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Navegando por Orientadores "ROLLNIC, Marcelo"

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    Análise de processos oceanográficos no estuário do rio Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-04) ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    This thesis investigated physical oceanographic processes in the Pará River estuary, focusing on saline intrusion and hydrodynamic process. The choice of this topic arose from the motivation to consolidate the understanding of hydrodynamic and hydrographic issues in the Pará River estuary since this region of the Amazon Coastal Zone still a challenge to researchers. The first step was to define the methods and parameter to get better data in time and space difference. In this context, direct observations were conducted in the estuary in two moments, the low and high river discharge, using velocity, salinity profile (longitudinal and vertical), and temperature profile. Furthermore, in an unprecedented way, it was conducted over a year and ten months salinity and water level (tide) monitoring at strategic points of the estuary. The main conclusions of this research obtained from this data set was the identification of salt water intrusion in the estuary of the Pará River, entering about 100 km from the mouth. The sensitivity of salinity intrusion is affected by river discharge (seasonal variability), and tide energy (daily variability). The Stokes drift generated by tidal propagation in the estuary was the responsible for the net salt flux landward. The innermost portion of the estuary (more than 60 km from the mouth) does not show gravitational circulation and the estuary salt transport above is performed entirely by turbulent diffusion; and the outer portion of the resulting stream reverts to the depth and advective and diffusive processes are important to contribute to the salt transport in the estuary.
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    Aplicação de sísmica de alta resolução em ambiente estuarino amazônico, na investigação de estruturas neotectônicas
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-27) CORRÊA, Alberto Jacques Ribeiro; PINHEIRO, Roberto Vizeu Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3251836412904734; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    Seismic methods of high resolutions have been intensely used on the mapping of the Quaternary, investigation of sedimentary processes, and others. The study area is located in the north region of the state of Pará, between the parallels 1° S and 2° S and the meridians 50.5° and 48.25°, the research being carried out in the submerged areas bordering the Marajó Island in its east and the southeast part, comprising the Bay of Marajó, the mouth of the Tocantins River and Pará River. The high resolution seismic employed in this region aims to tectonic investigation by using the data collected by the acoustic profiler SB-512I from Edgetech, and from these data to identify structural shapes, fractures, subsidence or elevations ruled by tectonism. From the analysis of the seismic data obtained in the study area, nine features were identified interpreted as tectonic occurrences. Due the specificities of equipment and geological characteristics of the region, possible areas of tectonic faults were not detected at great depths by the equipment used, however, they were found in areas where tectonic forces occurred with sufficient intensity to cause visible faults in the mapped pseudo-sections.
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    Avaliação do modelo hidrodinâmico SMC: uma aplicação na Costa Norte Brasileira
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-24) MOTA, Fabíola Cardoso da; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    Coastal environments are highly dynamic because of complex processes that occur in the transition between the ocean and the continent. Climate changes induce changes in the coastal zone that cause decline in economic, environmental and subsistence values. The integrated coastal zone management is a continuous and dynamic process, in which decisions should be taken in order to sustainable development and protection of resources of coastal and marine areas. The main goal of integrated coastal zone management is to improve the life quality of human communities that are dependent of coastal resources, taking into account the maintenance of biological diversity and ecosystems productivity. The coastal modelling system called SMC Brazil was introduced in Brazil by the Ministry of Environment in order to standardize the modeling throughout the coastal zone of the country. This study aims to implement the model SMCBrasil in North Coast of Brazil (Princesa beach- Algodoal Island), evaluate it and analyze the hydrodynamic answers, in order to know more about coastal processes that govern this region. In order to understand the processes in the study area, the methodology consisted in collect in situ data to know about the intensity of coastal parameters. 6 cases were created in the model to represent the wave theories (Linear, Stokes and Composite) and sediment transport (Bailard and Soulsby) for two moments of tide: low tide and high tide. Two mesh grids were created in the study area, and one entry point that would fit better to it and the conditions limits of the model was chosen. The propagated waves by the composed theory represented the study area in question more than the others, and the simulated sediment transport simulated by Soulsby theory suffered less interference of interpolation than the Bailard, since it considers the bed transport and suspension. The simulated cases in this study were based on boundary conditions that more often occur on the study area, so the results can be used as a basin to understanding how the coastal processes occur in it in general way.
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    Caracterização física do estuário do rio Mojuim em São Caetano de Odivelas - PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-25) ROCHA, Adriano Santos da; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    The present study has as objective describe the hydrodynamics, hydrologic and morphological aspects, of estuary of Mojuim River, it is localized in São Caetano de Odivelas city –PA (Salgado Paraense),it is analyzing the variations that happen according sea cycle seasonality (rain regime).The hydrologic and hydrodynamics data was collected in two seasonal period in 2014:March,it corresponds to rainy period (~500 mm)and September, it corresponds to dry period (~100 mm),both during tide of syzygy. The bathymetric survey happened only in the rainy period and it was realized with an echo sounder in a sampling grid with 116 spaced cross profile of 200m.In the estuarine channel,it was defined a section where it was realized profiles of strength measurement and current intensity and output, with ADCP, and in three fixed stations,right bank (RB), center(C),and left bank (LB)it was realized collections of conductivity and turbidity with a CDT and an OBS, in the water column. The pattern of tidal and the salinity they were also obtained with a pressure sensor and conductivity fixed in the LB during 56 days in the rainy period and 57 days in dry ones. The estuarine is shallow (4,5 m of average depth) and it is restrained by a regime of semidiurnal macrotidals. During a tidal cycle the salinity increases in the floods and decreases in the ebb tide in both seasonal periods. Turbidity increases in the floods and it decreases in the ebb tide of the rain period and the value measured in the center (C) is double found in the banks. In the dry period, the salinity was higher to rainy period (average 20 and 8, respectively) .This estuarine presents well mixed; it is vertically homogeneous in the rainy period and highly stratified in the dry. The flood flows occur predominantly at the center section, while the ebb flows predominate in the RB, in the two situations the highest intensity of the current occurs in the rainy season. The estuary is an importer in the two periods, however, more entering in the rainy period (resulting transport of 95,87 m³/s) .These data correspond to the first information on the hydrological and hydrodynamics characteristics of the estuary and they can support further studies in the region.
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    Caracterização hidrodinâmica do Furo da Laura (Rio Guajará-mirim), Amazônia Oriental
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-01) FERNANDES, Aldo Rafael Pascoal; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    Preserve our coastal and estuarine environments are of great importance to local and regional development, as these environments are located most cities and serve as a cradle for several specimens, despite these environments gather information and know their characteristic and seasonal patterns are important aspects. In this context, Laura hole (Rio Guajará-Mirim), transitional estuarine environment and important role in the economic and social framework for coastal communities, cities and surroundings, serves as one of the main routes of fishing inputs to the state. The Hole Laura is a water body adjacent to Marajó Bay, has two connections to the same and is under their direct influence, is located at coordinates UTM 22M, 796169-830035 W and S 9880864-9916228 through it were held three oceanographic, dry season (October 2013), the rainy season (February 2014) and dry (August 2014), this important stream with use of equipment for measurement of geophysical parameters in the region bathymetry, hydrodynamic, tide variation and salinity. There was in possession of these parameters the hydrodynamic behavior, classification and tidal range, phase difference between ebb and flood, salinity trend in the stream in response to the Marajó Bay, besides the identification of morphological features characteristics and seasonal analysis these changes in the collection of sections 1 and 2 pre-established, as well as mapping and preparation of a bathymetric map of the study area.
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    Desenvolvimento de modelo matemático para simulação de transporte de resíduo plástico em estuário amazônico.
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-28) SANTIAGO, Matheus Pamplona; BORBA, Thaís Angélica da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6210073723678433; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-3128; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
    The increasing use of plastics has raised environmental concerns due to the persistence of these materials in marine ecosystems. It is estimated that trillions of pieces of plastic debris are currently in the oceans, with millions of additional tons entering annually through rivers and other terrestrial sources. There is a gap between models of plastic input to the oceans and field observations, indicating the need for more accurate approaches and simulations based on in-situ data. The Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ) emerges as a hotspot for the accumulation of plastic waste, especially in vegetated areas close to large urban centers. Although several numerical models have been developed for the ACZ, none have addressed the transport of plastic waste to date. This pioneering study implemented the first mathematical simulation for plastic transport in an urban estuary on the Amazon coast, specifically in the Guajará Bay, using the urban river (Tamandaré river) as a release site due to the availability of in-situ data for plastic parameterization. The hydrodynamic model (D-Flow), validated by the LAPMAR environmental modeling group, and the water quality module (D-Waq), were implemented using the Delft-3D software. The results show that Guajará Bay is more sensitive to plastic contamination during the dry period, characterized by slow transport of water masses and a reduced capacity for renewal. In contrast, during the rainy season, the tendency is to export plastics, due to the system's greater capacity for renewal. The residence time of the waters of the Tamandaré River in the bay varies from approximately 8.28 days in the period of greatest discharge to 31.76 days in the period of lowest discharge, allowing us to estimate that the waste released by the Tamandaré can reach the Tropical Atlantic Ocean in a range of 36 to 63 days, depending on the seasonal season. The study concludes that Amazon estuaries dominated by positive asymmetric tides favor the import of waste during periods of lower flow and increase exports during periods of higher flow. Temporary plastic retention zones were observed in both seasonal periods for marginal regions of low energy and atypical morphology, such as the coastline close to the port of Belém (BG1) and the mouth of the Guamá River (RG). These retention zones are intensified in the dry season and attenuated in the rainy season, depending on local hydrodynamic variability. Although the study analyzed the dynamics resulting from the input of plastics in a single ebb tide, it did not consider the continuous flow and potential accumulation of plastics over time. This work represents an important initial step towards improving the understanding and methodology of plastics transport in the ACZ.
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    Investigação da influência antrópica na concentração de nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos no entorno da cidade de Belém-PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-30) PORTO, Yuri Paixão Santa Rosa; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
    Water is one of the most important natural resources, especially in the Amazon context. The disorderly population increase and consequent mismanagement of this resource causes worrying environmental changes in terms of its quality. According to the National Sanitation Information System - SNIS, the northern region of the country treats about 22.0% of the sewage generated and in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, below the national average, with 11.3% of sewage collection. The study area encompasses Guajará Bay and adjacent areas such as the Guamá and Acará rivers. Water collections were carried out during the rainy season (May), in 4 sections divided into left bank (ME), middle (M) and right bank (MD) with surface and bottom collections, every 4 hours for 13 hours to analyze the entire tidal cycle. Parameters were analyzed in situ (Temperature, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, turbidity, OD, %OD and total dissolved solids) and in the laboratory (Silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite), in addition to determining the intensity, speed and direction of the current. with the aid of an ADCP to obtain the flow and calculate the nutrient flow. The study area has some more remote places with little or no human influence throughout its extension, and others with untreated domestic and industrial effluent discharge points. The objective of this work is to investigate a possible anthropic contribution in the flow of dissolved inorganic nutrients from the water bodies that bathe the city of Belém-PA and surroundings. The Guamá River near the “alça viária” showed the lowest values of dissolved inorganic nutrients, unlike the Acará River which, despite its geographical distance from the RMB, showed the highest values of nutrient concentration. The mouth of the Guamá river had higher nutrient values on its right bank and the Guajará bay in its central portion, due to the influence of domestic and industrial waste. The Guamá river near the “alça viária” is relatively preserved, with a low concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients, increasing only near its mouth, while the Acará presented higher values mainly due to the intense agricultural activity in the surroundings of its basin. The Guajará Bay, despite receiving discharges from the Acará and Guamá rivers, has lower nutrient values than the two locations, demonstrating its capacity for self-purification and dilution.
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    Métodos de processamento de sísmica rasa em fundos submersos no baixo curso do rio Amazonas
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-02) WATANABE, Fábio Kiyoshi; PINHEIRO, Roberto Vizeu Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3251836412904734; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    The study area is located on northeast region of Pará state, it includes the Pará river, Tocantins river’s outfall and Marajó bay. The study is restricted to Amazon estuarine complex, characterized by coastal lowland regions which have been formed during the Holocene marine transgression which flooded vales of rivers. This work aims to improve the knowledge about the shallow seismic methods in the Amazon, specifically on tributary rivers, applying the X-STAR 3200-XS system. The work’s focus is to enable ways to process the information from this geophysical acquisition system, little used in the region, applying methods of treatment in seismic profiles where it’s possible to perceive the horizontal continuity’s distribution and a better morphological identification, besides that is also important locate the depth of acoustic basement. This work intents to present a methodological proposal to investigate the sedimentary unconsolidated covers deposited in submerged areas of different amazonian environments. From these data a processing flow in the region will be made to explain some aspects, related mainly to its limiters, besides more suitable criteria to a better data acquisition.
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    Modelagem hidrodinâmica 2DH no furo de Laura - Nordeste Paraense
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-23) LOPES, Matheus Santiago; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    The estuarine environments are widely studied over the past decades due to its social, environmental and economic importance. For example, the strategies to contain oil spill are based on hydrodynamic modeling research. The application of numerical models to predict and analyze circulation patterns inside coastal water bodies is growing in the country. In northern Brazil the use of those models is still experimental. In this work was used the software SisBaHia to implement, calibrate and validate a hydrodynamic model to the water body “furo da Laura” (FL), located on Guajara-Mirin river, on the coastal region of northeastern Pará. The model was calibrated with previous data about surface elevation and current speed collected in three periods: dry season of 2013, rainy season of 2014 and dry season of 2014. The flood and ebb tide flow occurs simultaneously in two entrances that the FL presents. The goal was to locate the barotropic convergence and its seasonal variation. It was simulated one month during the rainy season (February) and one month during the dry season (August). It was simulated a lagrangian transport with particles released in Sol bay with an analysis of its horizontal dispersion. The convergence sites were found nearby the south entrance of the FL and the divergence sites have a spatial variation due the tide cycle. The particles released in the Sol bay tend to leave the modeling domain and don’t penetrate the FL, but they contribute with the erosion and sedimentation process that occurs in coast of the Colares Island.
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    Modelagem hidrodinâmica aplicada ao estuário amazônico: uma abordagem em malha flexível
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-19) BORBA, Thaís Angélica da Costa; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    Amazonian Estuary is a very complex system due to its large number of water bodies; it also encompasses four of the 20 largest rivers of world. Several hydrodynamic models have been applied on this system, but its complexity on shape makes difficult the grid definition when curvilinear grid is used. This research aimed the implementation of hydrodynamic model on this, based in flexible mesh grid that is easier to define on this kind of systems than curvilinear grids, and analyze the hydrodynamic patterns within this estuary. The methodology is based on the use of D-Flow in which a flexible mesh can be defined. The model domain encompasses the low course of Amazon River, Tapajós River, Xingu River, Tocantins River, Guajará Bay, Marajó Bay, Breves Strait and Pará River as well as the flood plain area and the adjacent continental shelf. The model presents a quite good calibration values for tidal signal as well as discharge since the Pearson's correlation coefficient presented values bigger than 0.95 for both and rmse presented values smaller than 5% for the former and 15% for the latter. The model also performed well on representation of several scenarios that represented extreme conditions regarding tide and discharge sources of Amazonian Estuary and it showed expected patterns by comparison with in situ data.
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    Modelagem matemática do sistema estuarino dos rios Mojuim e Mocajuba (Pará-BR)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) SANTOS, Arthur Souza dos; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    The estuaries of Mojuim and Mocajuba rivers are located in the eastern sector of the Amazon Coastal Zone and represent a peculiar and complex environment. They are connected by several channels and are receive influence of the Bay of Marajó and the Atlantic Ocean. The following research aims to implement a hydrodynamic model based on a flexible grid on the of Mojuim and Mocajuba rivers estuarine system; and to analyze the hydrological and hydrodynamic characteristics of the upper estuary of these rivers. The methodology involves the use of D-Flow Flexible Mesh pack a get simulate hydrodynamics patterns into the domain that covers the Mojuim Mocajuba rivers, the canals connecting these rivers, part of the mouth of the Bay of Marajó and the adjacent tidal flats. It was also performed an "in situ" systematic data collection, in which parameters of flow, salinity, turbidity and water level were analyzed during a tidal cycle in sites located at the upper estuary of Mojuim and Mocajuba rivers. In the Mojuim river two seasonal campaigns were made in two different sites and in the Mocajuba river only one campaign were made in the rainy season, however, a tide station was installed in this location that operated for 25 weeks. Part of the sample data were used as input to the hydrodynamic model. The upper estuary of Mocajuba river presented a macrotidal regime with maximum height of 5.8m recorded. In the Mojuim river, a gradual attenuation of the tidal wave is noticeable and, in the collection point and in the upper estuary a one-way flow discharge during the rainy season was observed. A different hydrodynamic pattern between the two rivers was also observed, with ebb speed more intense than floods and their hydrological properties directly influenced by the tide fluctuation. Finally a hydrodynamic model in flexible grid was implemented and calibrated in the researched area, where initial and boundary conditions were assigned, as well as adjustments to the border forcing. The model generated a good representation of the estuary conditions, showing acceptable tidal and hydrodynamic pattern when compared with the "in situ" measurement, once the error between the measured data and modeled data related to the water level were less than 5%, and errors related to transportation are lower than 15%.
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    Modelagem tridimensional da hidrodinâmica e transporte sedimentar de um lago amazônico urbano
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-17) CALLADO, Marco Antônio Vieira; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
    Lakes are critical environments for sustaining human well-being, as they regulate local climate conditions, supply potable water, and underpin a wide range of ecosystem services. The continuous monitoring of these systems is essential for elucidating their metabolic processes and for informing effective management strategies for natural resources. This study aims to develop an environmental diagnosis and prognosis for a shallow Amazonian lake located in an urban area—Lago Água Preta—through the application of a three-dimensional numerical model of hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Numerical simulations were performed using the Delft3D-FLOW model, encompassing the region’s seasonal periods: wet and dry seasons. The simulations were driven meteorological variables and physical parameters of the lake, such as air temperature, humidity, cloud cover, solar radiation, bathymetry, water temperature, current velocity, and the inflow/outflow rates. This comprehensive dataset allowed for the construction of a computational environment capable of accurately representing the hydro-sedimentary processes within the lake Model calibration was performed using a one-month time series of water temperature from February (wet season), while validation was carried out with current data and vertical temperature profiles over four months (December, February, April, and June). The simulations presented good statistical indicators, demonstrating the model's reliability. The greatest discrepancies between simulation and observation occurred at points closer to the urban center. These differences are associated with the influence of anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of domestic effluents, or with the narrow morphology of the lake in these areas, which can generate thermal shadow zones. The analysis of circulation and temperature patterns between seasonal periods revealed relatively small differences. Notably, there was an average increase of up to 2 °C in water temperature and approximately 0.02 m/s in current velocity during the warmer period. The most significant differences in average temperature occurred in the lake's daily cycle, varying by about 3°C, with a maximum variation of up to 10°C. Since the lake is fed by an artificial water inflow, this inflow is characterized by an intense discharge with a high sediment load. As it is a shallow lake with a maximum depth of up to 4 meters, this discharge is capable of influencing the lake’s entire metabolism by promoting the resuspension of bottom sediments and redistributing nutrients into the water column. Upon entering the lake, the inflow currents are rapidly decelerated, intensifying sedimentation near the inflow point. This process increases water turbidity and alters the local biotic dynamics, resulting in an environment dominated by phytoplankton and prone to eutrophication processes, which consequently reduce water quality. Therefore, based on the diagnosis provided by the modeling of Lago Água Preta, this study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and control of anthropogenic influences to prevent the progressive degradation of the lake's metabolism. It also underscores the importance of lakes in general, especially when located in urban contexts.
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    Utilização da sísmica de reflexão rasa no estudo da morfodinâmica de rios na região amazônica
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-29) FURTADO, Camila da Cunha; VIZEU, Roberto; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
    The main idea of this research is identify and characterize morphodynamic phenomena present on the lay of the Pará river and foz of the Tocantins river, this area comprises from the Bocas bay unto east portion of the Marajó island. It is a region where exists scarcity of information and data about constitution and morphology of the lay, there is necessity to search new knowledge. Sediment samples from the bottom of the river were collected with the assistance of a Van Veen sampler, 181 (one hundred eighty-one) samples submitted to macroscopic analysis aiming to identify the type of material which composes the bottom. With the data of hydrodynamic modeled assistance was possible to connect the patterns of bottom forms with the sort of sediment which composes the lay and the prevailing hydrodynamic in the local. Based on the seismic data, was possible to identify and map the sonographic patterns in 15 types of echoes, classified in four categories. The less frequent echo types are the ones which present very irregular lays and little or no acoustic signal penetration. Specially the C1 type characterized by diffraction hyperbolas presence and the D1 type which treat responses arising from large deposits of sediments, found just in two forms of acoustic. The most significant bottom forms were identified on the stretch where the Canaticu river flows to Pará river where the principal canal width decreases from 8km to 4km in upper depth to 20m. The adhibition geophysical methods (acoustics), by the use of the Sub-Bottom profiler SB-0512, enable the knowing of the bottom forms, as well as its dimensions that those submerged forms show over the studied region. The way how this region’s lay sets itself and the dimensions that those corps reach can affect the sailing on some river’s stretch, as well as it can affect future civilian building. Therefore, this work opens ways to future more appropriate investigations on the issues mentioned above.
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    Variabilidade sazonal e espacial da qualidade de água em dois lagos amazônicos: Água Preta e Bolonha, Belém, Pará, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-04) ROMÃO, Cryssia da Costa; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
    Located in the Utinga State Park (PEUt), the Bolonha and Água Preta lakes are the main bodies of water that supply the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) with drinking water through the Companhia de Saneamento do Pará (COSANPA), which is responsible for 75% of the supply to this population. Studying and understanding the hydrochemistry of these lakes is of fundamental importance, as environmental conditions and ecosystem services are directly related to the quality of the water in the lakes. The sources of input, such as pumping from the Guamá River, in natura effluent discharges and continental runoff from rainfall, require an enhanced sampling effort throughout the system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the water quality of the Bolonha and Água Preta lakes in order to identify sources of contamination and their effects on the ecosystem and public health. In order to understand and identify the physical-chemical processes and their interactions with anthropogenic activities, hydrodynamics and climate, monthly measurements were taken over 12 months at 20 points in Água Preta Lake and 4 points in Bolonha Lake. Samples were taken at 2 depths (surface and bottom) to obtain water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and total dissolved solids (TDS) using a HORIBA multi-parameter probe. Aliquots were separated for laboratory determination of the following parameters: ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, nitrogen and total phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorophyll-a and total alkalinity. The measured data was statistically analyzed between points and seasonal stations, and the Trophic State Index (TSI) and Water Quality Index (WQI) were calculated.
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