Navegando por Orientadores "ISHAK, Ricardo"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação entre marcadores da resposta inflamatória e a imunopatogênese de agentes infecciosos de natureza viral (Vírus da dengue, HTLV-1 e HTLV-2) e bacteriana (Chlamydia trachomatis e Chlamydia pneumoniae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-29) FEITOSA, Rosimar Neris Martins; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The genetic basis of diseases is frequently studied aiming the polymorphisms of cytocine genes. The present study investigated markers of the inflammatory response associated to the course of infection and disease caused by viruses and bacteria. Serum levels (measured by an ELISA assay) and the polymorphisms (using PCR, RFLP and allele specific PCR) of TNF-α (-308), TNF-β (+252), IFN-γ (+874) and C reactive protein were measured among persons with febrile disease, infected by dengue virus (n=80), not infected by DV (100), a group of HTLV infected (30 symptomatic and 47 asymptomatic), a group with coronary disease (58 seroreactive to Chlamydia and 31 with negative serology) and a control group (99 persons with no reaction to DV, HTLV and Chlamydia). No group showed association with demographic informations. Dengue virus 3 (66.2%) and HTLV-1 (90% symptomatic and 76.6% asymptomatic persons) were the most frequent agents found among their groups. The majority of those with coronary disease (65.1%) presented antibodies to Chlamydia (39.6% to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, 58.6% solely to C. trachomatis and 1.7% to C. pneumoniae). Statistically significant levels of differences were found among: (i) serum levels of TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR of positive and negative dengue and control groups (p< 0,01); (ii) serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β and IFN-γ of HTLV (including its types) and control groups; (iii) serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR among patients with coronary disease, serum reactive to Chlamydia, and the control group; (iv) the presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae and the control group comparing TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR. Genotypic frequency distributions were statistically significant for the polymorphisms: (i) of TNF-α (p=0,0494) and IFN-γ (p= 0,0008) genes among positive, negative and control dengue groups and to IFN-γ (p= 0,0007) among groups DEN 1, DEN 2, DEN 3 and controls; (ii) of IFN-γ gene (p= 0,0023) among the group of patients with coronary disease and sero reactivity to C. trachomatis e C. pneumoniae, as well as to the mono reactants in the comparison between the positivity to C. trachomatis and the control group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição de outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em pessoas infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana do tipo 1
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1998) MESQUITA, Francisco Carlos Lopes de; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Ninety patients seroreactive to HIV-1 were studied in order to describe the clinical manifestations of other sexually transmitted diseases as well as the demographic and behaviour factors associated to the HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients. The majority (83.3%) were males with a mean age of 31.4 years of age (range between 18 and 60 years) and a monthly family income for 79.5% of less than five mininum wages. At least one type of ilicit drug was used by 51.1% and 20.7% were intravenous drug users. Among them, 94.4% referred to a previous episode of a sexually transmitted disease. The subjects revealed that 41.6% were bisexuals, 38.2% heterosexuals and 20.2% were homosexuals. Approximately 51.1% of the bisexual subjects were intravenous drugs users and all referred to have had ano-rectal intercourse and were all positive for the presence of antibodies to Chlamydia. The mean age of the first sexual relation with penetration and the first episode of sexually transmitted disease were at 14.7% and 20.6% years of age, respectively. The vast majority (95.5%) of the subjects experienced multiple sexual partners before the knowledge of their HIV-l positive serology status. Among the 73.3% that referred a previous episode of sexually transmitted diseases, 82.2% also referred urethral discharge, syphilis and herpes simplex. At physical examination, 36.6% (33/90) presented urethral, anal and vaginal discharge and genital lesions such as discharges (51.1%), vesicles (18.1%), warts (18.1%), lymphadenopathy (18.1%), ulcers (12.1%) and papules (6%). Reaction to the VDRL and antibodies to Chlamydia were present in 13.7% and 96.4%, respectively. The vast majority referred ano-retal intercourse and previous episodes of sexually transmitted diseases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A epidemiologia das doenças infecciosas no início do século XX e a criação da Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-03) MIRANDA, Aristóteles Guilliod de; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The late nineteenth century showed two important features in the area of health. The first indicated the continuous occurrence of diseases caused by infectious agents that included yellow fever, malaria, cholera and smallpox. On the other hand, the economic situation of the state of Pará with the early loss of exclusivity extractive production of the largest wealth generator for the state, the rubber, has led to a situation where it became increasingly difficult and expensive training new medical doctors abroad or in other Brazilian states. The early twentieth century brought the opening of colleges in Belém, including two in the area of health (Pharmacy and Dentistry), as well as national legislation for the creation and opening of medical courses. The state of Pará, under the influence of the effort of Oswaldo Cruz with his work of eliminating yellow fever in the city of Belém, in a practical application of the new knowledge generated by the description of infectious agents in their transmission by vectors and application of new ways of preventing and controlling diseases (sanitation and vaccines) after organizing at first through a scientific society in innovative ways, creates the 8th medical school in Brazil, on January 9, 1919, named Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia descritiva de Salmonella em ecossistemas aquáticos de diferentes áreas do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-09-20) LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Surveillance of Salmonella serotypes in aquatic environments is an important procedure for the monitoring of human and animal infections. The analysis of 694 samples of water collected from river, creek, bay, beaches, lake, well, nascent, provisioning water, stream, drainage and sewage distributed along 11 districts in the State of Pará, Brazil, yielded 212 (30,5%) contaminated samples with 91 serotypes and 2,115 strains of Salmonella. In Belém, 77 sorotypes were identified out of 1,300 isolates from freshwater and sewage; S. Saintpaul, S. Panama, S. Muenster, S. Hadar and S. Agona were the most frequent serotypes. In the National Forest of Caxiuanã, 69,4% of water samples were positive for Salmonella and 17 serotypes were identified, being S. Panama, S. Miami and S. Gaminara the most frequent ones. Antibiotic resistance was described in 64.8% of the Salmonella isolates from aquatic environments, with a special importance to streptomycin (97,1%) and tetracycline (10,8%). The presence of Salmonella and thermo-tolerant coliforms in superficial and underground water was frequently associated, but E.coli was not isolated in ten occasions. Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment broth was more efficient than Selenite Cystine for the isolation of Salmonella when kept at 42,5ºC. The serotypes isolated from sewage closely resembled the isolates originated from human fecal cultures during the same period. The results show the dissemination of Salmonella in aquatic environments in the State of Pará and the risk to the health of the human population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do Paracoccidioides brasiliensis no município de Buriticupu, Amazônia maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-10-01) CALVET, Clélea de Oliveira; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The objective of this study was to verify the presence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the municipality of Buriticupu, located in the Amazon Maranhense. Intradermics tests were conducted with paracoccidioidine in 491 individuals, with 60 intradermics positive to the antigen. There was no statistically significant difference in the sample in relation to the positive test and the variables gender, socio culturals habits and level of education, although describe, the female has been the most frequent, totaling 33 patients, and that positive - reagents have habits that provide contact with the pathogen, and it was found to be the prevailing levels of schooling illiteracy (18 tested) and 1 st degree incomplete (26 tested). Fifty-one patients testing positive for intradermics to paracoccidoidine (85%) were the natural state of Maranhão. In reviewing the clinical data and laboratory records in general of the six patients diagnosed with the disease paracoccidioidomycosis, found that all were farmers with more than 10 years of residence in Buriticupu, with the presence of the fungus in the oral mucosa scraped the colouring of PAS and Gomori - Groccot, except for two patients: one with 36 months of treatment and another with 12 months of therapy, and without injury initial oral or later, both without reports of abandonment of treatment. We, therefore, that the exfoliative cytology is an easy way and low cost in aid of therapeutic control of patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inquérito com paracoccidiodina em cinco cidades do Estado do Acre
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-30) FIGUEIREDO, Mediã Barbosa; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Paracoccidioidomycosis constitutes an important public health problem in Latin America. In Brazil, this disease is less frequent in North and Northeast regions, predominating the endemic areas in the Southeast. Despite the physiographic conditions of the North region favoring the development of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, even so, the case reports are scarce. Perhaps this is due to the little consideration of deep mycoses about the differential diagnosis of chronic medical conditions, justified by the fact that the region is not considered endemic. With the objective of describing the prevalence of paracoccidioidomycosis in five cities of Acre, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted, through a survey with the paracoccidioidin intradermal. The reading of the intradermal test was performed within 24 and 48 hours, being considered reactors the people with hardened areas of 5mm or more in diameter. Four hundred thirty-nine (439) people were studied and paracoccidiodomycosis-infection in the 48-hour reading was 41.2%. The findings of this study indicate that P. brasiliensis infection causes a considerable number of people in the study area to get infected, and therefore future clinical-epidemiological and mycological studies should better clarify the natural history of mycosis in this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil epidemiológico e prevalência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em escolares da área urbana no município de Porto Velho - Rondônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-12-16) FREITAS, Virgina Tereza Neta; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are widespread public health concern, majority among adolescents, because they are most susceptible in respect of the sexuality. Early sexual initiation, multiple sex partners, and lack of condom use are considered risk factors and contribute to the increase in the number of STD cases. In order to better understand high-risk sexual behavior among students, a crosssectional study based on a self-answered anonymous questionnaire was conducted in Joaquim Vicente Rondon High School, a public school of Porto Velho city, Brazil. To verify STD's prevalence, samples of blood, urethral and vaginal discharge had been analyzed. A total of 122 students aged 11 to 19 years participated in the study. 84% known what is a STD, 82,8% informed always using condoms during sex, 11,5% didn't make use of condom, and 5,7% selected their sexual partner. To identify STD variety an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test) and bacterioscopia by method of gram had been applied. 83 blood samples had been analyzed by ELISA test, and 41 smear tests had been stained by method of gramo The incidence to Chlamydia was observed in 65,3% of females, and 34,6% of young men. Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis were more common pathogenic microorganisms found.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Risco ocupacional da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em centro obstétrico de hospital público de Porto Velho, Rondônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-12-16) SANTANA, Elaine Maria de; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was described in 168 individuals, distributed in 3 groups: 88 in-patients of the obstetric service, 61 health professionals of the obstetric center (PA CO) and 19 administrative employees (control group), all working at the Hospital de Base Dr. Ary Pinheiro - in Porto Velho, capital o fthe state of Rondônia. In the period of November and December of 2000 and January of 2001 serum samples were collected, for HBV detection using an enzyme immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). The prevalence of the HBsAg was 1,1% of the obstetric patients, 3,3% in PAS/CO and 52,6% in the control group. For anti-HBc the positive results were 5,3% in the control group, 27,3% in the patient's group and 42,6% in the PAS/CO group. The study by age groups related to the positive serology, demonstrated that from 15 to 25 years and 25 to 35 years the prevalence of HBV was larger, for the patients and control, and in the groups of PAS/CO the higher prevalence was from 45 to 55 years. The high prevalence of HBV in the patient's way lead to a high prevalence of vertical transmission. The positive numbers of 1he control group is in agreement with the endemic characteristic of the population of Porto Velho. Factors as the number of sexual partners, the use of preservatives and the level of education in the PAS/CO group were compared with serological results for HBV. The organic fluid and the most referred exposure via of contamination or PAS/CO were the blood and cutaneous, 43% and 22% respectively.