Dissertações em Engenharia Elétrica (Mestrado) - PPGEE/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2316

O Mestrado Acadêmico inicou-se em 1986 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica (PPGEE) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 25

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoplamento de modos guiados em cabos de pares trançados utilizando antenas com simetria radial no cenário terabit DSL
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-26) SOUSA, Brenda Penedo Tavares de; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The development of data transmission standards and access technologies has always been linked to the need to supply high data rates. Thus, technologies already implemented, such as the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) system that uses twisted pairs for transmission, have been adjusting to support this growing data demand. In DSL systems, the twisted pairs are used as a transmission line, using the transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM). However, the physical limitations of the twisted pair as a transmission line prevent the system from achieving higher rates, needed to support fifth generation (5G) applications. Recently, it was proposed to use other transmission modes in the twisted pair, the higher order guided modes, as an alternative for this structure to be able to support transmission rates of the order of Terabits per second, having been termed as the Terabit DSL technology (TDSL). However, one of the challenges for this implementation is the coupling of the guided modes in the twisted pair, since they are not widely explored in the context of the propagation of higher-order guided modes, as simpler waveguides, such as Sommerfeld and Goubau. In this scenario, this dissertation aims to evaluate the coupling of the radiated signal between an antenna with radial propagation and the twisted pair cable, analyzing the electromagnetic behavior of structures. Considering that the twisted pair cable does not have a closed analytical model for the behavior of higher order modes, which propagate along these structures, all the results were obtained from numerical simulations in the software HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator).These results are in terms of the scattering parameter of the antenna and the electromagnetic field in the cable, making it possible to evaluate the coupling efficiency, the signal guidance and to predict the transmission rate available to users. The results obtained showed that the coupling between the antenna and the unshielded twisted pair cable reached levels of up to 83.83 % at frequencies of 0.15 THz, demonstrating a high coupling efficiency when compared to simpler scenarios in the literature, reaching levels on average 67 %. It was found that the use of these cables for data transmission is effective, managing to deliver rates of up to 1.737 Tbps in cables of up to 10 meters, while the rate forecasts for the TDSL scenario that consider the 100 % coupling reach levels of 2.013 Tbps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da Coexistência entre Sistemas 5G e Serviços Fixos na Faixa de Ondas Milimétricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-07) TEIXEIRA, Fátima Priscila Araújo; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This works aims to analyze the impact of interference of a 5G system over a legacy 26 GHz fixed point-to-point system and, thus, obtain a minimum protection distance for the fixed system not be affected by the 5G system. To obtain these results, simulations were performed using the Monte Carlo method. The impact of 5G network co-channel interference on the fixed service was evaluated considering different parameters such as fixed antenna height, cell number, fixed antenna gain and number of users. In the results obtained, the 7-cell tri-sectored network topology, combined with a 60 m of fixed antenna height, had the greatest impact on the required protection distance, while other parameters such as gain and power had a moderate impact. These results imply that coexistence will be possible when all appropriate parameters are measured for each case in question. Another contribution of this dissertation is the availability of a coexistence model in the SEAMCAT simulator, which can help new scenarios for coexistence analysis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de desempenho de redes de acesso G.mgfast e fronthaul 5G baseado em cabos coaxiais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-27) FREITAS, Marx Miguel Miranda de; NUNES, Diogo Lobato Acatauassú; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972007941497086; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This work explores two possibilities of harnessing mature cabling technologies used in broadband networks of 4th generation systems in emerging next generation applications. Specifically, two proposals for using the cabling structure of Hybrid Fiber Coax and SAT TV (Satellite Television) systems are evaluated. The first one, as support in 5G network analog transport networks (fronthaul). The second evaluates the use of coaxial cables in access networks G.mgfast (Multi Gigabit G.fast). In the firs one, It is shown the relationships between the data rates and the number of antennas reached by the coaxial cable RG06, under a fixed power level and a target signal noise condition, considering different distances and two configurations of radio signals. It is shown that in the 5G analogue fronthaul analyzed, rates higher than 40 Gbps can be obtained in a RG06 coaxial cable, giving support to 140 antennas, meeting 3GPP transmission criteria. The second solution proposes a process to reduce power consumption in the network, by adapting the transmission power in the coaxial network, with higher bit load in the initial frequencies of the spectrum. Links with RG59, RG06 and RG11 coaxial cables are analyzed, considering rates ranging from 5 Gbps to 10 Gbps and two types of bit loading algorithms. It is shown that with these procedures the power saving obtained in single link with 100 m coaxial cable can be used to power another 28 cables of 50 m. On the other hand, it is shown that the power reduction is not relevant, from the point of view of redistribution, in cables whose length is less than or equal to 25 m.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de modos guiados em cabos de cobre para transmissão de dados em terabit por segundo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-27) SOUZA, Daynara Dias; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
Copper-based technologies have used twisted pair and coaxial cables as transmission lines, exploring TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic) mode to transmit data. In twisted pair technology, to ensure higher rates, it is necessary to increase the band frequencies, which also implies an increase in attenuation over the TEM mode, with a consequent limit on the link data rate. Applications for the latest generation (5G) systems require rates in the order of tens Gbps (Gigabit per second), practically impossible to meet due to their attenuation, even considering short links. In this context, to give a new breath to twisted pair cables, it was proposed to use them as waveguides, i.e., exploring their higher-order modes for transmission, in a system called Terabit DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Such modes are of the TE (Transverse Electric) or TM (Transverse Magnetic) types, and arise when the wavelengths, associated to the operating frequencies, are of the same order or smaller than the cross-sectional dimensions of the twisted pair cable. A similar fact applies to coaxial cables. When using these modes, it is estimated transmission rates in the order of Tbps (Terabit per second) to be achieved on twisted pair cables. This enables, for example, to have twisted pair and coaxial cables as viable alternatives to the transport network in the future 5G system. Such predictions assume that the model based on the guided mode on a single bare conducting wire, known as the Sommerfeld model, describes the attenuation of the higher-order guided modes in a twisted pair. However, this model does not adequately describe twisted pair cables, given that its physical structure is much more complex. Therefore, a more accurate study on the characteristics of the higher-order modes present in twisted pair and coaxial cables is needed, aiming at predictions in complete agreement with the real structure and electromagnetic propagation through them. This work investigates the propagation of several guided modes in twisted pair and coaxial cables, from numerical simulations in the HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software, considering real constructive characteristics. Based on the results obtained, the aggregate data rate of each cable used as a waveguide was determined. The results obtained indicate that data rates of more than 1.7 Tbps in just one twisted pair can be reached for 10 meters in length, up to 6.1 Tbps in one cable with four twisted pairs and approximately 5.6 Tbps in one coaxial cable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação técnico econômica de alternativas backhaul e fronthaul para arquiteturas de rádio centralizado em cenários 5G indoor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-28) FERNANDES, André Lucas Pinho; FARIAS, Fabrício de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1521079293982268; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The transport networks have a key role fifth in the support of demands of any telecommunications system. The fifth generation of mobile communication systems, the 5G, seeks to support a highly digitalized society, which has high operational demands. CRA (Centralized radio architecture) are emerging as a technically capable transport alternative to support 5G. Such solution divides the transport network into two sections, backhaul and fronthaul, which can be subdivided into several levels of links, whether optical, metallic or based on microwave. The viability of any technology to support the 5G does not only depend of technical requirements, whether traffic, coverage, availability or others, but also of the installation and operation economic aspects of the technologies. In this context, this work performs an technical and economic analysis for CRAs attending the indoor environment in the 5G context. To this end, a reference traffic forecast model is utilized and a set of models for dimensioning, predicting fault behavior and costs have been proposed and developed, which are generic and can be applied to different types of networks configurations or environments, whether indoor or outdoor, in a way that the two last mentioned models are based on a Markovian model solved by simulation. The analysis focused on CRAs installed in the indoor environment, where users spend most of their time, considering a high-density urban scenario, fronthaul with optical and metallic link levels or only metallic, as well PON (Passive Optical Network) based backhaul. The considered fronthaul alternatives were optical-metallic hybrid using 10 and 32 Gbps bidirectional transceivers, as well as all-metallic using the standard G.(mg)fast, making use or not of the phantom mode transmission, which is a technique to create virtual differential channels from real twisted pairs, resulting in increased capacity for metallic cables. The PON considered standards for the backhaul are 40 Gigabit PON and wavelength division multiplexing PON. The considered protection topologies against equipment failures for the PON backhaul are basic (unprotected), protected at the feeder level, protected at the feeder level and optical line terminal, and protected at the optical line terminal and at both levels feeder and distribution). The obtained results indicates that the best fronthaul alternative for CRA, supporting a average building of a high density urban scenario, is the all metallic using the standard G.(mg)fast with phantom mode transmission. In addition, they also indicate that PONs can be viable as backhaul 5G if protection schemes are used, and that in a dense urban setting, the 40 Gigabit PON standard is technically and economically the most viable for CRAs backhaul.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Classificação de regiões de desmatamento via imagens do satélite landsat no nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-18) CANAVIEIRA, Luena Ossana; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Comparison of dimensionality reduction and blind source separation techniques for video-based modal identification
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-29) PAES, Thaisse Dias; SILVA, Moisés Felipe Mello da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8154941342611201; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
Understading the dynamic properties of a structural system is indispensable for a reliable study of the structural behavior. Video-based structural dynamics identification has been effectively used as a key method for modal analysis in recent years.With several different approaches, the ones based on the blind source separation strategy have received increased attention for identifying structural characteristics. Blind source separation addresses the problem of separating or extracting the original source waveforms from a sensor array. Although the literature addresses several techniques to perform the source separation, only one of them (named complexity pursuit) is often employed for video-based solutions. This work aims to explore other blind source separation algorithms to perform video-based modal analysis. In order to perform the modal decomposition, a set of blind source separation methods is combined with different dimensionality reduction techniques for full-field high-resolution structural dynamics from video. Specifically, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and NonnegativeMatrix Factorization (NNMF), two dimensionality reduction techniques, are used for video compression along with six source separation algorithms, resulting in twelve different frameworks tested over a laboratory cantilever beam structure and a bench-scale model of a three-story building structure. The blind source separation techniques used are: Complexity Pursuit (CP), Idependent Component Analysis (ICA), Second Order Blind Identification (SOBI), Second Order Blind Identification with Robust Orthogonalization (SOBIRO), Equivariant Robust Idependent Component Analysis (ERICA) and Algorithm for Multiple Unknown Signals Extraction (AMUSE). The twelve techniques based on dimensionality reduction and blind source separation algorithms are evaluated here using as the criteria comparison their mode shape, modal coordinates and MAC values. The main goal is to provide a range of alternatives for the vide-based structural dynamics evaluation. For specific algorithms, the results indicate that both dimensionality reduction techniques and the blind source separation methods play a major role in the mode estimation performance. In the experiment utilizing the cantilever beam structure, all expected modals were successfully identified using the algorithms based on PCA-CP, PCA-ICA, PCA-SOBIRO, PCA-ERICA, NNMF-CP, NNMFSOBI, NNMF-SOBIRO and NNMF-ERICA. For the second scenario, using the model of a three-story building structure, the methods that correctly perfomed modal analysis are based on PCA-CP, PCA-SOBI, PCA-SOBIRO, PCA-ERICA, NNMF-CP and NNMF-SOBIRO. It is suggested that The effectiveness of combining NNMF and blind source separation methods for modal analysis may be contingent upon the complexity of the system under investigation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compressão de sinais para fronthaul em arquitetura CRAN utilizando algoritmo evolutivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-28) SOUZA, Vitória Alencar de; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
Centralized radio access networks are present as a potential alternative for next generation of wireless networks, because they are able to provide high data rates and allow the reduction of structural and operational costs in the network. The centralized architecture implements the concept of fronthaul, and enables the challenge to increase the capacity of data transmission in hese links. In this way, the study of digital signal compression techniques presents itself as an alternative to reduce the cost of implementing centralized radio access networks.This work investigates the use of vector quantization methods in the compression of complex samples of baseband LTE signals. We propose the use of Genetic Algorithms in the training of sub-optimal dictionaries for the process of vector quantization in order to reduce the errors imposed in this process and consequent increase in fronthaul capacity. Results showed that the proposed compression algorithm allows reduction of fronthaul data rates associated with acceptable errors. It has been shown to be possible data rate compression factors of 5:4 times, with errors of approximately 4:4%, proving the effectiveness of codebook training process in LTE signals present in the downlink of centralized radio access networks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de sistema para verificação metrológica de transformadores de corrente IN SITU em sistemas de alta tensão utilizando transdutor óptico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-21) COSTA, Marcelo Melo da; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This work presents the development and field application of an on site metrological verification system for high voltage current transformers. It was developed aiming at portability aspects besides the metrological requisites, in such a way it can be easily transported and assembled without the need of power interruption as well as the use of complex and expensive transport and assemble logistics. The system uses an optical transducer as reference standard, whose sensor measures the primary current of current transformer under verification based on Faraday effect It is also composed by additional standard instruments that measure the transformer secondary current under verification, and compares it to the optical transducer output. High voltage laboratory tests as well as on site tests were performed. On site tests were perfomed in two power substations in Brazil, in the city of Belém, in order to assure the correct operation under high voltages and high currents conditions. Six 230 kV rated current transformers were verified. The site tests involved six 230 kV current transformers, under medium load system conditions, and achieved satisfatory results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eficiência energética em redes sustentáveis: uma avaliação baseada em redes small cells e backhaul
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-13) LOPES, Albert Richard Moraes; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0255430734381362
The use of small cells in heterogeneous networks (either 3G, 4G and 5G future) for indoor traffic has been regarded as the best solution to meet the growth of mobile traffic due to reduce network power consumption and to guarantee the high capacities. Moreover, increasing the amount of small cell deployment implies in the expansion of the backhaul network, which causes an increase on the network power consumption, and threatens the small cells gains in terms of energy. Furthermore, the energy consumption in heterogeneous network can increase considerably depending on the choice of the type backhauling. Considering this background, this work aims to provide a methodology to assess and identify possible energy consumption bottlenecks in the mobile network, considering both the wireless part as the backhaul infrastructure. The methodology considers the demand of traffic generated in the city, scenario to implementation and operation of heterogeneous networks (small cells), and dimensioning backhaul by segment (Cell Site, Hub Site e Central Office). Adopting this methodology, the study evaluates and compares three types of backhaul architecture for conventional Femtocell or Femtocell Wireless over Cable (FemtoWoC) network: Fiber-to-the-Building, Fiber-to-the-Curb e Fiber-to-the-Home. It was found that the main bottleneck in the backhaul architecture is the segment that is responsible for aggregating traffic from small cells (Cell Site). However, adopt architectures and equipment with high energy efficiency, as FemtoWoC, in the segment bottleneck reduce significantly the total power consumption in the backhaul, mainly architectures based on copper in the last mile.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimação de crosstalk em redes c-ran com fronthaul de cobre
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-26) MONTEIRO, Waldeir de Brito; BORGES, Gilvan Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7696860178450119; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The implementation of the 5G standard will make the current mobile network architectures evolve towards C-RAN configurations, which are characterized by concentrating processing on a base station, from where the signal is distributed to remote antennas. To maintain uniform coverage, these systems rely on a dense network of low-power antennas scattered throughout buildings. This approach increases the complexity of the network’s Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) system, which may hamper certain measurements involving equipment at both ends of the link. This work presents a method for the estimation of Far End Crosstalk (FEXT) and Insetion Loss (IL) using only one end of the link in order to bavoid synchronization problems present in complex MIMO systems. Compared to other methods with similar proposals, the presented technique combines a simpler approach to a lesser degree of dependence on dual loop measurements, besides complementing techniques that can accomplish these measurements, but in a restricted range of frequencies
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo de sistemas de rádio digital sobre fibra aplicado a C-RAN
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-15) ALMEIDA, Renan Pereira; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The aim of this work is based on the evaluation and comparison of aspects related to transmission of Digital Radio over Fiber (DROF) using Multicarrier Multiplexing Techniques (SCM) applied to Centralized Radio Access Networks architecture (C-RAN). The comparison was performed in two scenarios which the first made use of three subcarriers on a single wavelength, and the second scenario applied one subcarrier being carried also by one wavelength. Wavelength Division Multiplexing techniques (WDM) can be applied for both cases. Moreover, this work shows also the building process of the system step by step using the simulation software VPITransmissionMaker. As case study were considered the transmission of 16-QAM subcarriers each one with 250 Mbps carried in 5 GHz. The simulation analysis is discussed by evaluating the impact of the digitized process on the system performance, complexity and dynamic range. Results indicate that SCM-DRoF has a BER of 10-6 for fiber links up to 20 km. For the second scenario without SCM the range can reach up to 40 km. Taking into account the cost and dynamic range, both proposals can be used as a solution for bridging the base stations. However, the complexity in the optical domain and the cost makes the SCM solution comparatively better than the case without it. It concludes that SCM is a cheaper and less complex solution which is able to feed antennas for the new generation of mobile network technologies. is able to feed antennas for the new generation of mobile network technologies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da interferência entre sistemas LTE e de TV digital em canal adjacente na faixa dos 700 MHz
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-13) MATHE, Dércio Manuel; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This work aims to analyze the impact of mutual interference between digital television (DTV) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems in adjacent channels in the 700 MHz band. During the analysis, minimum separation distances and adequate guard bands between the systems are determined to ensure their coexistence in this band. The interference impact is evaluated in a scenario where the DTV and LTE operate on channels 51 and 52 respectively. In order to obtain the results, this study was made through Monte Carlo simulations. Four classes of Digital Television were considered during the simulations: Special class, class A, class B and class C. The results show that the classes Special, A and B cause interference with the LTE, and the impact of such interference depends on the guard band and also the separation distance between the systems. Furthermore, the results also show that increasing the LTE bandwidth only has a greater impact if the LTE is the victim system. However, the coexistence of LTE and DTV systems in this band is possible once isolation distances and adequate guard bands respected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de fibras porosas com inclusões metálicas para guiamento em THz
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-08) CARDOSO, Markos Paulo; SILVA, Anderson Oliveira; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The guidance of THz waves has been found of great importance to improve the performance of spectroscopy, imaging and sensing setups. One of the major challenges in designing such structures is the mitigation of the high losses presented by dielectric media in the THz spectral range (0.1 up to 10 THz). This work performs an analytical and numerical modeling of porous fibers with gold inclusions for THz guidance. The design of these metal-dieletric interface is capable to confine THz waves in the air region of the porous fiber, through the excitation of surface plasmons, modes that result from the resonant interaction between the incident electromagnetic radiation and the collective oscillation of free electrons on the metal surface. It is shown that from a suitable design of the gold layer, the effective losses can be reduced and a zero chromatic dispersion can be achieved as result of the coupling between the fiber modes and the surfasse plasmons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expansão da capacidade de transmissão de sistemas ópticos através da tecnologia WDM: um estudo de caso sobre o sistema da Eletronorte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-05) ALMEIDA, Gerson Serra de; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This MSC Thesis present two projects: being one referring to Tramo Oeste System and the other to Pará – Maranhão System, relative to link Marabá – Santa Maria, remote pumping and Raman amplification. The MSC Thesis treats of the expansion of the transmission capacity of Eletronorte optical system, in the Tramo Oeste. Nowadays, this system operate in STM1 (155 Mbit/s) rate. Also it is used a new technology to elimination the repeaters station across remot pumping. This technique is based in use of remotely pumped optical amplifier across optical fibers of the OPGW (Optical Ground Wire) cable already installed in the system. This optics amplifiers are constituted only passives components part, and there add to that, it is can be accommodated in optics correction boxes that are fixed in transmission lines towers of system to the long link being that the pump optics souces to realization of remote pumping are located and also supplied in property terminus substation. The simulation of the systems it is across of an commercial software of simulation optisystem 4.1TM . This MSC Thesis dissertation propose changes in the optical systems to increase the transmission capacity across WDM, remote pumping to repeaterless systems and utilization of Raman amplification. It is broached still the conception of a DWDM optical backbone that it is a technique cooperation accord between Eletronorte and Government of Pará State, and the simulations results of these optical backbone. It is done an comparative critical analysis of that with the projects of opticals systems of Tramo Oeste and of the Pará – Maranhão System, relative to the link Marabá – Santa Maria.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Identificação e estimação de ruído em redes DSL: uma abordagem baseada em inteligência computacional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-01-25) FARIAS, Fabrício de Souza; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This paper proposes the use of computational intelligence techniques aiming to identify and estimate the noise power in Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks on real time. A methodology based on Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) for detect and estimate noise in real time, was used. KDD is applied to select, pre-process and transform data before data mining step. For noise identification the traditional backpropagation algorithm based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is applied aiming to identify the predominant noise during the collection of information from the user's modem and the DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM). While the algorithm for noise estimation, linear regression and a hybrid algorithm consisting of Fuzzy with linear regression are applied to estimate the noise power in Watts. Results show that the use of computational intelligence algorithms such as RNA are promising for noise identification in DSL networks, and algorithms such as linear regression and fuzzy with linear regression (FRL) are promising for noise estimation in DSL networks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto de não-uniformidades em cabos de pares trançados na transmissão em modo fantasma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-25) OHASHI, Aline Ayako; RODRIGUES, Roberto Menezes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848357090195263; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
In the next years, a dramatic increase in traffic demands for mobile – communication systems is expected. To support such demands, the new generation of communication, called 5G, is being developed to allow a wide range of new applications. The key point to the future success of 5G networks is the adopted fronthaul solution. In general, optical and microwave links are suitable alternatives for fronthaul. However, copper is still a viable option in some situations, mainly due to reduced cost and the application of techniques to boost the copper performance, such as the phantom mode. Such technique includes extra channels over the ordinary differential ones for the same copper system, increasing its aggregated data rate. For this purpose, the channels called “phantom” use signaling in common mode, over ordinary channels (differentials). Ideally, there is no leakage between differential channels to the phantom one. However, copper cables have non-uniformities that are the source of the signal leakage into the pairs, especially for frequencies of the order of hundreds of MHz. It is not fully understood how the cable non-uniformities affect the crosstalk from the differential to phantom mode transmission, and viceversa. In this work, effect of cable non-uniformities on the attenuation of differential and phantom channels, as well as on the crosstalk among them, is studied. To enable phantom transmission, a simulator developed by Stanford University was adapted. Three types of non-uniformities were simulated: variation in the distance between the center of pairs, pigtail and non-uniform twisted pairs, for frequencies range from DC to 500 MHz, using cable length from 10 to 100 m. The results showed: phantom mode aggregate data rate for uniform scenarios with 61.94% of contribution. Moreover, considering the same length cable, variation in the distance between the center of pairs had a big impact in the reduction of phantom channel contribution with just 24.02 %, more impact than others studied, whereas the non-uniform twists had negligible impact on channel aggregated data rate, with phantom contribution of 61.93 %. Besides that, it is shown that pigtail has impact just to short length cables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Machine learning algorithms for damage detection in structures under changing normal conditions
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-31) SILVA, Moisés Felipe Mello da; SALES JÚNIOR, Claudomiro de Souza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4742268936279649; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
Engineering structures have played an important role into societies across the years. A suitable management of such structures requires automated structural health monitoring (SHM) approaches to derive the actual condition of the system. Unfortunately, normal variations in structure dynamics, caused by operational and environmental conditions, can mask the existence of damage. In SHM, data normalization is referred as the process of filtering normal effects to provide a proper evaluation of structural health condition. In this context, the approaches based on principal component analysis and clustering have been successfully employed to model the normal condition, even when severe effects of varying factors impose difficulties to the damage detection. However, these traditional approaches imposes serious limitations to deployment in real-world monitoring campaigns, mainly due to the constraints related to data distribution and model parameters, as well as data normalization problems. This work aims to apply deep neural networks and propose a novel agglomerative cluster-based approach for data normalization and damage detection in an effort to overcome the limitations imposed by traditional methods. Regarding deep networks, the employment of new training algorithms provide models with high generalization capabilities, able to learn, at same time, linear and nonlinear influences. On the other hand, the novel cluster-based approach does not require any input parameter, as well as none data distribution assumptions are made, allowing its enforcement on a wide range of applications. The superiority of the proposed approaches over state-of-the-art ones is attested on standard data sets from monitoring systems installed on two bridges: the Z-24 Bridge and the Tamar Bridge. Both techniques revealed to have better data normalization and classification performance than the alternative ones in terms of false-positive and false-negative indications of damage, suggesting their applicability for real-world structural health monitoring scenarios.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Predição de qualidade de experiência em redes wimax em aplicações de video baseada em aspectos de qualidade de serviço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-02) OLIVEIRA, Rosinei de Sousa; CERQUEIRA, Eduardo Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1028151705135221; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The increasing use of telecommunications services mainly wireless has demanded the adoption of new networking standards that offer higher data rates and reach a larger number of users. In this sense the IEEE 802.16 standard, which is based WiMAX emerges as a potential technology for providing broadband in the next generation of wireless networks, mainly because it offers Quality of Service (QoS) for voice streams natively, data and video. Regarding the video-based applications, there has been a steady growth in recent years. In 2011 it is expected that this type of content exceeds 50% of all traffic from mobile devices. Applications like video have a strong appeal to the end user who is who in fact should be the evaluator's level of perceived quality. Given this, we need new forms of performance assessment that take into account the perception of the user, thereby complementing traditional techniques that rely only on network aspects (QoS). In this sense, there was the performance evaluation based on Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment where the end user rather than the application is the main parameter measured. The results of investigations QoE can be used as an extension over the traditional methods of QoS, and at the same time provide information regarding the delivery of multimedia services from the viewpoint of the user. Examples of control mechanisms that may be included in networks that support new approaches are QoE routing process of selecting the base station and traffic conditioning. Both methods of evaluation are complementary, and if used in combination can generate a more robust assessment. However, the large amount of information hinders this combination. In this context, this paper's main objective is to create a methodology to predict video quality WiMAX networks with combined use of simulation techniques and Computational Intelligence (CI). From QoS and QoE parameters obtained from the simulations will be performed to predict the future behavior of the video with the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). On the one hand the use of simulations allows a range of options such as extrapolation of scenarios to mimic the same real-world situations, the IC techniques allow faster analysis of the results so that they are made predictions of future behavior, correlations and others. In the case of this work, we chose to use RNA as it is the most used technique to predict the behavior, as is being proposed in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Processo markoviano de decisão para alocação dinâmica de recursos e controle de admissão de conexão em redes IEEE 802.16
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-02-08) LEAL, Cynthia Feitosa; CARVALHO, Solon Venâncio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3368137994024629; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
This work presents a solution to the problem of connection admission control and dynamic resource allocation in IEEE 802.16 networks by modeling a Markov Decision Process (MDP) using the concept of bandwidth degradation, which is based on different bandwidth requirements of IEEE 802.16 service classes. In oder to test the performance of the MDP, different returns for each class of service are allocated, thus making the differential treatment of each service classes. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the optimal policy, obtained through a value iteration algorithm, considering aspects such as the service classes average adjustment, resource utilization and blocking probability in relation to system load. Results obtained show that the Markov control method proposed is able to prioritize service classes considered most relevant to the system.