Navegando por Orientadores "ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui"

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Aplicação do modelo de acurácia em casos suspeitos de amebíase em uma comunidade rural do nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) REZENDE, Manoel Antônio Costa de; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Introduction: The studies on the prevalence of intestinal worms are scarce among us, most of them were performed in sample of populational basis not very well defined, like users of health service and public school students. Objective: Quantify the Entamoeba hystolitica prevalence in a rural population of Pará state. Methods: feces study using the ferric hematoxilina method in 124 people from the rural part of Tailândia, arbitrarily selected in order to establish prevalence and accuracy, the positive and negative predictive values, as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results: from the populational sample, 56,5% belonged to male sex, 60,5% out of these were ranging between 18 to 43 years old. In the scholarship study, 64,5% had at least 3 years of school and 63,7% earned less than R$300,00. The Entamoeba hystolitica prevalence reached 24,2%. Conclusion: the accuracy, which is the measurement of global value of the performed test, shows that 73,4% of the patients were correctly classified. The 70,0% sensitivity test defined positive for the infection and a specificity of 74,5%.
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Avaliação da susceptibilidade de camundongos BALB/c e Swiss, hamster e Proechimys roberti à infecção por Leishmania (Viannia) Naiffi e Leishmania (Viannia) Lindenbergi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SODRÉ, Roberta Nice Salgado; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi and Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi are species that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonia and present great similarity in its isoenzymatic profile, monoclonals antibodies and production of unapparent infection in hamsters. The fact of not having a highly susceptible experimental model to the infection for L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lindenbergi, the objective of this study was evaluate the susceptibility of BALB/c and Swiss mice, hamsters and Proechimys roberti to the infection for those two species. It was prepared inoculums with salivary glands and without glands for each group of animals, associated to the promastigotes. The experimental animals, of both sexes, were inoculated intradermally in the dorsal surface of back feet and they were observed for 90 days. In the period of 30, 60 and 90 days after inoculation, the animals were sacrificed and different fragments of skin of the inoculation place were used in the culture, microscopic exam and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was not possible to observe lesions in the animals inoculated with L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lindenbergi even at the presence or absence of salivary glands. As well as, forms amastigotes during 30, 60 and 90 days after the inoculation. In the culture, all the animals inoculated with L. (V.) lindenbergi haven’t developed promastigotes. For the other hand, BALB/c mice inoculated with L. (V.) naiffi presented positively when sacrificed 30 days after inoculation. PCR presented low sensibility compared to the culture. This way, we concluded that L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lindenbergi is species that present low infectivity and none of the animals used in the study experimental model can be considered highly susceptible to the infection for those two species.
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Caracterização de espécies de Leishmania isoladas de Flebotomíneos sp. de três ecótopos da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) DIAS JUNIOR, Manoel Guacelis de Sena; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The American cutaneous leishmaniasis (LTA) is an infectious disease, with a high frequency of zoonosis, endemic in the Amazon region, transmitted by sand flies of generous Psychodopygus and Lutzomyia. Serra dos Carajás, located in southeastern Pará, is widely exploited by extractive companies and as a result, the LTA would be transformed into a major health problem to workers because of the practice of deforestation and construction of roads for drainage of the ore. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural infection in the sand fly by Leishmania in the Serra dos Carajás region through the PCR. Catches of sandflies were held in three different areas, Parque Zoobotânico de Quarentena, APA do Gelado and Tapirapé-Aquirí, with CDC-type of light traps and Shannon, during the night from the evening twilight. The sand flies captured were identified according to Young & Duncan, 1994, and frozen in N2. 5.947 sandflies were frozen, being 3.495 females and among these 550 specimens were tested. The extraction of DNA was performed using SDS and KOAc and it was precipitated with ethanol 96%. Subsequently, the PCR was performed by amplifying the mini-exon gene with the primers S1629 (5' GGGAATTCAATAWAGTACAGAAACTG 3') and S1630 (5' GGGAAGCTTCTGTACTWTATTGGTA 3'). The DNA of Leishmania was detected in 36 (6,5%) sand flies, 34 of subgenus Viannia detected in 30 Psychodopygus wellcomei/ complexus, three Lutzomyia whitmani and a Lutzomyia shawi. Two infections by Leishmania amazonensis was detected in Psychodopygus wellcomei/ complexus. Tapirapé - Aquirí, APA do Gelado and Parque Zoobotânico de Quarentena showed high rates of natural infection in sand flies 6.54%, 5.96% and 7.92% respectively. Ps. wellcomei/complexus still presents as Leishmania vector that cause LTA. Studies on the power of vector species Lu. whitmani and Lu. shawi naturally infected by Leishmania in the Serra dos Carajás should be intensified, if these species may be acting in the cycle of transmission of LTA in Serra dos Carajás. Studies that best explain the variation of the prevalence of different sandflies species and knowledge of the rate of infections should be also intensified in Serra dos Carajás.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição ao conhecimento do escorpionismo e do escorpião Tityus obscurus Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), de duas regiões distintas no Estado do Pará na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-21) PARDAL, Pedro Pereira de Oliveira; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui
Introduction: Tityus obscurus Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) is a senior synonymous of T. paraensis Kraepelin, 1896 and T. cambridgei Pocock, 1897. It is widely distributed in the Brazilian Amazon basin and is considered the most important species responsible for scorpion stings. There were several differences in the clinical manifestations of envenomation by this species. Objective: To contribute for the knowledge of scorpionism by T. obscurus in Brazilian Amazon. Methods: We describe and compare the clinical and epidemiological findings of envenomation by T. obscurus in eastern and west areas of the state of Para. The composition of the venom, morphometric measures and DNA analysis of specimens captured were also compared between study areas. Results: From Jan 2008 to Jul 2010 were included 48 patients with confirmed envenomation by T. obscurus. Most of them came from the eastern region (70.8%). Median age groups were similar in both areas. Most scorpion stings took place during the day and occurred significantly on the upper limbs. The time between the sting and admission to the health center was less than three hours in both areas. Most eastern patients had local manifestations while in the west, systemic manifestations predominated. Local symptoms were similar in both areas, but systemic signs and symptoms were more common in the west. Symptoms frequently observed at the sting site were local and radiating pain, paresthesia, edema, erythema, sweating, piloerection and burning. The systemic manifestations were higher in patients from the west. Furthermore, neurological symptoms, such as general paresthesia, ataxia, dysarthria, myoclonus, dysmetria, and electric shock-like sensations throughout the body were reported only by patients from the west. Mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA showed a polymorphism of 9.06% with divergence from 9.7 to 11% forming two distinct at Neijgbor-Joining and Máxima Parcimônia. There were 18 and 20 specimens captured in west and in eastern regions, measuring between 62.15 to 85.24mm. The largest specimens were captured in the west. Multivariate analysis showed a significant difference between specimens from both sites. The analysis of venom by mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography showed significant differences in both the composition and concentrations of venom components. The venom of specimens captured in west showed a high concentration of compounds with affinity for K+ and Na+ channels. Conclusion: There are a regional diversity in several aspects of envenomation by T. obscurus Gervais, 1843, in the state of Para. The geographical separation promotes, probably, a speciation of specimens, forming two distinct lineages, with 16S rRNA divergences and different length, chemical composition of venom and clinical manifestations of envenomations. The authors suggest a taxonomic review of this species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de Mycobacterium lepra por PCR em "SWAB" nasal e "SWAB" da linfa do lóbulo da orelha de pacientes hansenianos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-30) PONTES, Ana Rosa Botelho; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Recently some studies have used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique for detection of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA, in diverse biological samples, demonstrating high sensitivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the PCR in the detection of M. leprae in nasal swab and lymph swab from ear lobe of leprosy patients and to compare the results of the PCR with the bacilloscopy and histophatology and multibacillary and paucibacillary forms of leprosy. Nasal secretion samples and lymph of the lobe of the ear of 24 leprosy patients had been collected. For amplification of the DNA three pairs of primers had been tested: S13 and S62, R1 and R2, LP1 and LP2 that amplify fragments of 531 DNA of pb, 372pb and 129pb, respectively. The primers LP1 and LP2 had expressed greater sensitivity, independent of the clinical samples. The results of the PCR had been highly significant for the nasal secretion samples (p<0.0000) and significant for specimens of lymph of the lobe of the ear (p=0.0000). Comparing the results of the PCR, using primers LP1 and LP2 and conservante lise 1, with the bacilloscopy and histophatology, the studies had pointed that the PCR, in nasal secretion samples, got greater sensitivity for the MBs forms (41,67%), followed of the bacilloscopy (25%) and histophatology (8,33%). In the PBs forms, sensitivity was considered same between the PCR and the histophatology (8,33%). The bacilloscopy did not present sensitivity (0%). In the samples of the lymph of the lobe of the ear, the bacilloscopy demonstrated to greater sensitivity for the MBs forms (25%), followed of the PCR (20,83%) and histophatology (16,7%). In the PBs forms, the PCR and histophatology had presented same sensitivity (4,17%). It did not have sensitivity in the bacilloscopy (0%). The PCR, although not to demonstrate a 100% sensitivity it is a tool with future perspectives to assist in the monitoring of the treatment and cure of the leprosy patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção do Mycobacterium leprae pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em amostras de tecido e SWAB pós - biópsia de pacientes portadores da hanseníase
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-12-01) ALMEIDA, Maria das Graças Carvalho; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The Mycobacterium leprae DNA of the samples of tissue fragments and swab pos biopsy conserved in lysis buffer solution 2 and swab pos biopsy conserved in lysis buffer solution 1, removed of leprosy lesions of 20 patients with different clinical forms of the illness, was submitted to the amplification for the PCR, aiming at to evaluate the sensitivity of this method. The extration of the DNA was carried through by the technique of modified phenol-chloroform and had been used for the amplification three pairs of primers, LP1/LP2, R1/R2 and S13/S62 that amplify fragments of 129pb, 372pb and 531pb, respectively. Of the patients in study, 55% were paucibacillary and multibacillary 45%. The PCR with primer LP1/LP2 detected 40%, being 15% PB and 25% MB of the samples conserved in lise 1 and, of the conserved ones in lise 2 had been 15%, being 5% PB and 10% MB; primer R1/R2 detected 15%, with 5% in PB and 10% in MB in lise 1, in lise 2 did not have amplification; primer S13/S62 did not amplify the samples in lise 1 and amplified only 10% in lise 2, being one of each group. The bacilloscopy of skin smears presented positives results for 20% patient dos MB and was negative for all PB; the histophatology was positive for 30%, being 20 % for PB and 10% for MB. The PCR with primer LP1/LP2 left to detect DNA of the Mycobacterium leprae in 60% of the samples, the bacilloscopy in 80% and the histophatology in 70%. Due to reduced sensitivity of the PCR in the samples conserved in lise 2, in this study the best ones resulted had been gotten in samples of swab pos biopsy conserved in lysis buffer solution 1, with DNA extracted for the phenol method chloroform modified and amplified for primer LP1/LP2.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do microcultivo in vitro para o isolamento de Leishmania sp no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-29) CASTRO, Nádile Juliane Costa de; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Leishmania parasites have variability of species in the Amazon region and its correct identification is necessary to isolate them. Currently for the isolation of the parasite and subsequent diagnosis of the disease have used the technique of in vitro microculture. Hence, the aim of our study was to optimize the in vitro microculture technique for isolation of Leishmania sp. to contribute to the identification of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis circulating in the state of Pará For isolation beyond the microculture was analysed the technique of vacuum aspiration adapted, and parasite viability at temperatures under 25°C. Was used 18 hamsters infected with samples from clinical cases of CL, 3 L. (L). amazonensis 2 and L. (V). braziliensis which held 56 culture by vacuumaspiration in NNN media, 12 in microtubes and 23 in microcapillaries with RPMI media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin-Gentamicin maintained between 25°C and 31°C. For the second stage, participated in seven patients, a total of 6 cultures by vacuum aspiration and 42 by microcapillary. It was remained at low temperature 7 tubes with NNN which were kept at 5°C. It was observed that the isolates by vacuumaspiration samples of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in hamsters were susceptible to adaptation of the technique, differently of samples of patients. The positivity ranged between 2-8 days and 4 and 5 days respectively. The microtubes were positive for the same samples of hamsters in the period 5-8 days. For samples of patients, 2/12 tubes by vacuum-aspiration were positive for isolation and in microcapillaries 6/42 less than the values found in literature. The samples stored at 5°C showed viability until 30º day. Thus, we find that the microculture is viable for use within our region.
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Estudo dos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do escorpionismo na Região Metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-27) COELHO, Johne de Souza; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The scorpionism or accident by scorpion is a public health problem in all Brazilian regions. In the North Region, is the State of Pará which more notifies the occurrence of cases. The municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) are that more have presented studies about these accidents, but in a few cases there was evidence the scorpion aggressor. The main objective of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological aspects of accidents caused by scorpions in RMB. Were performed the identification, characterization and evaluation of medical importance of scorpions responsible for scorpionisms, donated to the Center for Toxicological information of Belém (CIT-Belém). After notification procedure and medical care of victims, it was traced the clinical and epidemiological profile of the accident victims between January 2007 to June 2015. The municipalities of RMB that presented 55 accidents demonstrably caused by scorpion were Belém (50.9%), Ananindeua (47.3%) and Benevides (1.8%). The scorpions identified are native species in the region: the Tityus obscurus Gervais, 1843 (76%), dark in color that reaches up to 87,95 mm in length and the Tityus silvestris Pocock, 1897 (24%), yellowish with dark spots that reaches up to 45,84 mm of length. The two species injured people preferably into domicile and during the day, the garments were the common location that hid the scorpion T. silvestris before cause the accident (53.8%), while the most frequent shelter of T. obscurus were the fruits (35.5%). The cases occurred with greater frequency in individuals between 30 and 44 years of age, being hands the most common anatomical site for stings, there was no predominance of gender in victims. The majority of victims to T. obscurus presented local manifestations of poisoning (83.3%), some have evolved with systemic manifestations (11.9%), all the victims by T. silvestris had local manifestations and of these 23% evolved to clinical condition of systemic poisoning. All victims after answer evolved to high with total cure. We conclude that occurs scorpion envenomation in RMB by two native species in the Amazon, T. obscurus and T. silvestris with morphological differences and epidemiological characteristics. It is the first time that reports systemic symptoms in poisoning by T. silvestris revealing the medical importance of this species. Studies of the poison of this should be carried out to check their real importance in public health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotomicrografia digital para estudos taxonômicos de Flebotomíneos do subgênero Psychodopygus do estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SANTOS, Thiago Vasconcelos dos; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Sandflies are a group of insects of great medical interest, added by its vectorial association with the leishmaniasis. The correct identification of these species in the field is essential in the entomological research and control of vectors of Leishmania, principally in the state of Pará, where the Phlebotomine fauna is so diversified when we comparing to the Brazilian sum. However, this practical has been carried through for technician trained on the basis of the brought up to date “key” in 2003, supported for manual drawings of some researchers, that many times are of difficult agreement. Thus, this study it aimed to present the relevance of the use of the digital fotomicrography as an instrument of support for the identification and register of sandflies of the Psychodopygus subgenus. It was used as metodological boarding, the capture of images of blades of the collection of the Sandflies Insectary, Leishmaniais Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute, of several areas of epidemiological studies in Pará, in the period of 1970 until the present time, by the systems: Axiostar, Canon via Phototube and overlapping conventional camera over ocular the microscope. From the captured images, a database was constructed in accordance with the taxonomical hierarchy of Phlebotominae that had been later compared with traditional illustrations of identification keys. In the total of 2105 blades, 222 images of sandflies had been gotten. A data base contend 344 images referring to the 17 species of Psychodopygus was prepared diring the study. We conclude that the images of the structures drawn for different researchers throughout the years inside presented differences translating subjectiveness of interpretation for the same species of the Psychodopygus subgenus; thus the digital fotomicrography demonstrates to be a resource of great utility and importance, which had to present advantages, as: better quality of images, durability, fidedignity with the real observed and technological pratice, providing bigger security and or trustworthiness to the professional during the epidemiological inquiry.
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Infecção do trato urinário em crianças de um hospital público do Pará-Brasil: perfil clínico-epidemiológico e genotipagem dos uropatógenos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) LOPES, Cássia de Barros; CARNEIRO, Irna Carla do Rosário Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4389330944043163; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases of childhood and in 80 to 90% of the cases are caused by bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which have emerged in the worldwide as ESBL producer, one of the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactans. UTI prevalence in children, as well as another variable as gender, age, fever, most common bacteria, presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and of renal scars; were evaluated between January 2006 and March 2009, in a public hospital in Belém, northern Brazil. And in the period of April to August of 2009 isolates of E.coli and K.pneumoniae were obtained from the urine samples of children and evaluated phenotypically using the method automated of characterization of ESBL, Vitek2 system. PCR was used to determine whether the genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M1 were present ineach organism. There were 199 confirmed cases of UTI during the study period, 54.2% were female, 46.2% were under 02 years old, fever occurred in 37.3% of cases, VUR was identified in 38.6% of children with UTI and renal scarring in 38%, the most common bacteria was E.coli (60%). We isolated 43 samples (E.coli and K.pneumoniae, 74.4% and 25.6%, respectively), 95% were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 23.2% had ESBL phenotype. The blaCTX-M1 was the most prevalent gene, found in 19 strains, followed blaTEM (18 strains) and blaSHV (8 strains) genes. This study showed that bacteria with resistance profile of ESBL circulate in the hospital environment in Belém and the genes blaCTX-M1, blaTEM and blaSHV are present in E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing UTI in children in northern Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação da prevalência da amebíase em escolares do município de Imperatriz-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BELFORT, Marcia Guelma Santos; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica and an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies have reported a high prevalence of in tropic amebiasis al regions, especially in communities living in poor sanitary conditions. The epidemiological study of amoebiasis has been reevaluated since E. histolytica, pathogenic form, was distinct from E. dispar, non-pathogenic form. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of E. histolytica in the population of the municipal city Imperatriz (MA). We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 405 students. By the screening of the complex E. histolytica / E.dispar parasitological examination was performed using the sedimentation method. The positive samples for E.histolytica/ E.dispar complex were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for species differentiation. For initial amplification by the PCR we used a outer primer set E1 and E2 that amplified a 1076 bp fragment and followed by a multiplex PCR using inner primer set Ed-L/Ed-R and Eh-L/Eh-R E.histolytica and E.dispar respectively. No sample showing positivity for E. histolytica The prevalence of E.dispar in the population was 2.7% (11/405). The PCR proved important tool for the differential diagnosis of Entamoebas. However, studies on the prevalence of amoebiasis should be conducted in population with different characteristics, in order to contribute effectively to define the epidemiological situation of this infection in Imperatriz city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação de Leishmania SP em carrapatos de cães de bairros de Imperatriz-MA, através da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FREITAS, Milena Sousa; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania, can affect humans and animals depending on the species of the parasite, transmitted by sandflies are female insects of the genus Lutzomyia, that in exercising hematophagism inoculated infective promastigote forms, but recently has been raised hypotheses about the transmission by ticks. According to the epidemiological surveillance of Imperatriz-MA is a city endemic for both Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LT) and for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). This study aimed to investigate the presence of Leishmania spp in ticks collected from dogs presented to petshop and Zoonoses Control Centre of the Municipality of Imperatriz using the PCR technique. DNA was extracted from 640 female ticks and tested using the primer which amplifies the mini-exon gene of Leishmania sp. Ticks were collected from 41 dogs of different neighborhoods of Imperatriz. Most ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The following clinical signs of leishmaniasis in dogs were observed: onychogryphosis in 53.65% (22/41); ulcers 63.41% (26/41), hair loss and loss of appetite in 39.02% (16 / 41). One hundred and seventy ticks (26.56%) of 16 dogs had collected DNA from Leishmania subgenus Viannia, responsible for the cutaneous form of the disease. DNA was not detected none of Leishmania infantum chagasi. Infected ticks were collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Although it has not been shown that ticks can transmit Leishmania to dogs under natural conditions, the outcome of this study has several important because it is a non-invasive method of detection, able to differentiate groups of parasites in circulation, particularly if animals do not have lesions, may be a biological indicator in places where there is an investigation done serological and entomological not and can support the programs of the local health surveillance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação do perfil sorológico e detecção do DNA de Leishmania spp. em cães de áreas endêmicas para Leishmaniose tegumentar americana no estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) ALVES, Ana Camila Oliveira; RAMOS, Patrícia Karla Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9369669215667717; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Despite the records of dogs infected by Leishmania spp., the role of animals in the transmission cycle of the agents of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) transmission has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of the canine infection in rural localities from Ulianópolis, Dom Eliseu and Rondon do Pará county, where so far no reported cases of human or canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). From May to December 2011, were investigated 224 dogs in rural areas of three counties. From dogs with lesions were collected material for the direct detection of parasites. For indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were used as antigen promastogotes L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) shawi, L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (L.) infantum chagasi, reagents be considered sera with titers equal to or greater than 40. The DNA extraction from blood sample was performed using phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, which was subsequently used for molecular detection by the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR). Primers S1629 and S1630 were used to amplify the mini-exon genes. Of the 224 dogs studied, 18 (8,04%) had lesions suggestive of ATL, of which only five was positive for the direct detection of parasites. In the serologic survey, 118 (52,68%) canine serum were reagent at least on of the antigens tested, with the highest percentage of global agreement (91,96%) was found in the association between the results of the antigens of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) shawi. In molecular research, among the 74 (33,04%) dogs with positive PCR detected DNA from Leishmania subgenus Viannia in 68 (91,89%), and four (5,40%) animals DNA L. (L.) amazonensis, whereas two (2,70%) dogs had mixed infection. No DNA was found compatible with L. (L.) infantum chagasi. The high frequency of dogs with reactive serum and the detection of DNA from Leishmania indicating the presence of infected dogs and greater circulation of the subgenus Leishmania Viannia than L. (L.) amazonensis in this region, however even with a large number of animals without clinical signs lerger studies are still needed to clarify the role of dogs in the transmission cycle of agents of the ATL.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação dos genes Bla SHV, Bla TEM e Bla CTX-M produtoras de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido em E. coli e Klebsiella spp isoladas de gestantes com infecção do trato urinário atendidas em unidade básica de saúde de Imperatriz-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) OLIVEIRA, Adriana dos Santos; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Beta-lactamases are produced by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. About 40% to 50% of women developed a urinary tract infection during their adult life. The aim of the present study was the characterization of genes Bla SHV, Bla TEM e Bla CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing extended-spectrum E. coli and Klebsiella spp isolated from pregnant women with urinary tract infection treated at a Basic Health Unit of Empress - MA from May to August 2012. The study included 50 pregnant women over 18 years who presented with symptoms clinical characterization of urinary tract infection (UTI), referenced in the clinic in the Basic Health Empress - MA. Urine was collected for urine culture and sensitivity of achievement, subsequently was performed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of genes Bla SHV, Bla TEM e Bla CTX-M, enzymes producing beta-lactamases. The mean age of these patients was 21 years, 42% being aged 18 to 25 years, 70% of these fixed address in Empress and the other 30% come from other municipalities. Among these, 24% of the volunteers already had UTI during pregnancy and pregnancy out of state and 80% of them reported using antibiotics without prescription. Of the 12 samples with positive microbiological growth, 11 were positive for Escherichia coli with the antibiogram results that were resistant to the antibiotic cephalothin at 91.7%. Being isolated, a strain of Klebsiella spp, and this was resistant to all antibiotics tested. By analyzing the results of PCR samples isolated three genes Bla SHV, Bla TEM e Bla CTX-M, were not observed in samples P9, P11 and P12, but in the other samples was the occurrence of at least one of the genes. This study confirmed the presence of three types of genes (Bla SHV, Bla TEM e Bla CTX-M) among the samples studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania/HIV em pacientes atendidos em unidades de referência do município de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) PINHEIRO, Silvia Cristina da Silva; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
In order to investigate the prevalence of Leishmania infection in HIV seropositive patients without co-infection history, a cross-sectional study by analyzing clinical and epidemiological data from patients enrolled in AIDS Reference Units in Belém: CASA DIA and URE-DIPE were carried out between July and October 2008. Blood samples were collected from 377 patients that agreed to participate in the study for IFI and PCR assay and 55 of them were submitted to skin test, IDRM . The mean age was 38.2 years and 59% were female. The viral-load medians among 249 patients who had complete information about this variable were 30952.2. IFI was positive in 08 patients and PCR was positive in 22. A total of 314 patients were treated with HAART. We recorded 218 patients with episodes of diseases associated to HIV condition. Five patients related M. leprae / HIV co-infection, and none of them showed positive results by PCR for Leishmania. The intravenous drug use was related by 27 patients but the PCR was positive for Leishmania in only one patient, indicating that the transmission type was not inter-human. Among the patients who were submitted to IDRM, none of them showed positive reaction. In the present study, the PCR technique was more sensitive than IFI reaction, 6% and 2% respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência da co-infecção por Leishmania sp. em pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos pelo Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Lúcio André Martins da; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The co-infection with Leishmania-HIV-AIDS is a serious public health problem in most of the world. However, cases of coinfection remain underestimated, since leishmaniasis is not AIDS-defining illness. It was conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 2011 to February 2012, with the objective to investigate the prevalence of co-infection HIV/Leishmania in patients enrolled in the cityprogram STD/AIDS in the Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA. The study population consisted of 199 individuals. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire to obtain demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological data, and it was also performed tests through collection of biological material (blood) of all patients for detection of infection with Leishmania sp., through laboratory tests (CD4 and CD8 counting) and PCR research. Among the patients it was observed similarity between the frequency of gender, 49.2% male and 50.8% female, with an average age of 40 years. It was observed that 61.8% have a low level of education and 69.3% have an income of up to minimum wage. 2.01% (4/199) of patients analyzed presented coinfection Leishmania/HIV. From these, 3 showed mixed infection with Leishmania (V.) sp and Leishmania (L.) amazonensis causing ATL, and one patient infected by Leishmania (L.) chagasi, causing VL. Comparing the risk factors, comorbidities and complications among patients analyzed it was observed that malaria was the only factor that proved significant at around 10.05%. This was the first study that investigates the Leishmania HIV coinfection in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão and identification of coinfected patients was of fundamental importance to the service as from which will be able to then follow up these patients. This study provided the magnitude of the prevalence of co-infection Leishmania/HIV. Thus, we suggest that the anti-Leishmania test is performed on all subjects with HIV/AIDS, and are incremented public policies for this problem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de técnica de biologia molecular para detecção do Mycobacterium leprae, em combinação com a avaliação dermatoneurológica, no diagnóstico precoce dos contatos intradomiciliares de hanseníase
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-28) PONTES, Ana Rosa Botelho; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The purpose of this study was to apply the technique of molecular biology in nasal secretion sample from household contacts of leprosy patients, in combination with dermatological and neurological assessments, improving the early diagnosis of leprosy. The study was conducted in health municipal units of Belém-PA, from February 2013 to April 2015. The sample consisted of 154 household contacts and 58 index cases of leprosy, totaling 212 subjects. Data collection was through epidemiological record, dermatologic and neurological evaluations and BCG scar examination. A nasal secretion sample from each subject for the PCR was collected. In index cases, positive PCR was in the age group of 40-59 years (35.0%), in multibacillary (MB) form (80,0%); cases with 7 to 9 skin lesions (35.0%) and with no enlarged nerves (40.0%). All positive index PCR cases show signs and symptoms of leprosy (34.5%) and most do not have BCG scar (65.0%). Among the contacts, positive PCR prevailed in females (63.9%); in the age group 20-39 years (44.4%); family income of a minimum wage (47.2%); student occupation (33.3%) and completed high school (36.1%). The strongest evidence of positive PCR in index cases and contacts was in multibacillary, respectively (37.2% and 25.6%). Proves to be a highly significant correlation between clinical signs and symptoms with PCR in nasal secretion of multibacillary contacts, indicating that if they get sick are more likely to reproduce the same operating way of index cases. The highest percentage of positive PCR was in contact with the absence of BCG scar (25.8%). The association between the signs, symptoms and PCR indicates that contacts with positive PCR have 07 times more likely to show signs and symptoms of leprosy. In estimating the potential risk for the development of leprosy in contacts, we identified 22 (14.3%) at intermediate risk and 06 (3.9% 0) at high risk. One hundred and forty-four (144) contacts said that they have daily contact with the index case (93.5%) and of these 36 (25.0%) were positive for PCR. The treatment of index cases led to a reduction of PCR positivity in both modes of operation. The correlation between PCR and the degree of disability of the index cases, grade 1 was more prevalent (55.0%). M. leprae DNA detection in the nasal secretion of household contacts for PCR, in association with dermatological and neurological assessments, raises the effectiveness of early diagnosis of leprosy, contributing to the control of the disease in the community.