Navegando por Orientadores "SILVA, Maria Luisa da"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoustic ecology of dolphins of the genus Sotalia (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) and of the newly described Araguaian boto Inia araguaiaensis (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-09) SANTOS, Gabriel Melo Alves dos; MAY-COLLADO, Laura J.; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Sensory systems are vital for animals to obtain information about their surroundings. Information can be gathered via visual, chemical, electrical, tactile and acoustic cues. These cues are used in several ecological contexts including foraging, competition, defense, social interactions (e.g. courtship behavior), and to indicate a condition, emotional or reproductive state or identity of the signal emitter. For aquatic mammals, sound is the most important mechanism of communication. Light attenuates rapidly with depth in aquatic environments limiting visual communication. In contrast, sound has low attenuation in water and it travels about five times faster in water than in air, making a very efficient way to communicate underwater. Therefore, sound is a fundamental aspect of cetacean biology, as these animals rely on acoustic signals for communication, navigation and location of prey. The genus Sotalia consist of two species that inhabit contrasting habitats. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) inhabits the coastal waters from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil, and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) is confined to the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, river dolphins of the genus Inia - commonly known as botos - are found exclusively in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Tocantins River Basins. With their conservation status of both genera as data deficient there is great demand for information on their biology. As a key factor on cetacean biology acoustics can provide us with a richness of information and used as a tool to acquire data on habitat use, population numbers and behavior. However, in order to do so, first one needs to know the species vocal repertoire in detail and be able to differentiate those using acoustic methods. Thus, here we present the first distributionwide analysis of the vocal repertoire of Sotalia dolphins and diversity and geographical patterns of their whistles. In addition, we present the first description of the vocal repertoire of Inia araguaiaensis focusing on repertoire diversity and structure. The whistle repertoire of both Sotalia species is highly structured, with populations of the riverine species showing a less diverse whistle repertoire than the populations of the coastal species. The highly structured repertoire is likely due to the small home ranges and low gene flow among populations. Differences in the richness of the acoustic repertoire between both species, may be due to a combination of socioecological and evolutionary factors. We also provide the first description of the Araguaian boto (Inia araguaiensis) acoustic behavior and showed that they have a rich acoustic repertoire consisting of whistles and primarily pulsed calls. While whistles were produced rarely, a specific type of call, the short two-component calls were the most common signal emitted during the study. These calls were similar in acoustic structure to those produced by orcas (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.). Because of the context at which these signals were produced, we hypothesize that they possibly play a role in mother-calf communication. Sotalia and Inia can be acoustically distinguished based on their social sounds, as the former has a repertoire based on whistles and the latter based on pulsative calls. With the low emission rate of whistles by Inia, so chances of misidentification are low. Thus, sounds of both genera can be used to distinguish them from one another during passive acoustic monitoring and serve as proxies for species presence in studies of distribution, habitat use, and abundance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da comunicação sonora do Curió Oryzoborus angolensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Emberizidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-29) LOPES, João dos Prazeres; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
The Seed-finch Oryzoborus angolensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Oscines, Emberizinae) is very a popular and appreciated species birdkeepers in Brazil, due to its melodious and varied song. The song represents the species-specific recognition signal for the most of the birds. Songs with long vocal repertoires, population and individual variations can be indicatives of vocal learning. In this context, we studied the song of the Lesser seed finch Oryzoborus angolensis. The song of O. angolensis is characterized as a sequence of pure notes organized and repeated in discrete phrases. We analyze the song of 26 individuals, 16 in captivity and 10 wild from different localities of their distribution area. The measures of physical parameters of the notes (note duration, note interval, rhythm, minimum and maximum frequency) presented significant global differences, considered here the characters that represents the species-specific code. We observe that the notes are constituted mainly by widely modulated pure sounds and are distributed in homogeneous way in our sample. We have found significant differences between the repertoire of the individuals kept in captivity and wild.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O boto na verbalização de estudantes ribeirinhos: uma visão etnobiológica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) RODRIGUES, Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização do chamado de alarme de Dasyprocta sp. e Cuniculus paca (Rodentia, Caviomorpha) em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-31) SILVA, João Gabriel Souza; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
The social mammal present complex and sophisticate vocal behavior, they are able to send and receive precise information about the environment and the interactions of the group. The order Rodentia, the biggest among mammals, has species that developed wide vocal repertoire in order to intermediate both interspecific and intraspecific relationships. During threatening context, some rodents emit specific vocalizations classified as alarm calls, these calls allow the perception of the threat and the possibility of subsequent reaction such as fight or scape. These reactions in the context of threat provide to these rodent species an effective defense against predation. In this context, we described and compared the acoustic parameter of the alarm call of the agouti (Dasyprocta sp.) and the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) using the sonographic analysis of their vocalizations recorded in captivity. We realized the register of the agonistic calls of 16 individuals of Dasyprocta sp. and 6 individuals of C. paca in the vivarium placed in the Federal University of Para in a total of 85 minutes of recording. We recorded alarm calls during the social interactions that happened in their respective cages. The bioacoustics analysis of the 539 alarm calls of the agouti demonstrate that the frequency bandwidth varies from 224 to 978 Hz and the duration is 898 ms. The 95 alarm calls of the lowland paca analyzed presented frequency bandwidth that varied from 340 to 1280 Hz, the mean of the call’s duration was 1967 ms. The sound characteristics of these so called indicated that there is a predominance of lower frequencies of the acoustic signal of the two species, but the pacas can reach high and low frequencies much larger than the agoutis, and issue of longer duration signals. The principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that the alarm calls of both species are differentiated primarily by the maximum duration and frequency of the beeps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento do papagaio-do-mangue Amazona amazonica: gregarismo, ciclos nictemerais e comunicação sonora
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) MOURA, Leiliany Negrão de; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
In this study we carried through the Orange-winged-parrot Amazona amazonica census in a roosting site, the Parrots Island, located next to Belém, Pará. With the countings we verify that the total number of parrots, the number of isolated individuals, couples, groups of three, four and five individuals presented a fluctuation, indicating reproductive seasonality, that influences in the number of individuals with the reduction of its participation in the groups that sleep in the island during its reproductive period, since the species supplies parental cares to the offsprings. In relation to the nychtemeral cycle, we evaluate the influence of abiotic factors in the schedules of displacements of the individuals of this population in the roosting site. We establish a form to register the frequency of its arrival or exit from minute to minute and relate the data gotten with the sunset and sunrise schedules. We verify that the percentage average of individuals that arrives and leaves is significantly greater after sunset and before sunrise, respectively, and that adverse weathers conditions influence significantly in the daily movement of the parrots, masking the real positioning of the Sun, advancing or delaying its arrival and exit of the roosting site. Although the Orange-winged-parrot is a diurnal avian, they dislocate in schedules of low luminosity, being the photoperiodism a entrainment agent of its activities. About its acoustic communication, it presents 9 vocalizations in the vocal repertoire during the reproductive period, related to three different behavior categories. Moreover, it exists an individual difference in its flight contact call and populational dialects between the studied populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conhecimento etnozoológico de estudantes de escolas públicas sobre os mamíferos aquáticos que ocorrem na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) RODRIGUES, Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Aquatic mammals are important functional elements of their ecosystem. Conservation actions would not be efficient with lack of information concerning the ecology and biology of those species as well as the perceptions that local communities have about those animals. Interactions of aquatic mammals with human populations happen mainly by fishnets accidents, straining, or the symbolic, mystical-religious values they possess, which may lead to both positive and negative human perceptions. Many studies on the perception of cetaceans (river dolphins and whales) and sirenians (manatees) were carried out using fisherman as the main interlocutor, but few have reported what children and young school age teenagers know about those animals and how they interact. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate school children’s ethnozoological knowledge on aquatic mammals in different locations of the State of Pará, in the Amazon Region of Brazil, recording the main interactions between them and free-ranging river dolphins, whales, and manatees (N=15). Thus, we used quantitative and qualitative methods in ethnozoology to analyze essays (N=374), interviews, questionnaires, and topographic plates (N=241). The subjects of this investigation were students from public fundamental schools II of Abaetetuba region and Mocajuba, in the Lower Tocantins River, Marajo Island, Santarém (Tapajós River), and Belem Metropolitan Region. Our results show that there was a prevalence of positive statements concerning to the pink-river dolphin (Inia sp.) (66%, N=89) compared to those related to dolphins Sotalia sp. (22%, N = 29), manatees (7%, N = 9) and whales (7%, N = 5%). Feelings of indifference (30%) along with fear (32%) were the most frequent in the voices of the students. Students had previous ethnozoological knowledge on morphology, diversity, legends, behavior, and threatening to aquatic mammal survival. In places where the living is largely based on fishery resources, young people tend to confirm details and part of the knowledge derived from both the family and the television midia. Because of the boto legend reported by the students in the regions surveyed we were able to identify variations related to social contexts and several behaviors, depending on the presence or absence of river dolphins in the regions. Despite great part of the subjects being part of an area considered to be urban, the belief on the boto legend is vastly disseminated, concurring for the myth to be held in the Amazonian imaginary, demonstrating that oral tradition is still strong in urban populations. Interactions between river dolphins and young/children close to rivers and fairs of Santarém and Mocajuba revealed that the most evident behaviors are those involving feeding river dolphins with fishes, and the playful behavior of a group of young school children that swim with pink-river dolphin in the rivers of the region. We found that although the aquatic mammals that occur in the Amazon may be poorly known from the biological point of view or even feared by part of the students, they could accepted by the students and may be taken into account in conservation programs by means of popular and scientific knowledge articulation. Those programs must guarantee the maintenance of local knowledge along with the species and their ecosystem maintenance. A greater perception of the public on the importance of biological diversity maintenance and environmental conservation may assist on the dissemination of information about aquatic mammals, contributing to a gradual deconstruction of negative values about them. This research provides a background to carry out efficient projects of awareness and information for future studies about aquatic mammals in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Duetos na Amazônia: análise da sintaxe do canto em dueto do gênero Thryothorus (Aves, Troglodytidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-06) MONTE, Amanda de Almeida; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
In many duet-singing songbirds, paired birds combine their song types non randomly to form antiphonal duet songs. In Troglodytidae family (wrens and thrushes), 23 species have been reported to duet, Thryothorus genibarbis is a duet specie. The duet song carries the specie-specific information, however, its physical parameters (frequency and duration) varies among pairs and just the syntax, that means the notes sequence, is conserved. To investigate the syntax and physical parameters’ importance in coding the specie-specific information, playback experiments were conducted using modified duet song in syntax and frequency bandwidth with pairs at Gunma Ecological Park (Santa Bárbara city, Pará State) at Federal University of Pará (Belém city, Pará State). We search for evidence of a modulation pattern in song units of this specie, and investigate the similarities between the Thryothorus genibarbis song syntax and other seven same genera species. Our analysis of the modulation of the duet of this species revealed that was a modulation pattern in duet song units of different pairs. By comparing the similarity of duet song syntax between T. genibarbis and other species, we showed that T. genibarbis and T. leucotis, syntopic species, are most different than sympatric ones. We thus show experimentally that the duet syntax of T. genibarbis must be important to coordinate the duet song among pairs, but there is no specie-specific code in duet syntax, however, if we modify the frequency bandwidth more than 36% from original signal, the duet song could lose the specie-specific code.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito das vocalizações de phlegopsis nigromaculata (aves, thamnophilidae) na detectabilidade de outras aves seguidoras de correição no parque ecológico de gunma.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-15) LIMA, Hilário Póvoas de; HENRIQUES, Alda Loureiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6031840881584358; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Army ants are nomadic species when foraging they chase insects that live on the forest floor, making them easy prey for other animals. There are bird species that follow and feed around army ants swarms they can be obligatory, or are less specialized feeding around swarms only when the latter pass by the former territories. We then conducted experiments to check if the sounds emitted by a specialized follower of army ants, Phlegopsis nigromaculata, influences the behavior of other specialized or less specialized army ants followers. This study was conducted in Gunma Ecological Park (GEP) and investigated whether the playback (PB) of Phlegopsis nigromaculata vocalizations could increase the detectability of other bird species at the site, and if the affected species have some relation with foraging around army ants swarms. We recorded sounds in different locations in GEP, first we recorded 5 minutes of environment sounds without emission of PB and then recorded 5 minutes from the same environment with emission of PB. The results indicated that PB significantly increased detectability, where 94% of the species with the highest detectability post-PB attend to a mixed flock and 28% are followers army ants. In scores that correlated the most detected species during the post-PB period with behaviors of following mixed flocks and army ants, the species Glyphorynchus spirurus, Isleria hauxwelli, Pyriglena leuconota, Lanio surinamus, Lepidothrix iris, Veniliornis affinis, and Willisornis vidua obtained the higher scores, all of which attend mixed flock and 71% attend army ants swarm. These results suggest that the increased detectability of those species in the post-PB is related to the foraging around swarms. The results indicate that 18 species can be influenced by the vocalizations Phlegopsis nigromaculata because this can have a significant role in foraging behavior of other insectivorous birds, which follow army ants or attending mixed flocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de diferentes paisagens sonoras em tarefas cognitivas aplicadas à estudantes da Universidade Federal do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-12) SENA, Luiz Ramirez Bezerra; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
The sounds are in our daily lives and interferes a lot in our daily activities and our behavior. They can give us positive or negative effects due to their physical qualities and the context in which we operate. According to the World Health Organization, the urban noise is the main source of damage to hearing of world's population and can interfere in very important practices for execution of activities involving an effort of attention, such as when reading a book or even in the process of learning. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of three soundscapes in performing a cognitive activity. Then we proposed an experiment in which participants were submitted to a sound environment, here classified as urban, rural or silent while performing a memory test of symbols. The results showed that the effects of urban and rural sounds do not influence positively or negatively significantly the performance of students in this type of task in comparison to silent soundscape. However, it still needs further long-term studies to assess the possible cognitive effects of exposure to these soundscapes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura e organização de sistemas complexos de comportamento vocal em cinco espécies do Gênero Turdus (Aves, Passeriformes, Turdinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-07) NASCIMENTO, Luis Fernando Teixeira; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Communication is essential for animal life maintenance. In birds prevails acoustic communication, the song is the sound emission that has the specific recognition function, can be repetitive and predictable or complex with variations levels between individuals conspecifics. The genus Turdus provides members with a melodious and varied song, as is the case of five syntopic species in Brazil (T. leucomelas, T. rufiventris, T. fumigatus, T. amaurochalinus and T. albicollis), the high variation level may to cause recognition confusion of these species among experienced researchers and lovers in the listening birds practice. The structure analysis and complex organization of communication systems can give us answers to their functionality. In present study we gathered recordings of 72 individuals of five species above mentioned, from various localities, identified and named each of the 4826 notes, the song units of sound, and we measure their physical parameters. Through mathematical tools based on the theory of information verified the individual predictability of the corner and use as a criterion for comparison between individuals and species. We analyzed the data, sketched sequences and synthesized the results of cluster analysis to define the structure and organization of the song. The analyzes showed similarity in the song complexity of species compared some specific patterns were observed, such as T. amaurochalinus showed the highest values of the rhythm of the song and the maximum frequency of the notes, T. albicollis stood out by low values of these parameters, as for T. leucomelas, T. rufiventris and T. fumigatus was not observed characteristics, the three species show great variation in the parameters analyzed. But the evolutionary success of these species makes it clear that their songs are successful to exercise the functions of communication and specific recognition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comportamental de Besourão-de-rabo-branco Phaethornis superciliosus (Aves, Trochilidae) no Parque Ecológico de Gunma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-05) BRITO, Duan da Silva; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Acoustic communication in hummingbirds has long been neglected due to the conspicuous coloration that represents a sophisticated visual communication of most representatives of this group. However, recent studies have found that there is evidence of vocal learning in some species of Trochilidae. The present study focuses on the vocal behavior of the hummingbird Phaethornis superciliosus, abundant species in the Amazon region. This species has a mating system as formation of leks, which is the aggregation of males in a small territory, where they display to other males and females, in order to attract the latter to mate. The aim of this study was to analyze the vocal P. superciliosus arranged in six leks in Gunma Ecological Park, Santa Bárbara do Pará, 50 km north of Belém, considering the issue and physical structure of the song, his repertoire, the frequency of issue throughout the day and year and the dynamics of leks. We found that the population presented a vocal repertoire consisting of two notes that are issued alternately. The songs of the individuals analyzed showed significant differences between them considering the physical parameters of sound (maximum and minimum frequency, duration and interval between the notes and the rhythm of emission of the notes). This inter-individual differentiation may be related to sexual selection, in which the song may allow individual recognition, their social position and its performance for attracting females. We found that the vocal activity is more intense between June and November, a period that probably corresponds to the breeding season. We conducted playback tests, which consist of playing a previously recorded sound and record the response triggered in one of the leks in two different sites, simulating the input of another individual. The playback response is significantly different from the spontaneous song in all parameters. The response to the playback shows the songs that a reduction in the frequency range in which the song was issued and the rate of emission of notes faster. These call features can be related to a more aggressive behavior. The leks are formed in edge areas and always near streams, with the size of the area ranging between 86m2 and 1314m2, composed of two to four individuals 7m to 72m away from each other. Our results showed that the social organization of the lek should be better understood by more detailed studies on the possible meaning that individual differences in the songs may represent for the establishment of the hierarchical position of individuals in the leks.