Navegando por Orientadores "RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contribuição da pecuária bovina nas mudanças de uso da terra: uma abordagem multiescala no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) THALÊS, Marcelo Cordeiro; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
Brazilian Amazon has gone through a number of different economic cycles linked to the exploitation of natural resources, integrated with global markets, which have intensified since the 1960s, most recently through the ongoing expansion of agribusiness. During this process of territorial construction, land use changes have occurred heterogeneously in both space and time, with mechanisms operating at a number of different scales. The present study analyzes the shifts in land use and the contribution of cattle ranching to the process of territorial construction based on monitoring methods and indicators applied at varying scales, from the local to the regional, as a contribution to territorial management. In the Brazilian state of Pará, the study was based on the diachronic cartography of the pioneer fronts, which was used to represent and delimit the regional contrasts among these fronts. The relationship between these pioneer fronts and the dynamics of the deforestation process was also analyzed, by period, between 2002 and 2017, which allowed the territories to be classified as (i) consolidated, in which ranching is being intensified, (ii) expanding, in which the fronts are used as a strategy of occupation, and (iii) areas free of deforestation. In the municipality of Paragominas, located in a territory undergoing consolidation, the landscape dynamics were analyzed by superimposing the maps of land use with those of the agricultural aptitude of the land and the distance to the principal highways, with the aim of developing a model for the restoration of the landscape. The local landscape dynamics can be divided into two principal systems of land use, one that is based on the expansion of the pasture in valleys with sandy soils, and the other, based on mechanized farming, which is currently expanding on the clayey plateaus. The analysis of these two systems provided three important insights for the eventual restoration of the landscape. The first point is that the intensification of land use increases the pressure on the forests, principally in the areas most adequate for farming. The second is that the intensification of land use frees up areas that are inadequate for mechanization, and could potentially be used for the restoration of the forest. The third point is that local governance should be employed to define spatially explicit policies capable of transforming the landscape. In the areas sampled, in southeastern Pará, observations were conducted at specific points for visual description of the characteristics of the pasture, which were used to construct a typology of the process of pasture degradation. When this pasture typology is related to the vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI-2, NDII-5, NDII-7) extracted from Landsat 7 (ETM+) images, it can be noted that the well-formed pasture, which is associated with a reduction in the cover and height of the vegetation, was also related to a reduction in the vegetation indices. In degraded and degrading pasture, there was a lack of precision in the differentiation of the well-formed pasture. The degraded pastures or those undergoing biological degradation were identified better, but still imprecisely in comparison with the well-formed pasture with low vegetation cover, whereas the pasture undergoing agricultural degradation was confused with the well-formed pasture with a medium to high percentage of vegetation cover. This approach has considerable potential for the monitoring of areas of pasture, but needs to be refined. The analyses at different scales reflect the importance of understanding shifts in land use during the process of territorial construction, with the primary objective of transforming this knowledge into an easily-understood diagnostic tool that should facilitate adequate decision-making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos do solo e composição química de folhas de mangue vermelho (Rhizophora mangle L.) em um manguezal e área transicional em São João de Pirabas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) NASCIMENTO, Bruno Delano Chaves do; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Mangroves are characteristic coastal ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions of great social and ecological importance. At Amazon these ecosystems represent more than half of mangrove areas of Brazil (about 70%) and are renowned for their great exuberance and magnitude related to regular distribution of rainfall, high temperatures, the large tidal range (> 4m) and the supply of sediments from the rivers of this region. Changes in water characteristics and physic-chemical soil properties can cause changes in nutrient dynamics in these ecosystems. In transitional environments these characteristics are altered and may have effects on the concentration of nutrients in the ecosystem compartments. In order to differentiate these transitional environments and the actual mangrove environments for the concentration of nutrients, this study aims to determine the nutrient content in the soil, in Rhizophora mangle L. leaves and leaf litter in these two types of environments in two seasonal periods, in a mangrove of the Amazon coast. Samples were collected in the drier month (September 2011) and in the rainy month (April 2012) in the two areas and subjected to chemical analysis for the concentration of macro (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, S, P, N, C) and micro nutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe). We also analyzed the physico-chemical properties of the soil (Eh, pH and salinity) and the granulometry of the ground. The results show higher nutrient concentrations in the fringe mangrove soil when compared to the transition zone (mangrove x secondary forest), indicating that the Eh, which is lower in the first influenced by the proximity to the sea and the highest frequency of flooding by tides, is the main differentiating factor in the concentration of soil nutrients. The nutrients in the Rhizophora mangle L. leaves not differ significantly from one environment to another and do not follow the same pattern of soil concentration on the two areas studied, however, the leaves nutrients are more influenced by the difference of a climatic period for other. Thus, the red mangrove trees of the transition zone can maintain a concentration of nutrients similar to the fringe of the forest, and the structural difference of the woods is more related to soil particle size than the nutritional relationship, since these trees have physiological mechanisms for the maintenance and selection of nutrients, such as N which could be a limiting nutrient in these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos do solo e interação com folhas de serapilheira em manguezais da ilha de Itarana e comunidade Caranã, São João de Pirabas, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-26) SOUZA, Marina Lopes de; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Mangroves are coastal ecosystems situated in the land-sea interface, under constant influence of the dynamics of the tides. It is known that this ecosystem is considered one of the most productive in the world, due to the large amount of organic matter that is produced and fed into other environments. This productivity, in turn, has its origin both in litterfall produced within the system itself, the inputs of nutrients arising tidal and storm water. The nutrient dynamics in mangroves is linked to factors such as the frequency of flooding by tides, the seasonal period, the topography and biogeochemical processes. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the soil chemical properties and verify the interaction between soil and leaf litterfall in mangroves in northeast Pará, in the rainy and less rainy season. For this, samples of soil and leaf litterfall were collected in different seasonal periods, for analyses of pH, Eh, interstitial salinity, C, N, S, P, Fe, Na +, K +, Ca + 2, Mg + 2 and Al + 3. The results of soil chemical properties show that seasonality exerted greater influence on the results of Na +, K + and interstitial salinity. The intertidal mangrove presented nutrient content of higher soil when compared to the supramaré mangrove. In general, there was a relation to the concentration of the soil nutrients with the concentration of nutrients in leaf litterfall, more evident in the high carbon concentration, as well as the lifting conditions content of some nutrients in leaf litterfall of supramaré mangrove during the rainy season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental de unidades de conservação da Amazônia Legal brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) SILVA, Ermeson Freitas da; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
The present work assessed the vulnerability of conservation units in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2012 to 2021. Through the analysis of exposure and sensitivity indicators, the main threats faced by these protected areas were identified, including forest cover, economic activity, access, natural, human and economic resources, and these were consolidated into a final vulnerability index. The average values of the exposure and sensitivity component for the fire and pasture indicators were the highest, which highlights the significant effects of these threats on protected areas. The results obtained provided important insights into the challenges faced by protected areas and highlighted the need to understand and monitor their vulnerability in order to develop effective conservation and management strategies. This information is essential to support decision-making and the implementation of policies and measures aimed at protecting and sustaining these areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Castanhal nativo da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós: atributos edáficos, produção de serapilheira e perfil socioeconômico dos extrativistas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-07) GUERREIRO, Quêzia Leandro de Moura; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The seed Brazil nuts has high food value and is considered one of the main extractive products of the export zone of the northern region of Brazil. The study of the ecological and biological aspects of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) has been the objective of many studies, but the amount of research that approach the social and environmental variables related to the species is incipient. In this context, the present thesis sought to evaluate the edaphic attributes that most influence in plant development and litter production in the native castanhal area of the Tapajós National Forest (Tapajós FLONA), in addition to studying the socioeconomic factors and management practices, collection and the production of extractivists of Brazil nuts that reside in this area. The presentation of the obtained results was exposed in three chapters: the first chapter includes a geostatistical analysis of the physical-chemical factors of the soil; the second presents an estimate of the litter production in relation to the monthly average of the maximum temperature and the monthly totals of precipitation and insolation; and the third shows an analysis of the economic, social and management aspects of the Brazil nuts collectors that work in the Tapajós FLONA. The field samples were performed in a permanent 300 m x 300 m portion of the MapCast project, installed at km 84 of the Tapajós FLONA. The soil sample collections for the physico-chemical analyzes followed the recommendations described in the "Manual of laboratory: soil, water, plant nutrition, animal nutrition and food" of Embrapa, as well as the procedures for analytical determinations. For the litter collection, 12 containers were used in circular format and the deposited material was collected every 30 days and separated into classes (leaves, flowers and fruits, woody, miscellaneous). Socioeconomic, production and the form of extraction data of Brazil nuts were obtained through a structured interview conducted with 24 extractivists from the region. By Simple Kriging it was possible to estimate the concentration of nutrients studied for the entire area of the sample grid. The densification of Brazil nut trees was identified in areas with higher silt and clay values and lower values for macroporosity, pH, phosphorus, zinc and copper. Leaf production ranged from 169.9 to 965.6 kg ha-1 month-1, wood between 26.7 and 501.3 kg ha-1 month-1 and flowers and fruits between 0.6 and 19.6 kg ha-1 month-1. The wood and flowers and fruit classes presented no significant variation (p> 0.05) and no significant correlation with any meteorological variable. The three environmental variables analyzed explain 40.7% of the temporal variability of litter production. In all, 39 Brazil nuts extractivists were recorded. Most of these have a low level of education and are covered by the “Bolsa Família Program”. The production varied significantly between the 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests, and extraction practices are traditional. The Geostatistical Analysis allowed the knowledge of the current spatial distribution of the physical and chemical attributes of the soil in the studied area, which will serve as a basis of comparison for future evaluations in the same place and also to help understand environmental aspects in areas with agglomerations of Brazil nuts. The environmental variables temperature and insolation influence leaf production and total litter production in native castanhal area. The management practices of the castanhal and the collection and processing of the seeds applied by the extractivists of the studied communities do not present any innovation in relation to the traditional and rudimentary practices already informed in the literature. The variation between the harvests was influenced by the reduction of rains (caused by an event of El Niño installed in 2015) and by the frequent burned, according to the perception of the interviewees.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de intervenções técnico-produtivas para a sustentabilidade do uso da terra em agroecossistemas familiares no território do Baixo Tocantins, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-28) SIMÕES, Lourdes Henchen Ritter; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The study deals with the sustainability of land use in family agroecosystems located in the municipalities of Cametá (communities Ajó and Inacha) and Moju (PA Calmaria II, communities of São José and Água Preta), belonging to the territory of Low Tocantins, state of PA, proposing to compare the main effects resulting from two modes of interventions in the technical-productive systems. The two interventions were established proposing innovations and improvements for sustainable development, the first in Cametá, promoted by "networks of multiplier farmers" with proposals for agroecological use and management and the second in Moju refers to programs to encourage palm oil plantation.The main focus of the study is based on the following questions: what are the main effects on sustainability that the innovations in land management and sustainable development introduced by the National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) on the one hand and Networks of multiplier farmers, with agroecological management proposals on the other, lead to family agroecosystems? Have these interventions provided improvements with sustainability? The research hypothesis suggests that the technical-productive innovations promoted in family agroecosystems by the multiplier farmers are more sustainable. The general objective is to analyze the main effects of technical-productive interventions in land use, on the sustainability of family agro-ecosystems. The specific objectives are to verify if the interventions provided improvements with socio-environmental quality; to evaluate comparatively the quality of the soil in systems of use of familiar agro-ecosystems, that had differentiated technical-productive interventions; and to distinguish the main modes of use practiced in the familiar agroecosystems in order to elucidate their relations with the biophysical environment and with the different ways of managing the fertility of the environment. For the development of other companies in other regions in Cametá: Caripi, with dry land ecosystem and Cupijó, with dry land ecosystems and floodplains. The methodological procedures used were surveys with semi-structured forms and description and soil collect for laboratory analysis. The results obtained from four dimensions indicators of sustainability showed that the interventions, to a certain extent, reached the objectives, but many problems were observed, such as those that reflect a relationship between farmers and technicians, that still can not surpass the conception of "transmission of knowledge and technology", in the case of the intervention in Calmaria II. In the communities of Ajó and Inacha, the most determining reasons for some differences would be the assiduity and intensity of technical assistance attributed more to Ajó; The fact that these family agroecosystems have availability of a diversified biophysical environment (dry land and foodplain), allowing greater variation in production systems; and the consequent reduction of the use of fire. In the communities of São José and Água Preta the most significant cause of the distinctions between them would be that São José has a higher income, due to the period of the palm harvest, which coincides with that of the Água Preta (neighboring community to the large palm oil plantations. This fact guarantees a better price of the production to São José. This difference in the harvest and off-season months would be related to the water supply, available to the culture in São José, during the rainy season, caused the main differences between the two types of agro-ecosystems are that they do not have the same characteristics as the biophysical environment, and that there are different levels of satisfaction with the oil palm. Environment are determined by the management of the fertility of the environment of each one, constituting the differentiation between the production systems in each specific environment. The data indicated that, according to the environments, farmers take advantage of the different potentialities of use, adapting the ways of managing the fertility of the natural environment. The soil attributes that were considered significant to evaluate sustainability indicate that the land uses studied presented little expressive differences. The biophysical environment was determinant for some types to stand out positively. By the pedological analysis of Ajó locality (SAF) it is noticeable that their soils are more naturally enriched in exchangeable bases (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). In São José, some physical factors are better, because the soils retain water for a longer time, making this available to the palm oil tree for a longer period in the dry season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espécies arbóreas e suas relações com variáveis climáticas sob influência de deficiência hídrica no solo da floresta de terra firme em Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-17) FERNANDES, Ana Maria Moreira; COSTA, Antônio Carlos Lola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489039131103228; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
The intensity and frequency of severe droughts in the Amazon region are increasing due to global climate change and may intervene with botanical factors. Thus, this thesis analyzed the floristic composition, richness, diversity, and species’ distributionabundance, besides diametric plant species group increase over time in forestry areas with and without water exclusion in the soil, also relating growth in groups’ dynamics of species with climatic variables. Data were collected in 98 subplots in area A (without water exclusion) and in 98 subplots in area B (with water exclusion), each measuring 10 m x 10 m, in which all plant species with the diameter at breast height (DBH≥10 cm) were inventoried. in both areas, 378 and 356 plant individuals were monitored, respectively, through dendrometric bands that allowed the monthly increment diameter measure of species. The Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Burseraceae families were the most representative in the study areas, especially Fabaceae, which displayed the highest richness. A small variation was found in the observed richness in area A, and the community evenness and the diversity index remained constant, while in area B, the variation in richness was greater, which may have contributed to a small change in the diversity index over time. The best ecological models adjusted were Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot for areas A and B plant communities, respectively. The average diametric behavior increment of the trees was different between the diameter and the wood density classes in the two analyzed areas. In areas A and B, it was observed that individuals who grouped in the upper diameter class tended to have a higher average annual diameter increase compared to the other medium and low diameter classes, and individuals grouped within the low and high wood density classes’ which presented the highest and lowest average annual increment value, respectively. The meteorological variables‘ wind speed and average temperature showed negative and significant correlations with the monthly diametric increase by diameter and density classes, whereas the active photosynthetic radiation did not present a significant correlation. Considering the high diameter class trees and those grouped within the low- density class since even being submitted to water deficit they continued to have a higher average with a smaller variation of diametric increase concerning the other classes, it is possible to infer that they are more resistant to water deficiency than trees belonging to other diametric and wood density classes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the forest appears to be well established, with high species richness and diversity, and that the water restriction in the soil over the time of ten years of study was not enough to interfere in the conservation status of the environment expressively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fertilidade e fauna edáfica em solo sob reflorestamento com paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) no município de Aurora do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-28) PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
This study aimed to evaluate the variation in soil fertility and soil fauna under reforestation paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Heber ex. Ducke) in monoculture or agroforestry system compared with secondary forest in the experimental area considering the seasonality of precipitation in the period 2009 and 2010. The experimental farm owned by Tramontina Belem S / A, located in northeastern Pará, in the city of Aurora do Pará Four treatments were analyzed undergoing reforestation: Curaua (Ananas comosus var. Erectifolius L.B.Smith) Parica (Shizolobium var. Amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) in the form of monoculture, Parica + curauá (Ananas comosus var. erectifolius L.B.Smith; Shizolobium var. amazonicum Huber ex Ducke); Parica Mahogany + Freijó Curaua (Shizolobium var. amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, Swietenia macrophylla, King, Cordia goeldiana Huber, Ananas comosus var. erectifolius LB.Smith). Samples were taken in December 2009, April and July 2010, which marked the seasonal transition period (dry to heavy rain), heavy rain and dry seasons respectively, to evaluate the particle size, bulk density, particle density, porosity and moisture content, exchangeable bases, total bases, CEC, acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, pH, at three different depths (0 - 10 cm. 10 to 20 cm, 20-40 cm) and the occurrence of macrofauna. The results showed the action of the seasons on the bulk density, particle density, total soil porosity. Chemical factors, eg, organic carbon, whose contents varied between 5.85 g / kg and 13.00 g / kg, at high levels in the culture system S2, changed during intense rainfall seasons and drought. As for soil fauna, 9964 invertebrates were captured belonging to 26 different taxa. The most abundant were Hymenoptera – Formicidae (5.805), Coleoptera (1.454), Acari (862) Collembola (649), Diplopoda (307) and Isopoda (110). Of the 26 taxa identified, approximately 40% of them showed only a representative sampling carried out in three or just one. The highest values for relative frequency occurred in the cropping system S2, S3 and S4, respectively. The highest value of absolute frequency occurred during seasonal rainstorms in S1. Areas under reforestation and agroforestry monoculture Parica + curauá showed better performance in the recovery of soil fertility and soil fauna proving the efficacy of paricá in monoculture or agroforestry system in the recovery of soil fertility and soil fauna.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão, geração e aproveitamento dos resíduos das indústrias de base florestal na Região Metropolitana de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-26) RAMOS, Wilson Fernandes; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The forest-based industries are highly relevant in the socioeconomic sense for Amazon and especially in the state of Pará. However, are industries that generate large amounts of waste in its production process, which can cause serious environmental problems. There are numerous forms of environmentally appropriate destination for this waste and that can generate revenue for enterprises, mitigate potential problems the community and reduce the pressure on forests. This study aimed to know the main characteristics of forest-based industries, forms management, generation and utilization of wood waste, the performance of these enterprises on the surrounding community and the influence of the rainiest and less rainy periods on the storage processes and disposal of wood waste in the metropolitan area of Belém. For this, it raised the number of potentially generating waste timber companies from the state environmental agencies, thereby became a voluntary non-probability sampling, thus came to a sample of 31 companies located in six counties. Among these, we visited the community near 5 companies within estimated 0-500 m and 2 km to 2.5 km, and the target of the survey population was 20 individuals per company, 10 in each distance. It was used as a research tool to semi-structured interviews and in loco visits. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Student t test for independent samples and chi-square contingency tables l x c. The results show that the average operating income was 60%, generating an average of 398 m³ / month of wood waste in the form of dust, powder and firewood. Companies realize the destination of the waste within the company (internal reverse logistics) with the production of briquette, small wooden objects (POM) and for generating and energy, and outside, by selling to other companies for thermal power generation and farms, some is donated to bakeries, farms and the population. Was found that, according to the opinion of the managers of the companies, there is no social and environmental problems due to the residue of the company. But, now adjacent to the locals have different view, with respect to environmental problems. It is concluded that the management is done differently in the segments surveyed, and the secondary process is more efficient in the recovery of waste. These companies have an operating income considered good and meant the residue of different ways, but it is clear that not all waste is aimed correctly. Moreover, the managers of these companies have a positive view on the company's performance, which is not shared by the surrounding residents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inferências paleoambientais para o Nordeste da Amazônia Oriental a partir do estudo de registros fósseis e composição isotópica de carbono (d13C) e oxigênio (d18O) em rocha total de carbonatos da Formação Pirabas (PA), Mioceno Inferior
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-03) FERREIRA, Denys José Xavier; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The Lower Miocene (~23¿16 Ma.) from the Northeastern Eastern Amazon has aroused interest in the scientific community during many decades. It belongs to a geological Epoch characterized by a transition period to the modern world, and marked by many climatic and geological changes, that allowed the establishment of a rich fauna and flora. Within this context, Pirabas Formation is discussed. It is an Lower Miocene unit characterized by great carbonate and silicate sediment deposition, considered one of the most significant paleontological units from Brazilian Cenozoic. Many researches were developed on Pirabas Formation, which allowed the accuracy of reconstruction interpretation of its possible Miocene landscape. Even though there were efforts related to the recuperation of paleoenvironment information from Northeastern Eastern Amazon trough the integration among fossil and sediment data, as well as stratigraphic and facies information, there’s still a lack in researches related to the recuperation of integrated and refined information in paleoenvironment between paleocomunity and geochemical studies. This gap of studies illustrates Pirabas Formation as an important elucidative unit for past scenarios and regional environment evolution, as well as being of great relevance for the comprehension of impacts from global Miocene events in Brazilian territory, specially in northern Atlantic coast. The main objective of this work, of multidisciplinary approach, is to refine the paleoenvironment interferences in Pirabas Formation, related to space disposition of paleoenvironment and the dynamic of sea level in Northern Pará State. For the study, three areas were chosen due to its importance and logistic: Ponta do Castelo (Fortaleza Island), Atalaia Beach (Salinopólis City) and B-17 Mine (Capanema City). The methods used in this research were diversity analysis, dominance and similarity of paleofauna, as well as Correspondence Analysis (CA), from fossil data from Pirabas Formation in order to characterize the paleoenvironment; and the composition of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O), in carbonate whole rocks from the studied unit, to comprehend the paleoenvironment dynamics. The results indicated: 1) the diversity of the registered paleofauna for the areas in Formação Pirabas is apparently related to the type of depositional environment, in which Capanema and Salinópolis are similar for presenting restricted depositional environment, such as lagoon and estuary, and Fortaleza Island indicated better association to the coastal shelf during marine regression; 2) there are predominancy relations between the paleoenvironment according to the temporal representativeness of some facies from the respective depositional cycles in each studied area, as the coast line approaches during marine regression. ; 3) Ponta do Castelo is related to a paleoenvironment of marine/coastal predominance; Atalaia Beach to lagoon with estuary influences; and B-17 Mine to estuary and fluvial; 4) there was a tendency to carbon isotopes (δ13C) impoverishment, indicating the continental influence in the coast during marine regression; 5) and propensity to oxygen isotopes (δ18O) enrichment, reveling influences of the latitude and continent formation effects in the areas during sea retrieve. Trough the results of this research it was possible to understand the space distribution of the paleoenvironment of predominancy (suggested term this work) in Northeastern Eastern Amazon, as well as refine the paleoenvironment interference methods to Pirabas Formation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da variação sazonal de atributos de fertilidade do solo sobre a biomassa microbiana em uma cronosseqüencia de plantio de palma de óleo (Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-19) SILVA JUNIOR, Alberto Cruz da; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Brazil has about 32 million hectares of areas with capability to oil palm’s expansion and more than 90% of these are in the Amazon. There is need to understand the interaction of new plantations and its development with the environment. This study was conducted in Dende do Pará SA (DENPASA), commercial plantations company, and aimed to evaluate precipitation’s seasonal variation on the soil fertility and thus on soil biomass in a chronosequence of oil palm plantations with 5, 8 and 12 years and secondary forestry. We measured / estimated and correlated the attributes carbon microbial biomass (CSMB), total carbon (CTOTAL), total nitrogen (NTOTAL), soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), carbon microbial biomass / total carbon ratio (CBMS: CTOTAL), carbon / nitrogen ratio (C / N), gravimetric moisture (Ug), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), effective exchange capacity of cations (CTC) and aluminum saturation (m). The CBMS was the attribute most sensitive to differentiate areas of study and dry and rainy seasons. Chemical characteristics of soil fertility and soil microbial biomass were correlated stronger and in greater numbers during the rainy season. Chemical attributes of soil fertility and soil microbial biomass presented correlation more strong and in greater numbers during the rainy season. The microbial indices qCO2 and CBMS:CTOTAL proved that conventional planting areas can be relatively efficient in relation to C dynamics compared to secondary forest area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da variação sazonal, sobre os atributos químicos e biológicos do solo nos sítios do LBA e PPBIO em Caxiuanã/PA, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MOURA, Quêzia Leandro de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Several environmental factors, such as pH, temperature and soil moisture influence the density and the activity of microorganisms. It is possible that the balance of the biosphere is being changed by global changes of natural origin and influencing of human activities environmental factors that determine the behavior of the soil phase microbiota. In order to verify the influence of these changes, the present study has been developed in the area of the ESECAFLOR experiment, which simulates the occurrence of extreme phenomena such as the El Niño and the area of the PPBio Programme (Primary Forest area), which aims to study the biodiversity of the Amazon, being last used for comparative purposes (witness). The soil samples for chemical analysis, physical and biological properties were collected into the depths: 00 – 05, 05 -10, 10-20 and 20 – 30 cm in seasonal Transition periods, Rainy and Less rainy. It was also determined the temperature of the soil under the same depths. The methods used were described by Embrapa (1997), Clark (1965), Gerhardt (1994), Yang et al. (1998) and Keeney (1982). The treatment of data and the statistical tests (ANOVA: two criterion, Tukey test and simple Linear Correlation) were performed by means of statistical programme Bioestat 5.0. The highest levels of macro and micro nutrients were found in natural primary forest area (PPBio). The greatest values of colony-forming units of Colonies (196 x 10 4 UFC/g the soil and 124 x 10 2 UFC/g the soil) for the population of bacteria and fungi, respectively, were also identified in the area of PPBio and rainy and the intermediary periods, respectively. Was identified significant differences between the data obtained for both areas and also significant difference of each area in relation to seasonal periods and the depths studied. The area that changed human (ESECAFLOR) presented the lowest levels for macro and micronutrients, demonstrating the influence of the deletion process of rainwater in the availability of these elements in the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção ambiental e aspectos socioeconômicos do município de Marapanim – Pará/Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-06) SILVA, Bruno Gilmar Silva da; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The present work addresses the theme of environmental perception and socioeconomic aspects in the Camará, Cipoteua and São João communities, belonging to the municipality of Marapanim, Pará, Brazil. The general objective of this study was to highlight the perception of men in relation to the surrounding environment, besides describing the socioeconomic profile of the communities and the influence of the seasonal period on the activities developed. As data collection instrument, it was used the application of questionnaires with objective and subjective questions to 118 residents, being Camará (n = 60), Cipoteua (n = 32) and São João (n = 26), through visits to the communities. . Descriptive statistics and the kruskal-wallis statistical method were used for data analysis. Based on the results obtained and the observations made, it was found that the interviewed residents have a low level of education, use natural resources for income, such as artisanal fishing (Camará), subsistence agriculture (Cipoteua) and mechanized agriculture (São João), in addition to the benefits granted by the Federal Government. Respondents from the São João community have higher monthly gross income than the Camará and Cipoteua communities. It was possible to verify precarious access to basic services such as garbage collection, water supply and sanitary sewage. There were significant variations in perception regarding the environmental aspects analyzed in each community, such as water quality and vegetation condition. 91% of respondents in this survey stated that higher productivity occurs in the main agro-extractive activities developed during the rainy season. In this context, studies based on the thematic environmental and socioeconomic perception is an important tool to understand how environmental aspects can influence communities that depend on natural resources, as well as for the establishment of programs to promote activities already developed in the studied area. . At the end of the study, it was possible to see its importance for the establishment of actions and public policies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pescadores artesanais da reserva extrativista marinha Caeté-Taperaçu e a percepção ambiental sobre os recursos naturais.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-11) ALENCAR, Ana Paula Monteiro; FURTADO, Lourdes de Fátima Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Sustainable Use Conservation Units are areas that seek to prioritize the harmonious relationship between human populations, their livelihoods, and the environment. Currently, in Brazil, the areas of environmental conservation are flagged as areas of great importance and are seen as strategies for the protection and management of territories. At this juncture, population groups that inhabit these areas are dedicated to extractive, highlighting here fishing practiced in an artisan way. Thus, this work presents the following analyzes: I - A social, economic and environmental characteristic as well as contributions to analyze and trace the profile of artisanal fishermen residing in three fishing communities of the municipality of Bragança, northeast of the state of Pará, included in the Extractive Reserve Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu. II- To analyze the environmental perception of artisanal fishermen on the aspects of the action of the fishing activity, the natural resources and the extractive reserve and its management. To that end, interviews were conducted through questionnaires to 251 families of artisanal fishermen between men and women, of which 85 (33.86%) were from Vila dos Pescadores, 96 (38.25%) from Vila do Castelo and 70 (27.89%) of Vila do Taperuçu. From this, it was observed that the interviewees' ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old, and they have low schooling, where 50% did not finish even elementary school, showing that income is around 5,506.56 ± 3,905.85 R$ per year, and 86.85% of this income is linked to the link they have with the middleman. As a result, most artisanal fishermen own 92% of their own homes, use wells dug 59.36% or 40.24% water distribution network, have septic tank 49% and urban cleaning services are available. which meets 56.57% of respondents. In analysis II, questionnaires were used following the Likert-type scale model, and the data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5% (𝛼 = 0.05). This resulted in the environmental perception about the activity of the fishing activity, that it was possible to verify significant differences among the communities (𝑝 = 0.015). However, only the Taperaçu community differed from Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 = 0.013), and there were no significant differences between the communities. As for the environmental perception about the use of natural resources, the communities differed from each other. The community of Castelo differed from the community of Taperaçu (𝑝 < 0.001) and Fisher Village (𝑝 < 0.001). However, it was not possible to identify differences between the community of Taperaçu and Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 = 0.269); and the environmental perception about the extractive reserve and the management plan, it was possible to identify significant differences between the communities (𝑝 = 0.001). However, only the community of Castelo differed from Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 < 0.001) and there were no significant differences between the other communities. Considering that one community diverged from the other because of factors such as political representativeness, which generates visibility for the community, causing good accessibility and inclusion of fishermen in sustainable programs for sustainability, thus occurring greater engagement of one community to the detriment of the other.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
REDD+ no Estado do Pará: a política ambiental climática paraense no contexto nacional e internacional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-08) AMARANTE, Caroline Bastos do; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The insertion of the mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in the context of the legal-normative and institutional framework of the State of Pará, is the theme addressed by this work. The methodology used in this research was based on two techniques of data collection, namely the documentary survey and application of questionnaires given to state agencies responsible for coordination and implementation of this mechanism within Para. In recent emergence on the scene of international discussions on the environment and global climate change, carried out under the Framework Convention of the United Nations on Climate Change, REDD is presented as a proposal for avoided deforestation in developing countries, whose preservation the forest estate, in view of the potential benefits to the mitigation of global warming should be offset by compensation of individuals, communities, projects and countries, as proposed originally released in 2005, during COP 11, held in Montreal, Canada. In this context, the State of Pará, which ended the year 2012 as the leader in numbers of deforestation among states in the Legal Amazon, in 2009 predicted the inclusion of REDD in its legal regulatory and institutional as part of the actions of the Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation Alternatives of Pará State (State Decree n. 1.697/2009). Elapsed the first phase of implementation of the Plan, the interstitial August 2009 to August 2012, research found that decision-making processes for implementation of the mechanism have not progressed, despite the existence of such projects within Pará State territory, and the advancement of the other Amazon states regarding theme, whose normative frameworks already have policies relating to REDD and REDD+ and important additional measures, such as the regulation on payment for environmental services and state policies on climate change.