Navegando por Orientadores "ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade ambiental a partir de indicadores ambientais na área urbana de Paragominas-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-22) PEREIRA, Lucimar Costa; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
The rapid growth and the lack of policies for city planning provoke changes that affect the quality of life of the population. In this perspective, the analysis of environmental quality arises from the need to improve urban environmental conditions. Given this, the present research had as general objective, to evaluate the urban environmental quality in the city of Paragominas-PA, in the mesoregion of the southeast of Para. For this, the methodology developed by Vasques (2017) was adapted, based on objective analysis, using a system of urban environmental indicators, being the same, Water supply; Sewage collection and treatment; Household solid urban waste collection; Selective collection of solid waste; Flooded areas; Vegetable cover and free spaces. The procedures followed: definition of indicators and data collection; application of quantitative indices and spatial representation of each indicator and subsequent assessment and diagnosis of environmental quality. Inhabited blocks of the urban area were used as the spatial unit of analysis. Data analysis indicated that the entire study area has a water supply, provided by the Paragominas Sanitation Agency. Only 0.37 km² (3.04%) of the city are served by sewage collection and treatment services, restricted to condominiums and residences. The household waste collection is carried out in the entire urban area, while the selective collection mainly covers the central area and the nearby subdivisions, totaling 6.30 km² (51.90%) of the inhabited spaces. 1.85 km² (15.24%) of the inhabited spaces have already been affected by flooding in Paragominas. The data for vegetation cover showed a percentage of 15.43%. Data analysis indicated that 4.35 km² (35.83%) of inhabited places have public free spaces up to 300 m. The diagnosis of environmental quality showed that 77.31% (9.38 km²) of the urban area of Paragominas was classified as “intermediate environmental quality”, 19.20% (2.33 km²) as “best environmental quality” and 3.49% (0.42 km²) as “worst environmental quality”. The result had direct interference from the sewage collection and treatment indicator and the spatial distribution of free spaces, also influenced by vegetation cover. Considering the approaches carried out in this research, it is necessary to emphasize the need for urban planning by integrating social and environmental elements, so that the problems that affect the quality of urban life are remedied or minimized.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análises das paisagens da ilha de Cotijuba: através do mapeamento das unidades geoambientais, Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-21) SILVA, Elias Klelington Leocádio Rodrigues da; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
The present research looks at the Cotijuba Island, Belém / PA, located in the island region of the municipality of Belém. The study turns to the geoenvironmental theme from the integrated analysis of the landscape. The choice of this study area is justified, because in the last decades Cotijuba has undergone a rampant urbanization process, with irrational use of its resources, generating deforestation for the extraction of wood and removal of sand for civil construction. Thus, we sought to map the geoenvironmental units of Cotijuba Island, based on a survey of the elements that make up the landscape. The methodology followed the following steps: Bibliographic survey that enabled the survey of concepts that were guiding factors for the development of the research, Field study that allowed the survey of data and analyzes that are only possible with the measurement in loco, and Laboratory study that was essential to the development of the research, using techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing that linked to the GIS allowed the making of all cartographic products presented in the research. For the mapping of land use and land cover classes, the Envi 5.1 software was used for supervised classification, extracting a Kappa index of 0.96. For the study of landscape metrics of forest fragments, the software arcgis 10.1 was used from the extension Partch Analyzes. In both procedures, the Sentinel-2 satellite image from the year 2018 was used. For the production of the MDEs, the Alos Palsar radar image was used, which allowed the analysis of the island's altimetry and slope. The mapping of the variables: geology, geomorphology and pedology, were carried out using information collected in the field and analysis of the results obtained from the products made in the Sentinel-2 and Alos Palsar image, based on Florenzano's remote sensing techniques methodology ( 2007). In view of this, the mapping of the Five Geoenvironmental Units of Cotijuba Island was made, highlighting their general characteristics. The results showed that Cotijuba needs a Management and Management plan on a municipal scale aimed at conserving natural resources and promoting the generation of jobs and income for the local community. In this sense, it is expected that the products raised here will serve as subsidies for them. Thus, ecotourism and the implementation of ecological corridors are suggested as measures to mitigate the problems presented here.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem ambiental na floresta nacional do Jamanxim-PA: proposta de cenário futuro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-21) GAMA, Luana Helena Oliveira Monteiro; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
Protected areas were created essentially for the conservation of fauna and flora. Analyzing its socio-environmental dynamics becomes a challenge, and at the same time contributes to the understanding of the landscape. The present study aims to model future scenarios from remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques in the National Forest (FLONA) of Jamanxim-PA, based on the land use classification of the years 2013 and 2020. Analyze the independent variables through of Artificial Intelligence. Apply the DINAMICA EGO model using the transition method to simulate deforestation trajectories up to 2030, based on the dependent variables (land cover and use 2013 and 2020) and independent variables (altimetry, slope, distance to roads, distance to settlements and distance to hydrography. The high rates of deforestation within the limits of conservation units, lead to large environmental losses over time. According to INPE, the state of Pará presented the highest forest loss of the Brazilian Amazon states in 2019, a total of 3,862 km2 , with an increase rate of 41% when compared to 2018. Through the mathematical model it is possible to analyze “Where” will be deforested; “When” will it be deforested and what deforestation rates will be; and “How”, what will be the spatial representation of the new areas of modification, that is, how the deforestation process will be based on the dynamic cover and use of the land and the elements that make up the landscape, such as the variations independent activities, it is possible to carry out future projections of deforestation in the FLONA do Jamanxim. Theories of authors representing different currents of Geography are approached to conceptualize space, landscape and dynamic modeling. In Physical Geography, one starts from Bertrand's concepts. For Quantitative Geography, Waldo Tobler was used as a basis. The discussion of Critical Geography is based on the works of Milton Santos. And Soares-Filho for spatial dynamic modeling. The methodology was divided into three main phases: 1- Processing of satellite images, using the supervised classification method through the Maximum Likelihood algorithm; 2- Processing of independent variables; 3- Stage considered the main part of the study, which consists of spatial modeling in DINAMICA EGO. As a result of the analysis of land cover and use, it was observed that there was a reduction in the area of 112.51 km² (0.87%) of primary forest, and an increase in the mosaic class of occupations (deforestation) with an area of 393.53 km², equivalent to 3% of deforested area. The main activities observed were: forest exploitation and mining. There is also a deforestation pattern classified as geometric and regular, with economic activities, such as agriculture, and mainly medium to large-scale grain and livestock monocultures, and an intermediate stage of occupation. The independent variables assume Bertrand's GTP model to observe landscape dynamics. It was observed that 0.28% of the primary forest was converted to deforestation. That is, from 2013 to 2020 deforestation is occurring at a net rate of 28% per year. And there is a high probability of transition from primary forest to a mosaic of occupations, and from forest exploitation to a mosaic of occupations to the north and south of the FLONA do Jamanxim, areas that may be associated with the implementation of roads (BR-163), and to the PDS Brasília and Vale do Jamanxim Project settlements, which consequently can impact the resilience of the landscape. Based on modeling and analysis of future scenarios, it appears that there may be a loss of 198.79 km² (1.52%) of primary forest, and a considerable increase in deforestation of 155.20 km² by 2030. The mapping of this study, it can support public policy actions by analyzing the impact of laws and identifying priority areas for government action in FLONA do Jamanxim. Based on the spatial modeling, together with the command, control and monitoring plans, it is possible to guide the socio-environmental, economic and cultural development in this UC, for the maintenance and conservation of natural assets.