaço agrário na Amazônia: uma interpretação geográfica do desmatamento no projeto de assentamento Bom Jardim, Pacajá – Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-02) ALENCAR, Isa Costa; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263The Amazon settlements were created as a strategy to integrate the regional space with the national economy and as a way to release the demographic pressure over the big cities, promoting a migration flux from urban to rural areas. The rural settlements end up having divergent characteristics and spatial patterns from the one idealized by the agrarian reform policies, being dynamic in relation to the transformation and appropriation of their geographic space. One important aspect of this transformation is the need of exploitation and degradation of the natural capital in the process of production of their geographic space. This fact has been reflected by the actual role of the settlements on regional reforestation, representing in average one third of the forest conversion yearly in the Amazon. To evaluate the process of spatial and temporal transformation of the geographic space in the settlements, mainly the one related with loss of forest cover, it is necessary to make use of satellite images and remote sensing analysis. Based on this context, the objective of this research is to use geotechnologies as tools to understand how agrarian reform policies interfere in the landscape dynamics of Amazonian settlements, using the study site the Bom Jardim Settlement Project. This study was done using literature review on the topic of space production and public policies related and affecting the settlements, in addition to the use of the Environmental Regularization Plan of Bom Jardim settlement. These analysis were complemented with the use of Geography Information System and image processing software used to evaluate and classify Landsat 5 and 8 images of distinct periods in order to access the spatial and temporal dynamics of the forest cover 10 years before and 18 years after the creation of the settlement (from 1987 to 2015). The methodology follows the “periodization” approach used to analyze the space temporal dimensions of the problem allowing the identification of distinct breaks that occurred during the establishment of the settlement. Thus the study identified that the process of space production is not only linked with the intervention between the human being and nature, but also that public policies have an important role on shaping the landscape in the settlements. Even with the existence of a solid agrarian reform policy which has been successful in settleling families, the bureaucracy of accessing financial credit, the fragile technical assistance and monitoring of the investments done by the agencies linked with agrarian reform, allied with the immediate needs of the settler, reflects the process of transformation of the geographic space in these settlements, having as main impact the loss of the forest resources.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A produção do espaço habitado pela comunidade ribeirinha de Boa Esperança no rio Xingu-Altamira-Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-29) SOUSA FILHO, Hudson Nascimento de; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024This research addresses issues that arise from the production of the space inhabited by the riverside community of Boa Esperança, located in an archipelago of river islands upstream from the city of Altamira-Pará on the Xingu River. Being located in low latitudes, this community has a short dry season tropical climate regime (am type climate), with stilt houses that occupy the plains that are influenced by the flood regime of the river, the "beiradão", which also offer fertile fields for polyculture agricultural activities. Thus, in general, this research work seeks to understand the production process of the space inhabited by the riverside community of Boa Esperança, at first, enumerating the aspects of the landscape in the daily life of the community, as well as, in addition to these objectives adds the construction of a certain reflexive analysis on the work relations that attribute functionality to the territorial configuration of the community. It was sought to build a certain analysis focused on spatial dynamics with the empirical observation of the socio-environmental conditions existing in the daily life studied and, for this, the research team relied on the application of form interviews and the lifting of aerial images obtained with a drone that helped in the observation of the landscape. Thus, the fact that field research activities have been built with the intention of structuring data and collecting information of spatial historical, socioeconomic and environmental relevance on the context in which the living conditions of the riverside community are developed is mentioned. of Good Hope. This, in turn, shows traces of their ancestry linked to the rubber tappers who migrated from the Northeast to work in the rubber plantations of the middle Xingu, extracting latex mainly from the native rubber trees of the region in the mid-nineteenth century, the decade 1870. Since then, labor activities such as extractivism, burning and artisanal fishing have been the basis of livelihood and trade for riverside families that were constituted with the territorialization of the aviamento system in the region, at the time of the first cycle of the rubber economy.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Redes e vigilância no Xingu: a reconfiguração do território ribeirinho(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-29) BAITELLO, Clara Bezerra de Menezes; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024This work examines how the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam at Xingu River, in Altamira city, Pará state is transforming the relationship between ribeirinhos, riverine people, and their traditional territories. Before the dam, the riverine people maintained relative territorial and social-economic autonomy. Since the construction of Belo Monte, the State and private companies are abusing their power in an attempt to gain territorial control and influence local dynamics. Subsequently, land-use planning in the region is changing. Previously organized by the ribeirinhos according to their own rules and subsistence needs, the land is now regulated by new private actors, impacting and altering the nature and purpose of the communities’ traditional activities. In order to conduct this analysis, I use the dialectical method due to its ability to analyze the contradictions of the territory.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A violência homicida no espaço urbano de Altamira: o fator Belo Monte e a cartografia dos homicídios(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-27) OLIVEIRA, Igor Renan Araujo; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024During the construction and completion of the UHE Belo Monte from 2010 to 2020, the city of Altamira experienced an exponential increase in rates related to violence and crime, reaching alarming levels as a result of the problems arising from the project in the region. This increase in violence and crime spread with force in all directions in the urban space of Altamira, affecting especially the population directly impacted by the project and the local youth. Of all the crimes that had their growth leveraged, homicide is the one that draws most attention in this period, because it is the most dramatic face of urban violence, it can be seen then that this type of crime gains strength to be reproduced with more intensity from the moment that the works of the UHE Belo Monte begin to be built. Thus, of the 11 municipalities affected by the construction of the plant, the city of Altamira, being the center of this region and concentrating the largest number of services, was the city most impacted by Belo Monte. In this way, this work is born with the intention of launching itself to the challenge of discussing and analyzing more deeply the phenomena of violence and criminality, using Belo Monte as a catalyst event of old and new problems in urban space, thus contributing to the production of knowledge, to the studies of violence and criminality in this municipality, in the light of Geography, enabling an understanding of the phenomenon, of its dimension and intensity. Based on these premises, the general objective of this dissertation is to analyze and understand the spatial dynamics of violence and criminality in Altamira, what are its causes and implications in urban space, having as a catalyst of these problems the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant and its relationship with the indicators of violence.