Navegando por Orientadores "ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da competição entre os efeitos de consequências imediatas e efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguimento de regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-18) FARIAS, Andréa Fonseca; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
This study aimed to investigate the effects of rules with additional justifications of Type 1 (reports about possible consequences of rule governed behavior) and Type 2 (reports about eventual approval or not, of the rule following) on the maintenance of rule governed behavior, after a change in programmed contingencies when this behavior starts to produce loss of reinforcer (points exchangeable for cash). To this end, 44 participants were exposed to a matching to sample procedure. The task was to point to each of the three comparison stimuli in a given sequence. Each comparison stimulus had only one dimension - color (C), thickness (T) or shape (S) - in common with the sample and differed on all other dimensions. Experiment included six conditions. Each condition was composed of four phases. Phases 1 and 3 started with the presentation of a rule related to programmed contingencies, while Phases 2 and 4 were marked by an unsignaled change, in such contingencies. Phases 1 and 3 differed only as to the justifications presented to rule following. The maintenance of the rule governed behavior avoided loss of the programmed reinforcer in Phases 1 and 3, and produced such loss in Phases 2 and 4. Overall, results showed that rules with justifications can alter the probability of the behavior specified by them to occur in the future. The role of control by rules in the explanation of behavior was discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cuidados com os pés diabéticos: investigação de variáveis que determinam o seguimento de regras de tratamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-20) NOVAES, Vera Ribeiro; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
One of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is neuropathy that affects the skin sensitivity, causing decreased or even absent, facilitating the development of diabetic foot. Such complications can be reduced with adherence to treatment rules of foot care for diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of rules, justifications for tracking and social reinforcement, and also compare the effects of a questionnaire (Questionnaire 2 - Q2) specifying the behavior of foot care with effect from another questionnaire ( Questionnaire 1 - Q1) without specifying such behaviors in six diabetic adults through the following instruments: Interview Script Initial Script Initial Questions, Observation Protocol feet, Questionnaire 2 - List of Behaviors Care Feet, Quiz 1 - Protocol Questions about Behavior Care Feet, Rules and Foot Care Rules with Additional Justifications for Foot Care. Seven meetings were held weekly, in which participants were exposed to procedure A (Baseline [Q2] - Q1 - Q2) and procedure B (Baseline [Q1] - Q2 - Q1) in Conditions 1 (social reinforcement), 2 (justification) and 3 (without social reinforcement / without justification). The results showed that half of the participants reported receiving no guidance foot care, four of the six had anatomical deformities in the feet, all had some aspect circulatory and dermatological, and only one participant wearing proper footwear. Terms of reported behaviors of foot care, it was found that participants exposed to Q2 (P11a, P21a and P31a) had a larger number of reports than participants exposed to Q1 (P12b, P22b and P32b). However, there is clear evidence in this study, treatment adherence. One fact that supports this assertion is the fact that the number of reported behaviors of foot care, participants presented P11a, P21a and P31a have decreased when these participants were exposed to Q1.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos das propriedades formais de regras em forma de pedido sobre o comportamento de escolha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-21) LOPES, Danielly da Silva; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study investigates the effects of the manipulation of justification about following rules. More specifically, tried to investigate the effects of a request to the occurrence of following the rules which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement immediately (rule nº 1) and the occurrence of following the rule which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement at the end of the research. thirty six undergraduate participated in the research, divided equally into six conditions. It was used a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each one of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. The participant earned points, in continuous reinforcements to not follow the sequences of answers described in rules I and F. However, if after the last attempt (40th attempt) of the second phase of each condition the participant followed the rule, at least in seventy of eighty attempts of the study, he could earned a hundred points at the end of the research. The results suggest that manipulation of justifications to the following of rules, in other words, manipulation of found properties of rules, may determine the behavior of following the rules.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de dois tipos de pergunta sobre os comportamentos verbal e não-verbal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) PAZ, Mariana Vargas; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study intent to evaluate if the sinalization of changing on programmed contingencies through the presentation of question should turn the following of rules more probable to change when the contingencies modified. Twelve pre-grade students were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure. The respondents pointed, sequentially, to three comparison stimuli in the presence of a sample stimuli. The presentation of correct sequencies produce points exchangeable for money. The responses were reinforced in CRF. The participants were distributed in four experimental conditions, each one consisted of four sessions. The session 1 was the base line. The programmed contingencies in Session 2 were changed in Session 3 and remained unchanged in Session 4. In Conditions 1 and 2, the nonverbal behavior was established through differential reinforcement and in Conditions 3 and 4 it was established through instructions. Two types of question were asked during the experiment: question Type 1 consisted in asking the participant to describe the behavior that produce reinforcement; and question Type 2 consisted in asking the participant to evaluate the possibility of exist or not more than one behavior that is reinforced in experimental situation. Question Type 1 was presented each three trials during the Sessions 2, 3 and 4 for all conditions; while question Type 2 was presented alternately in the beginning of Session 3 or Session 4. The results showed that two of three participants of Condition 1 and all of Condition 2 modified their verbal and nonverbal behaviors when the contingencies were changed. In Condition 3, all participants changed their behaviors when the contingencies changed and two of three modified their behaviors when the contingencies changed in Condition 4. This indicate that the question Type 2, join to the question Type 1, contributed to the presentation of verbal and nonverbal behaviors more sensitivity to the changing in contingencies when the nonverbal behavior was established through instructions. The results may aid in clarifying the role of questions in sensitivity of verbal and nonverbal behaviors to changing in contingencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de histórias do comportamento alternativo ao especificado por regra sobre o seguimento de regra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-24) LIMA, Fernanda Monteiro; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Investigating the effects of a long history of continuous reinforcement of an alternative behavior of the one specified by a rule on subsequent discrepant rule-following, 08 undergraduate students were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure. The task consisted of pointing, in a sequence, to each of three comparison stimuli that had only one thing in common with the sample stimulus and differed in other characteristics. The experiment had four phases. Phase 1 was baseline. Phase 2 begun with a rule corresponding to the contingencies. Phase 3 had an un-signaled change in the reinforcement contingencies, and Phase 4 started with discrepant rule. The results showed that on Phase 1 most of participants had a variable performance. On Phase 2, all participants followed the corresponding rule. On Phase 3, six participants continued to follow the rule of the previous phase and two participants emitted the correct sequence. On Phase 4, four participants followed the discrepant rule; three abandoned rule-following and began to emit the correct sequence; and one abandoned the discrepant rule, but began to emit a sequence that wasn’t reinforced. The data suggests that the participants that presented behavior under rule control on Phases 3, tended to follow the discrepant rule on Phase 4; and, the participants that showed a behavior under control of immediate consequences on Phases 3, tended to abandon the discrepant rule-following on Phase 4. The role of the history of behavior alternative to the one specified by the rule is discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguir regras por participantes ortoréxicos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-17) CARDOSO, Laís Caroline Ferreira; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Introduction: The investigation of the variables involved in the establishment and maintenance of food behavior is important, mainly because the food ingested interferes in the survival of the organism. Eating disorders such as Ortorexia Nervosa can trigger impairment of social interaction of individuals. It is assumed that orthorexic behavior is controlled by rules associated with justifications. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether participants who present a repertoire of behaviors classified as orthorexic, tend to follow general rules associated with justifications or only food rules. Method: To do this, in the first stage of the research, 200 nutrition students from two colleges in Belém do Pará, the inflexibility questionnaire (to find adherents or not to follow rules) and the Orto-15 questionnaire as a means of research of orthorexic behavior. In the second stage, 12 participants (6 inflexible and 6 flexible) were exposed to a computerized version of the procedure of choice to experimentally evaluate the competition between control by justification for rule follow-up and control for immediate consequences. There were 4 phases, where in all, only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced immediately with points and participants only progressed to subsequent phases if they reached the stipulated score. In Phase 1 only the mentioned sequences were reinforced with exchangeable points for money in a continuous reinforcement scheme. Phase 2 had the FCE sequence (shape, color and thickness) as discrepant and only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced. In Phases 3 and 4 the FCE discrepancy rule was associated with type 5 justifications (verbal antecedents of what to observe: reports that may indicate examples of behaviors to be followed and examples of behaviors not to be followed) and again only the sequences CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC were strengthened. Results: Of the 200 students, 72% had a risk for orthorexia. In the second stage of the experiment, we had 12 participants, where only 8 went to phase 3 (6 flexible and 2 inflexible), 4 of these participants had a risk for developing orthorexic behavior (2 inflexible and 2 flexible) the rule follow-up and only 1 followed the discrepant rule until the end. The study showed that participants at risk for the development of orthorexia are good adherents of rules favorable to healthy eating, but that this is not valid for general rules associated with justifications of type 5, because they were under control of the immediate consequences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de Regras que Relatam Justificativas Sobre o Comportamento de Seguir Regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-09) MATSUO, Gilsany Leão; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study investigated the effects of rules that provide justifications on the rule- following. 12 undergraduate students were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure, The task consisted of pointing, in a sequence, to each of three comparison stimuli that had only one thing in common with the sample stimulus and differed in other characteristics. Participants were exposed to four experimental conditions that differed only as the order of presentation of the rules. Were presented to participants rules describing minimal justifications (JMI), monetary justification (JMO), social justification (JSO) and monetary justification more social justification (JMO + SO). The rules always describing two options for response, with different response cost: a greater response effort (EFCFCE) and another with less response effort (EFC). The rule with a minimal justification (JMI) had no justification for issuing any sequence. The other rules presented justifications for issuing a sequence of higher cost (EFCFCE). The results showed that 80% of the participants have chosen sequence higher cost (EFCFCE) when exposed to rules with justifications (JMO; JSO; JMO+SO). And 75% of participants chose sequence of lower cost (EFC) when exposed to rule with minimal justification (JMI). It is concluded that effects of rule-following is due, in part, to the formal properties of the rules.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de regras sobre comportamentos de cuidados com os pés em pessoas com diabetes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-18) NAJJAR, Enise Cássia Abdo; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The amputation of lower limbs is one of the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications caused by diabetes foot. Simple preventive measures focused on foot care behavior care are significant help in prevention against diabetes foot. Due to the high severity and prevalence of diabetes foot, several studies have been made aiming to identify variables which contribute to improve adhesion to preventive measures concerning foot care of diabetes patients. However, it has not yet become clear which factors contribute to establish and maintain foot care behavior. The proposal of this study was to identify variables which contribute to establish and maintain foot care behavior, thus contributing to avoid diabetes feet in people with diabetes. The thesis is divided into three studies: the first one, transversal descriptive, was characterized as a baseline for the other two, which were experimental. The research was developed in a basic health unit in the city of Belém, Pará Brazil. The first study investigated: the rules (orientations) related to foot care presented to patients with diabetes by health professionals of the Hiperdia; the behavioral repertoire of 54 participants with diabetes on foot care; the state of feet health care of participants with diabetes. The second study investigated the effect of rules in the establishment and maintenance of foot care behavior in people with diabetes, manipulating, or not, the presentation of questions on foot care; and, if the patient were receiving foot examinations. The third one investigated, on 16 patients, the effects of rules in the establishment and maintenance of foot care behavior of people with diabetes, when: (a) reports that rule following of foot care produced social reinforcement; (b) the patients were presented with rules which explained why foot care rules should be followed; (c) they were presented rules that specified justifications on why foot care rules should be followed, and the report on following foot care rules produced a social reinforcement; (d) report on foot care rule following did not produce social reinforcement and the rules presented did not have the justifications for foot care. Results from Study 1 indicated that the presentation of instructions on foot care by health professionals is insufficient, the behavioral repertoire of foot care is precarious, and there is possibility of risks in developing diabetes foot among the patients. In general, the manipulations carried out on both Study 2 and 3 favored an increase of new behavior on foot care in the participants’ behavioral repertoire. These data suggest that foot care rule following depends on: (a) contact with aversive consequences caused by following or not of rules; (b) the presentation of questions which favor behavior self-destruction; (c) the presentation of social reinforcement; (d) the presentation of justifications to the emission of behavior; (e) combined presentation of justifications for the emission of behavior and the consequences for the behavior emitted; (f) exposition to a greater number of favorable conditions to rule following; (g) pre-experimental historic of rule following; and, (h) monitoring of rule following behavior by health professional.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de uma história de reforço contínuo e das propriedades formais de regras sobre o seguimento de regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-24) COSTA, Adelina Santana Nery da; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study aimed to assess the effects of a) a history of an alternative behavior to that specified by the rule, established by differential reinforcement and maintained in CRF before the presentation of the rule; b) schedule of reinforcement programmed to strengthen the non-following rules (it means the alternative behavior) after presentation of rule and c) the formal properties of rules (it means the future social consequences, implicitly reported in the rules) on the discrepant rule following contingencies. Twenty-four college students were exposed to a procedure for choosing in agreement with the model. The task was to point out the comparison stimuli in sequence. Students were distributed in four conditions. In each condition, in Phase 1, the correct sequence (it means alternative to the behavior specified by the rule) was established by differential reinforcement in continuous schedule of reinforcement and maintained in this scheme. In Phases 2 and 3, the contingencies were kept unchanged, while the rules were manipulated. In Phases 2 and 3, the contingencies were kept unchanged while the rules were manipulated. In Phase 1 of the Conditions 1 and 3, questions were asked about the contingencies. In Conditions 2 and 4, no questions were asked. In Conditions 1 and 2, Phase 2 was initiated with a suggestion and Phase 3 with a order. In Conditions 3 and 4, was the reverse. In Phase 2 100% of participants were lost to follow-up of the discrepant rule of contingencies in form of suggestion and 60% of participants were lost to follow-up of the discrepant rule of contingencies in form of order. The results support the suggestion that the characteristic effect of a certain variable (for example, the story of the continuous reinforcement of the alternative behavior specified by the rule) to make the following discrepant rule sensitive to contingencies and may depend on its combination with other variables. They also suggest that the formal properties of the rules should now be considered as a variable that can interfere with the following rules.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de uma história de seguimento de regra sobre a ressurgência de um comportamento previamente modelado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-09-01) OLIVEIRA, Regienne Maria Paiva Abreu; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variáveis de controle do comportamento governado por regras: uma análise de métodos e resultados de estudos da área
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-04-10) TEIXEIRA JÚNIOR, Ronaldo Rodrigues; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Some authors have suggested that rules can produce insensibility of behavior to programmed reinforcement contingencies. Others, however, have suggested that this insensibility tend to occur, not due to inherent properties of rules, but due to the type of reinforcement schedule used in the studies. One problem, nevertheless, is that there are experimental evidences showing that the behavior of following rules different from programmed contingencies can be either maintained or interrupted, independently if the reiforcement schedule is intermittent or continuous. It is possible that such results differences occurs due differences in methods of the studies that have been producing this results, but this is not sufficiently explained in literature. The present work had as objective join and compare the main studies that investigated rule control in different schedules of reinforcement, with purpose to investigate if specific features of the methods used in these studies could contribute, or not, to the occurrence of differences in the results. For this, it was adopted the following procedure: 1) selection of the main experimental papers in the area that investigated the role of different types of reinforcement schedules in sensibility of rule following to contingencies; 2) sort out the texts in groups according to the method used for each research group; 3) analysis of methods and results of studies of the same group or in comparison with studies of other groups; 4) discussion of results based on the explanations that the authors give to their results and in relation of results of other studies not considered by the authors. The main results were as follow: in all of the 5 groups occurred sensitive and insensitive performance among subjects, not depending at least exclusively of the type of schedule that was been used; in 3 of 5 groups there was a persistency of insensitive results among subject, while in 2 of 5 groups there was a persistency of sensitive results; the differences in results of sensibility and insensibility in each group seems to have depended up on some variations in the methods that were used and not only from the type of schedule of reinforcement. Some of these variations in methods have not been sufficiently studied in the area and can be interfering with the results. Some examples that were discussed would be: the control of instructions contents, the way of delivering reinforcers, the features in selecting subjects and the difficulty level of task used. Studies that had as specific objective manipulate these variables with the purpose of better control their effects could guarantee a better efficiency of methods used to study rule control. These new investigations could help developing minimal controlling parameters for the realization of new studies.