Navegando por Orientadores "LOPES, Maria Aparecida"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da população de Botos-do-Araguaia (cetacea: iniidae: inia araguaiaensis hrbek et al., 2014) no Baixo Rio Tocantins, Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-17) MOREIRA JUNIOR, Reginaldo Haroldo Medeiros; LIMA, Neusa Renata Emin de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9249838863447997; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The aims of this study were to estimate the abundance and home range size of Araguaian river dolphin’s (Inia araguaiaensis), to characterize their habitat, and to describe their habitat use in lower Tocantins River, Eastern Amazonia. Data were collected in November 2015 and March 2016. When encountered, the dolphins were counted and photographed, their location was recorded and environmental parameters (depth and turbidity) and landscape parameters (distance from sightings to the Cametá market) were measured. Abundance was estimated by marking and recapture method allied to photo identification, and home range was measured by minimum convex polygon method and by Kernel density estimator. Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate dolphins’ habitat use patterns. Solitary animals and assemblies of up to eight individuals were observed (X ̅ = 6,43 ± 1,13 individuals). Thirteen individuals were identified and a total of 18 dolphins were estimated in the area. Estimated home range and core area were up to 14.55 km² and 5.25 km², respectively. A high frequency of records occurred in front of Cametá market. The distance from sightings to this market was the only metric with a significant effect on habitat use (GLM, z = 2.79, p <0.01). This high frequency is associated with food provision to dolphins in the market.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento e dieta de um grupo de macacos-aranha-da-cara-branca, Ateles marginatus (É. Geoffroy, 1809), no sul da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) SOARES, Paola Cardias; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The distribution of precipitation over the months, influences on annual distribution of food resources and how these resources can be found in an environment causes primates to adopt different strategies in order to gain access to them. In our study, we evaluated the variations in behavior and diet of the white whiskered spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) at the Cristalino Private Reserve. The primates were followed and behavioral and diet data was systematically collected over nine months, between September 2011 until May 2012, through the scan sampling method. The variation concerning activity budget, use of space and diet was analyzed for three periods characterized by distinct rainfall amounts (early rains, rainfall peak and transition from rain to drought). At the peak of the rains, the primates apparently maximized its energy consumption, moving more (43.8%) so as to have more access to fruits, which were probably more available in the environment, eating more fruits (96.5%) and resting less (18.5%). Upper height classes (>20 to 30 meters) were most widely used during periods of rain, both at the beginning and in the peak, at least in part as a way to shelter from the rain and the ranging area and daily journey lengths were higher at the early rains period. There was a predominance of females in the subgroups, with males being more recorded (36.2%) at the beginning of the rainy season, probably to copulate, an activity that had most of their records occurring in one month (December) for that same period. Largest subgroups were recorded during periods of increased precipitation, and smaller sub-groups in drier times seem to be part of the strategy to avoid intraspecific competition. The diet was mostly frugivorous, being distinguished in the transition from rain to drought, not only by the lower contribution of ripe fruits (54.3%) as well as the contribution of young leaves (35.8%), when compared to the other two periods, when ripe fruits composed more than 70% of the diet. Diet diversity of ripe fruit was concentrated in a small number of key species of fruit trees and the fruits used to be swallowed whole, with the disposal of seed being unusual and occurring only for few species. Seeds ingested passed intact by the digestive tract of spider monkeys and caterpillars’ consumption was limited to a short period of time, constituting an alternative source of protein. Alternative items like decaying wood and earth from termite nests in months of low rainfall seem to complement the diet at the same time that also supply the primates’ diet with nutrients such as sodium, calcium and phosphorous, which are less present in ripe fruits, and the consumption of Eichhornia sp., although little recorded, suggests that these aquatic plants are important nutritional content in the diet of these primates. High frugivory of spider monkeys and their ability to disperse intact seeds away from the parent plants, reinforce its importance in the regeneration of forests and justify their conservation and their habitats. Information regarding the behavioral ecology and diet of these primates, though basic, are pioneering and essential to understand the adaptive strategies of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dispersão de sementes por sauins-de-coleira (Saguinus bicolor Spix, 1823; Primates:Cebidae): efeitos do padrão de deslocamento na formação de sombras de sementes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) LIMA, Roberto Guevara Ferreira; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Quantifying the seed shadow generated by a disperser, which is the way seeds are distributed as a function of both the time seeds are retained in its digestive tract and of its ranging patterns through the habitat, is a key step to assess the impact of the seed disperser on structuring and functioning of plant populations and communities. This is the first study concerning the primate S. bicolor as a seed disperser and aimed to investigate the formation pattern of seed shadow in relation to the ranging patterns of the species. The moving of four groups of S. bicolor was monitored in three forest fragments in Manaus, Central Amazonia. The position of the animals in a trail grid was registered at five minutes intervals over the whole period of activity for five days a month over at least 15 months each group. The seed retention time were estimated by records of the time of ingestion, defecation and number of seeds of five species of cultivated fruits offered to four captive tamarins. Seed shadows were estimated by combining ranging patterns data with the seed retention time data. To each group, mean dispersal distance and the proportion of the home range used were obtained on a monthly basis, and their relation was accessed by a simple linear regression. The seed retention time ranged from 27 to 295 minutes (N = 394), with more than half of the seeds being retained up to two hours in the gut, and average number of seeds per defecation was 3,5 (± 3,7; N = 111). Probabilities of seed dispersal out of the vicinity of the parent plant are greater than 80% besides including distances greater than 1 km. For only two groups was verified a relation between the proportion of home range used and the dispersal distance, on a monthly basis, and one of them the explanatory power of the model reached less than 20%. The results indicate that S. bicolor disperses seeds effectively and, like other callitrichines, may contribute to the structuring and regeneration of forest ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia, comportamento e associações poliespecíficas do macaco-de-cheiro (Saimiri sciureus), Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MAGALHÃES, Tatyana Pinheiro; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do sexo, dieta e tamanho de sementes sobre o tempo de retenção em Guariba preto cativo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-30) SANTOS NETO, Raymundo Tomaz Melo dos; MUNIZ, José Augusto Pereira Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4993290160435067; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The effectiveness of a seed disperser depends on the time in which the seeds are retained in their digestive tract and involves several factors such as characteristics of the animals (physiology, morphology, health, age, sex, diet, body mass) and characteristics of the seeds (size , weight and rigidity). These are still largely unknown parameters for A. caraya. In this study we tested the influence of sex, diet, and seed size on the seed retention time (RT) in the digestive tract of howler monkeys using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated-measurements. We used six captive individuals of Alouatta caraya (three of each sex), six seed species (two small, two medium, and two large), and three types of diet (composed of 15, 30, and 60% of leaves). The General Retention Time Mean (RTM) was 1.152 ± 639 min (range: 315-2.050 min) and the General Standard Deviation of the Retention Time (SDRT) was 577 ± 166 (range: 158-1.039 min). Significant influence was observed between the type of diet and the interaction between seed size and diet on RTM. RT was higher for diets comprised of 30% leaf and this effect varied for males and females dependent on seed size, which indicates that diet is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the species as a seed disperser.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da inundação e da antropização sobre padrões de diversidade de árvores da floresta de várzea amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-29) MAGALHÃES, Jose Leonardo Lima; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-5487
The white-water floodplain forest in Amazon (locally várzea) is a highly heterogeneous floodplain ecosystem that encompasses a large number of adapted species. It is distributed along the entire length of the main channel of the Amazon River and of tributaries of Andean origin. In addition, due to periodic flooding by waters with high sediment load, it has high fertility when compared to other Amazonian systems. What on the one hand is important for high primary productivity also makes it the target of human colonization for its benefits to food production. In this sense, because it presents continental dimensions and crosses almost all the biome from East to West, it has been the main access route of present and previous human populations to the most distant points of the basin. All these factors contribute to these forests being an important model for testing diversity patterns along natural and anthropogenic gradients. This thesis is presented in two chapters that use distinct approaches, focusing on different aspects of forest diversity and structure. Chapter 1 examines the phylogenetic structure of the arboreal component of floodplain forests in the Central and Eastern macro-regions and investigates whether the current human presence has modified it, specifically reducing the number of tree lineages present and leading to the phylogenetic homogenization of these forests. Chapter 2 investigates whether the taxonomic diversity and the local and regional tree species found today in the macro-regions of the study are associated with historical patterns of human density since the arrival of Europeans in the region. To reach the objectives, seven areas were sampled along the 2,400 km stretch of the Brazilian portion of the Amazon River, which covers different flood regimes and human influences. Thus, tree individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm were sampled and data were collected in situ and in databases available to be used as predictors variables in modeling tree diversity at different scales. With the results, it was detected that the flood regime is the main factor that influences the phylogenetic structure whereas the human density of almost three centuries ago is responsible for the patterns of taxonomic diversity that are currently found. The diversity patterns were detected in the evolutionary and ecological scale, where it was shown that human influences may have a long-delayed response after they have occurred. Because várzea is a system of relatively easy access in the region and has few protected areas, it is necessary to understand how these forests are important for the maintenance of essential ecosystem services, even though they have been affected by human influence for a long period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do manejo do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) sobre a avifauna em florestas de várzea estuarina na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) NUNES, Raphael de Vasconcelos; LEES, Alexander Charles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8887958109144699; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Human actions and use of natural resources, by removing plant species, food resources or altering the environment’s structure, may have indirect effects on animal communities. The expansion of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) production has been altering floodplain forests through its management actions, resulting in environmental degradation and even substitution of forest for plantation areas, thus causing floristic empoverishment. In this paper we investigate the effects of this species management on the structure of bird community in an insular system of the Amazon River delta. Our hypothesis was that we would find less bird species diversity on managed areas (low and high intensity management) compared to non-managed forest fragments due to the environmental degradation caused by this practice. To assess the diversity and abundance of bird species we conducted point counts with auditory recordings and observations in three sites per treatment. We found a decrease tendency in bird species richness in intensively managed areas; but didn’t detect any changes on bird abundance and diversity in areas managed for açaí fruit production. We found alterations on bird community composition, being this more homogenous in managed areas. The effects of açaí management upon the fauna are still hard to detect but may arise in the future and our results point to the homogenization and species loss in areas subjected to intense management, causing birdlife empoverishment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do tipo de floresta e da estrutura de habitat em assembléias de primatas no sudoeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) ALVES, Sandro Leonardo; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Environmental heterogeneity of natural vegetation types is a key determinant of local primate species richness and abundance. In this study we investigate primate assemblages composition and structure in four types of forest: unflooded (terra firme) forest, open and dense igapó forests (those seasonally inundated by clear water rivers) and cerradão (dense savanna woodland) in the Guaporé Biological Reserve in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. In addition, we evaluate associations between primate occurrence and abundance with structural differences between forests types. We carried out 617.8 km of line-transect census (~154 km per forest type) and evaluated vegetation structure in 108 200 m2 plots (0.54 ha per forest type). Ten primate species were recorded during the 11-month study. Terra firme forest presented the highest primate species richness and density, predominantly as it is the only habitat playing host to Callicebus moloch and has the highest abundance of Sapajus apella. The high density of Ateles chamek in open igapó forest led to this habitat recording the highest primate biomass of any forest type. In the open and dense igapós and terra firme forests, Ateles chamek and Sapajus apella together made up over 70% of primate biomass, whilst in cerradão Sapajus apella accounted for 68% of primate biomass. Differences across forest types in primate species composition and relative abundances were associated with flood regimes and with several habitat structure variables (such as understory and canopy tree densities, canopy openness, total canopy height, and palm and liana densities). Our results reinforce the importance of heterogeneous landscapes in Amazonia, since these areas tend to contribute to elevating species diversity on this spatial scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrão de distribuição de Odonata (Insecta) em sistemas aquáticos com exploração de madeira na Amazônia Oriental: seleção de microhabitat e características morfológicas das libélulas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-06) CALVÃO , Lenize Batista; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Que fatores determinam as escolhas alimentares de micos-de-cheiro?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-06) OLIVEIRA, Bárbara Cunha de; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The nutritional composition of the diet influences the survival and reproductive success of an animal. In primates, food choices may be related to specific nutritional demands of male and female reproduction and may be affected by the social position of individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate if gender, social status and reproductive cycle phases affect the food choices of adult squirrel monkeys (S. collinsi). Food and agonistic behaviors of 13 males and 19 females were observed in three phases of the reproductive cycle. It was evaluated if males and females differ in intake and consumption of macronutrients and if hierarchical position is related to macronutritional consumption. Anova's repeated measures were taken to evaluate if the diet has changed between the phases of the reproductive cycle. Sex differences in food choices were detected only in the reproductive phase when females consumed more protein, lipids and fiber than males, while males consumed more water than females. No social position effects were detected on nutrient intake. When comparing differences in nutritional intake between the phases of the reproductive cycle, it was detected that females significantly increased the carbohydrate intake and the intake rate during the Reproductive phase and lipids, fibers and water in the Pre-reproductive and Reproductive phases. Males increased the consumption of fibers in the Pre-reproductive and Reproductive phases and water increasing progressively until the Reproductive phase. The results reflect differences in the reproductive strategy of males and females: While females invest in food consuming nutrients related to the quality of gestation and lactation, males invest in maintaining the fat/swollen appearance, possibly related to females' attraction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema social do macaco-de-cheiro (Saimiri collinsi) em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) MAGALHÃES, Tatyana Pinheiro; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Most primates live in groups. Despite the advantages, this type of social organization can also increase competition for resources intragroup. The priority access to these resources is linked to dominance hierarchy. The hierarchical positions and social relationships influence the quality of life, for example, changing the reproductive and immune systems. This study characterizes the social hierarchy of the squirrel monkeys, Saimiri collinsi in captivity and examines the influence of intrinsic attributes in the hierarchy. Describes the intragroup associations networks and the relations between associations and the hierarchy and reproductive behavior. Furthermore, describes the care with offspring (parental and alloparental care) and addresses the association between mothers and allomothers in and out of care with offspring period. The results showed that dominance structure of S. collinsi is a partial hierarchy and that it is influenced by the age and body size. The association networks are formed based on sex classes and are not made for age, age-classes, or rank. The associations appear to be related to female power resistance to males sex advances. Moreover, allomothers included females with and without offspring and the association between mothers and allomothers was no different inside and outside of care with infants period.