Navegando por Orientadores "VERMA, Om Prakash"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anomalias eletromagnéticas de corpos tubulares inclinados em contato com o manto de intemperismo usando diferentes arranjos de bobinas-modelamento analógico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-03-16) SILVA, Roberto Cesar Alves; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Electromagnetic methods are mainly applied in the prospection of massive sulphide deposits. These deposits are frequently long in extension and thin, therefore the interpretation can be carried out considering a half-plane model in a resistive ambient. However, in Amazon region or in semi-arid and tropical regions where a partialy conductive to conductive overburden is encountered, interpretations using a resistive ambient model give erroneous results. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the conducting overburden on electromagnetic anomalies of inclined sheet-like bodies in ohmic contact with the overburden, using coil configurations - horizontal coplanar (HCP), vertical coplanar (VCP), vertical coaxial (VCA) and minium couple system (PERP). These studies are realized with the aid of analog modelling where the ore-body is simulated by a graphite sheet and the conducting overburden by ammonium choride solution. Generally, the diferente coil systems studied here show the similar characteristics of the overburden effects, reserving some peculiar effects of each coil system. The effects of a conductive overburden in ohmic contact with the orebody could be briefly described as follows: (i) There is an anti-clockwise phase rotation initially with the increase in the overburden induction number, but with further increase the phase rotates clockwise; (ii) The form of the quadrature anomaly profile is altered due to the appearence of an extra peak on the down-dip side of the ore-body, and (iii) The peak to peak quadrature anomaly on the up-dip side increases uniformly with increase in the overburden induction number. Highest anomalies are obtained with the horizontal coplanar system and lowest with vertical coplanar. No extra-peak in the quadrature profile is observed with the vertical coaxial system in this study. Also, the overbuden effects are more prominent in the horizontal coplanar system compared to vertical coil systems, and in the anomalies of the less inclined half-planes and at lesser depths.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de sondagem elétrica e GPR no mapeamento geotécnico no município de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-02) BARBOSA, Antônio Vinícius Corrêa; FRAIHA NETO, Habib; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9202245658963683; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Shallow to medium depth subsurface geotechnical-lithological information is very important to project the foundation of civil engineering structures. Increasing demand of the residential and commercial buildings in Belém requires areas for expansion the urban region. Areas around the Macrodrenage project of Una Basin fulfill the conditions for this kind of requirement. Therefore, this area is chosen for the geophysical investigation to obtain geotechnical information of sub-soils. In the area studied is encountered a geotecnically rigid sand-sandstone bed underlying a soft organic clay zone. This bed is considered suitable for laying foundations by civil engineers. The depth to the top of this layer has been mapped using mainly geotechnical soundings, and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profile. In the quantitative interpretation of geotechnical sounding known geotechnical-lithological information obtained through Standard Penetrating Tests (SPT) were taken into consideration. Finally, presented are the geotechnical-lithological sections, and 2D and 3D contour maps of the depth to the top of the rigid layer in studied area in order to help civil engineers project foundations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de métodos eletromagnéticos aplicando campos polarizados e focalizados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-01-17) BARBOSA, Antônio Vinícius Corrêa; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
In the near surface investigations employing advanced electromagnetic induction methods, the low induction number – LIN targets produce very low anomalies which are difficult to interpret. To overcome this difficulty, in this thesis I have studied the applicability of the Polarized Focused Electromagnetic – POLFOCEM fields as a primary inductive source. The horizontal end vertical E.M. field polarizations are obtained by the vectorial combinations of the fields due to the coil pairs in the central region between them; and the focalization occurs in this region at a depth 0.25 of the spacing between the transmitting coils – L. Therefore, maximum coupling can be obtained by selecting the field polarizations depending upon the geometry of the target and focusing the magnetic flux on it by varying L; consequently producing higher anomalies. This study has been realized by computing anomalies employing the Finite Element Technique for 2.5D problem. In all these numerical experiments a comparative qualitative and quantitative study has been done between the POLFOCEM anomalies and the conventional system anomalies where only one transmitter is used (dipole-dipole system). The POLFOCEM system anomalies, wherein both transmitters T1 and T2 are energized simultaneously, correspond to the sum of the anomalies produced by the T1-R and R- T2 dipoles independently; obeying in this way the linearity the electromagnetic fields. These numerical experiments have been carried out for a bidimensional prismatic model in a resistive half-space at three different inclinations and using radio frequencies. The asymmetrical anomalies obtained in a conventional coil system become symmetrical in POLFOCEM system, and have their amplitudes reduced in relation to that of the conventional system. On the other hand conventional anomalies, symmetrical or asymmetrical, become anti-symmetrical in POLFOCEM, and have their amplitude increased. As a consequence, the Argand diagrams of LIN targets for conventional coil system suffer respectively anticlockwise or clockwise rotation for POLFOCEM system. The experiments, to verify the quality in identifying the two nearby targets, shows that the conventional system is superior in relation to the POLFOCEM system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção de um modelo experimental simulando condições de perfilagem de indução
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-12-28) SALVADORETTI, Paulo; FONSECA, Nélio Raimundo Medeiros da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9887051052349733; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The induction well-logging tool has been widely used since 1949 in petroleum exploration because it helps in determining water saturation in potential hydrocarbon zones. There are many restrictions in using this tool. Excessively thin beds, boreholes filled with conductive muds, high resistivity formations, and large invasion diameters are situations where induction log response is poor. To minimize these limitations, it is necessary to know tool response in given conditions. This can be partially acomplished by scale modeling and/or digital modeling. The present thesis describes the construction of an experimental analog model system designed to simulate the two coaxial coils induction tool in three different geological situations. The geological medium is simulated by brine solution of diferent conductivities. The linear scale factor is twenty and the frequency range of the measuring system is 50 kHz to 100 kHz. This system can be utilized in future research work with different coil arrangements from the ones currently being used by the service companies and also to study other problems encountered in induction logging.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um conjunto de modelagem de alta resolução para os métodos eletromagnéticos indutivos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) MELO, Alberto Leandro de; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Electromagnetic analog modelling has been a powerful tool to study the electromagnetic response of a great varieties of survey techniques of different geological models. In the applications of The electromagnetic methods in the investigations of subsurface contaminations of in great demand recently, very low anomalies (of the order of 0.01% Hp) are obtained. To study in the laboratory the problems of the electromagnetic surveys of low induction number targets, an electromagnet reduced scale model set-up is designed and construed. This set-up operates in the frequency range off 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The developed transmitting system generate a high magnetic flux density by passing a 3 AP-P current in it. The receiving system, consist of a set coils and amplifier coupled in it, has a sensibility of 3 V/A/m at 10 kHz with gradient of 20 dB/dec frequency. The overall resolution of the set-up is 0.025% HP, obtained due to the high sensitivity of the received system to generate primary field. The set-up also has a very precise mechanical system that permits locate the coils at any arbitrary position with a resolution of 1 mm and a precision 0.5 mm. The Tx-Rx system cam be moved linearly with great precision up to 1715 mm in length, by rotating a spindle employing a microprocessor controlled stepper motor attached to it. With set-up, it is possible to simulate a great variety of electromagnetic survey techniques of Slingram systems, that is dipole-dipole configurations. Besides good mechanical and electromagnetic measurements resolutions; all the process of data acquisition and other operations in the set-up cam be controlled through a computer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de fraturas no poço usando ferramenta de indução coplanar: modelamento analógico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1992-02-26) SOUZA, Nelson Paiva Raulino de; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The applicability of a coplanar induction two-coil system in the detection of a fractured zone is studied through reduced scale model experiments in the laboratory. The scale factor chosen was 10 and the field conductivities were represented by Amonium Chloride solutions. The geologic model was compounded by an homogeneous resistive rock with fractured and non-fractured parts. The field resistivities are 4 Ω-m and 200 Ω-m of the fractured zone and of the non-fractured zone, respectively. The fractured zones studied are vertical, at varying distances from the borehole wall and those crossing the well are dipping at 0°, 45° and 60°. The majority of the logs were run in a laboratory frequency of 100 kHz. The results presented in the form of profiles (S/P%) show that the coplanar tool gives information about the dip, thickness and distance of the borehole wall depending on the relative position of the fractured zone and axes of the coils. Some blind zones were found to exist depending upon the geometry of fractures in relation with the coplanar system. To resolve this problem, we suggested a Semi—Null Double Coupling (SNDC) System and some logs are presented. The SNDC System provides a quick-look technique to estimate qualitatively the dip of the fractured zone.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do manto de intemperismo sobre anomalias “VLF” dos corpos tabulares inclinados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-03-16) ROZAL, Edilberto Oliveira; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Application of eletromagnetic methods for mineral exploration in tropical regions is complicated due to a presence of a conducting overburden encountered in these regions. In the Amazon region, overburden is well developed and conductive; while in semi-arid regions there may be a fine layer containing salts. Consequently, considerable error is introduced in the interpretation of EM data if the presence of the conducting overburden is ignored. In order to study the overburden effects, on VLF anomalies due inclined tabular bodies in contact with the former (Ohmic - overburden), a number of analog model experiments were conducted for varying response parameters of the overburden and the ore body. Overburden is simulated by an amonium chloride solution (NH4Cl) and the ore body by inclined grafite sheets of different thicknesses. Three overburdens of varying conductance were used to simulate diverse geological situations. Both, tilt-angle and elipsity anomalies decrease in amplitude with the increase in depth of the ore body and the position of the peak in the profile is removed further away from the crossover irrespective of the presence of the overburden or not. There is some increase and tilt-angle anomaly profiles. Eliptisity anomaly increases with the increase in the condutance of the overburden while tilt-angle anomaly decreases a little bit. However, at higher overburden condutances both of then are attenuated. Phase angle are rotated anti-clockwise with the overburden. This rotation is more intense at higher induction number of the conductor. In the presence of the ohmic-overburden and at moderate values of their condutance, the conductor appears (i) at lower depth than the real, due to the increase in the anomaly amplitude, and ii) less conducting due to the anti-clockwise rotation of the Argand diagram.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do manto de intemperismo sobre anomalias eletromagnéticas provocadas por corpos tabulares inclinados: um estudo através de modelamento reduzido
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1981-09-18) SILVA, Lúcia Maria da Costa e; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Electromagnetic methods have been extensively applied in the prospecting of sulphide bodies and other conducting materials. The interpretation of e. m. data is based on the results obtained either with reduced scale or analytical modelling. In most models, the host rocks, the overburden as well as the halo of disseminated sulphides are considered highly resistive although in nature they are often weakly conductive. Presence of a well-developed conducting overburden in tropical and sub-tropical regions and a saline rich crustal layer in semi-arid regions have been found to modify significantly the e. m. anomalies in practice. Therefore, the parameters of the target, determined on the basis of simple models where the presence of the conducting environment is neglected, are found to be in considerable error. The effects of the overburden on the e. m. anomalies of a dipping tabular ore body were studied with reduced scale models for varying response parameters of both the overburden and the orebody, and also for different depths and dips of the target. The overburden and the orebody were represented by metallic sheets of varying thickness in the scale model developed in accordance with the law of electromagnetic similitude. The results of these investigations show that the overburden affects the anomaly by causing: a) phase rotation; b) amplitude reduction; c) base level displacement; d) reversion of the quadrature; and e) appearance of an extra peak in the quadrature in the case of low dipping models. The last two effects complicate the quantification of the anomalies but, on the other hand, provide a qualitative indication of the response parameters of both the ore body and the overburden. The results were assembled in the form of Argand diagrams and, finally, an interpretation scheme is suggested for the e. m. field data on the basis of these diagrams.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equipamento eletromagnético para prospecção geofísica e modelamento reduzido
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1979-12-13) FONSECA, Nélio Raimundo Medeiros da; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
In the last decade, electromagnetic methods constituted an efficient technique for prospecting of minerals. The objective of this work was to develop an equipment for quantitative electromagnetic prospecting of conducting bodies using dipole-dipole technique. The equipment can also be adopted for reduced scale model experiments. The equipment, in principle, measures the variation in the mutual electromagnetic coupling of two coils, namely the transmitting and the receiving coils. Ground will also contribute to this coupling when the coil system is used near it. This mutual impedance of the transmitter – receiver - ground system shall vary in the vicinity of an anomalous conductor which is manifested as a variation in the signal induced in the search coil. The equipment consists of two sets: a transmitter and a receiver alongwith accessories. The transmitter generates an electromagnetic field at frequencies of 520 Hz and 3090 Hz, and a reference signal for the receiver which is connected through a cable. The receiver first separates the anomalous secondary e.m. field from the uniform primary field. Then this secondary signal is decomposed into two orthogonal components, one inphase and other in quadrature with respect to the primary field. Amplitudes of these phase components can be measured directly in terms of the percentage of the primary field within a precision of 1%, using two amplitude scales. The sensibility of the receiver is 0.5 μV. Electronic circuits were rigorously tested by using precise laboratory instruments. The performance of the e.m. equipment was verified (a) by carrying out classical e.m. model experiments in the laboratory and comparing them with the published results; and (b) by taking some e. m. traverses in an area near Araci, in the State of Bahia, which has been prospected by "Rio Doce Geologia e Mineraçáo S/A-DOCEGEO". All these tests verify a highly good performance of the equipment in terms of its precision and usefulness for field work.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da resposta de diferentes arranjos de bobinas na perfilagem de indução de poço: modelamento analógico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1991-11-25) MONTENEGRO, José Flávio Bezerra; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Induction logs are frequently run in the drill holes to distinguish the zones containing hydrocarbons from those containing conate water, based on the conductivity contrast. Besides localizing these zones, the induction log can be used to calculate the hydrocarbon reserves reservoir evaluation. Most commercial induction logs use a coaxial coil system, which have poor response in thin beds, deep invasion and conductive muds. A comparative study of E.M. responses both coaxial and a coplanar coil systems was carried out for different geological situations to test the two systems in conditions where the coaxial system responds poorly. For this study, an existing analog model was modified. The model source frequency is in the range of 50 to 100 kHz. A scale factor of 20 was chosen for this study. Solutions of varying electrical conductivities, obtained using different concentrations of amonium chloride contained in various compartments in a fiber glass tank, simulated the geological models. The measurements obtained demonstrate that the coplanar coil system has a better vertical resolution than the coaxial coil system normaly used in induction logging.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da resposta de perfilagem de indução de camadas finas com diferentes arranjos de bobinas: modelamento analógico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1993-12-16) CARVALHO, Paulo Roberto de; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Analog model studies were carried out comparing the eletromagnetic responses of various two-coil systems in a borehole, in order to improve the vertical resolution of the indution tools. For this purpose geoeletric models, simulating well-logging situations in the stratified beds of varying thicknesses, with or without fluid invasion, were constructed at a reduced scale of 20. The sensitivity of the system to measure relative fields (secondary/primary) is of the order of 0.01 %. Following conclusions were drawn after analysing the response profiles obtained for a coaxial and a coplanar coil systems: • In case of thin conducting beds placed in relatively resistive beds, such as shale beds in sandstones containing hydrocarbons, the coaxial system shows a better resolution than coplanar system both in determination and estimating the thickness of thin beds; • On the other hand, in the presence of thin resistive beds placed in relatively conductive zone, such as sandstone containing hydrocarbons lying in a shale, the coplanar coil system gives a better vertical resolution than the coaxial system; • "Shoulder effect" is much more pronounced in the coaxial system than the coplanar coils; • In case of thick beds, bed-boundaries are well defined in the coplanar coil system response. However, when the thickness is reduced the small oscillating signal indicating the interfaces disappears.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de anomalias eletromagnéticas de um condutor tabular vertical sob camadas parcialmente condutiva em multifrequência e multiseparação através de modelamento analógico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1986-05-09) QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Partially conducting environment surrouding an one body highly affect its electromagnetic response. Conducting host rock, overburden and disseminated sulphide halo, for example, affect the electromagnetic response in different ways depending upon their electrical properties, areal and geometrical relation with the target, and in particular to the EM system used for prospecting. In the thesis, EM anomalies due to vertical tabular conducting bodies under am overburden, obtained through reduced scale models, are analised for different ground EM systems - horizontal coplanar, vertical coplanar and vertical coaxial - in 8 frequencies between 250 Hz to 35 kHz and the coil separation 0,15; 0,20 and 0,25m. Overburden was simulated by horizontally placed thin stainless steel sheet and the main conducting target by thin aluminium shets placed vertically below the former. The dimensions of these sheets were determined according to the modelling conditions for a plane and half-plane. Various geological situations were represented in modelling using the combinations of the three metallic sheets of varying thicknesses and conductivities to simulate the ore body and another three sheets to simulated the overburden. Set of diagrams are plotted using peak-to-peak in phase and quadrature anomalies for analyzing the results. However, another set of diagrams show that the maximum in phase anomaly occurs when the quadrature countpart is zero at relatively low frequencies when the ore-body together with the overburden is studied. On the other hand, the maximum amplitude in quadrature is obtained at relatively high frequencies when the in phase component attains the minimum, almost zero. With this type of analysis, it was to known the band of frequencies, for each of prospecting systems studied, in wich the EM response of the ore body is least affected by the overburden. Highest response was obtained with the horizontal coplanar system and the least with the vertical coplanar coils. An increase in the separation between the transmitter-receiver resulted in dislocating the peaks to lower frequencies. Widest band of frequencies, in wich the EM response of the body is least affected by the overburden, is obtained in case of vertical coaxial system and narrowest for the horizontal coplanar coils. These results helps us in planning the EM prospecting systems by knowing the position and the band with of frequencies to be used along with otimum transmitter-receiver separation such that the EM response remains free from undesired signals, for example those caused by to overburden.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de geração de campo uniforme para modelagem eletromagnética
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-10-25) CHAVES NETO, Antonio Maia de Jesus; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
In order to study the electromagnetic prospecting problems in geophysics through analog modelling, the full scale conditions are represented in the laboratory at a reduced scale according to the theory of similitude. Therefore, to investigate the problems of VLF, AFMAG and MT techniques, its necessary to create a uniform field in the experimental set up. Various physical systems for generating the uniform fields were analysed theoretically in this thesis. The systems studied here are a circular coil, a Helmholtz coil system, a solenoid, a rectangular coil, a plane of currents and a two parallel planes of currents. Analytical relations were obtained for the magnetic fields at a point in space and subsequently the conditions for a uniform field. In cases where the conditions for the uniform field could not be obtained analytically, the percentage deviation of the field with reference to a pre-selected point was computed. The magnetic field maps as well as the percentage deviation maps were presented for all the systems studied here. Also, volume of the space avaliable for various percentage deviation of the uniform field have been calculed. A comparative study of these systems shows that the solenoid is the most efficient way to create a uniform field followed by a Helmholtz coil system. Nevertheless, the field created within a solenoid is a closed space where it is difficult to place models in order to carry out the experiments. Therefore, it is recommended to use a Helmholtz coil system to create a uniform field, because it provides sufficient open space of a uniform field that facilitates the experiments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudos dos efeitos do manto de intemperismo sobre anomalias de VLF geradas por corpos inclinados: modelagem numérica através de programa eGs
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-09-02) VOGADO, Gilberto Emanoel Reis; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
In this dissertation I have studied the effect of partially conducting overburden on the VLF anomalies of an underlying inclined conducting half-plane. In tropical climate, overburden is normally well developed due to climatic conditions. This study is realized through numerical modeling using finite elements and algorithms computing the results employing the eGs developed by Luiz Rijo of the Department of Geophysics of the Federal University of Pará, Brazil. In these numerical experiments two geoelectrical situations between the overburden and the underlying half-plane are considered: one when they are in galvanic contact called as “galvanic overburden” and the other when they are not in contact called as “inductive overburden”. The depth, dip and conductance of the half-plane is varied alongwith the conductance of the overburden in this study. The results are presented in the form of Tilt-Angle and Ellipticity profiles. The Ellipticity profiles are highly affected by the presence of both types of the conducting overburden. The minor positive and negative peaks in the central part of the profile disappear as the overburden conductance increases. Initially there is an enhancement in the ellipticity anomaly at the lower conductance of the overburden but then it decreases as the overburden conductance increases. However, the tilt-angle anomalies decrease monotonously. Also, in both the ellipticity and the tilt-angle profiles, the distance between the peaks become shorter due the overburden. Consequently, the target depth is interpreted as shallower than the real. The index of asymmetry, used to determine the dip of the half-plane, is also affected by the overburden. Therefore, the dip determination is hampered in the presence of the overburden. An anticlock wise rotation in Argand diagram due to increase in the overburden conductance, result in interpretation a target of less conductance than the real value. Therefore, the presence of the conducting overburden should be taken into the consideration during interpretation of the VLF anomalies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geofísica aplicada ao mapeamento de aquíferos da Região Metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000) MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
Today, about 46% of the drinkable water consumed in the city of Belém is underground water, showing the great importance of this source, even in an area that is rich in surface water as the amazon region. This importance is due to a failure in executing of an established planning. In addition, the costs of works of explotation of superficial waters are very high. Thus, the alternative for Belém has been the underground water, as a good, healthy and economic palliative. The existence of an enormous amount of water resources in the Barreiras sediments and the Pirabas formation contributes to this alternative. The former were deposited in fluvial and estuary environment, while the Pirabas formation possesses facies of estuary, mangrove and oceanic origin. In the presented context, it is necessary to investigate such resources to obtain an optimum benefit from them. For this end, two geophysical methodologies were integrated: the Vertical Electric Soundings (VES) and Geophysical Well Logging, using gamma rays, spontaneous potential and electric resistance. Two aquifer environments can be discerned. The first one extends to nearly 160 m of depth, and comprises sandy bodies in forms of channels and lenses, interrupted or not, imbedded in a shaly matrix. The second one is characterized by extensive sandy beds with lenses of clay, and its depth extends from 160 m up to 285 m, approximately. The consumption of water of the superior aquifer is adequate for residences and condominiums, because of the high cost of great depth wells. The public provisioning should use the inferior aquifer, due to its high discharges (larger than 100 m3/h) and its water of better quality, protected of anthropic actions, as it is being done.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geração de campo magnético direcional por combinação de dipolos magnéticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001) PEREIRA NETO, João Augusto; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The induction tool is used in order to determine the concentration of hidrocarbons in the formation. Thick layers reservoirs are easy to be investigated but there is a need to improve the resolution of the existing tools to investigate potentially thin alternating clay-sand sequences. This could be achieved by focusing a directed beam of the magnetic field in the formation. The type of field can be created by combining the magnetic dipoles in different configurations. In this work we studied the generation of the directional and focused magnetic field with different combinations of two transmitters loops (two magnetic dipoles) so that the tool gets a better penetration depth than the current inductive tools being capable to delineate zones of fine layers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mapeamento de aquíferos na cidade de Manaus (AM) utilizando perfilagem geofísica de poço e sondagem elétrica vertical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-09-02) SOUZA, Lena Simone Barata; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The principal source of groundwater in Manaus-AM is the Alter of Chão aquifer. This aquifer is characterized by sand, clay and sandy-clay sedimentary facies and the Manaus sandstones, deposited in the fluvial and fluvial-deltaic ambient. An estimated amount of 32.500 km3 of groundwater can be exploited from this aquifer through wells of about 220 m deep, producing water at a maximum rate of 300 m3/h. However, there are big distortions in the production rates. In some boreholes they are as low as 78 m3/h because of wrong filter locations due to the lack of information about the aquifer position in depth. The permo-porous zones forming the aquifers were mapped in the northern and eastern part of the town of Manaus, employing in integration of the information available from the well-log geophysical data, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data the litology obtained through the examination of the borehole cuttings. This work resulted in the identification of two distinct geohidrological zones in depth. The first, up to the depth of 50 m, is marked by clay, sand and sandy-clay zones of varied dimensions. However, they are not recommended for great demand of water because of the limited lateral extension of the sand zones and for being susceptible to superficial contaminations. The second zone extents below 50 m to about 290 m in depth, and is very appropriate for the storage of large amount of groundwater because it contains thick sand zones of great lateral extensions. The production rate of the wells in this aquifer is around 300 m3/h. Therefore, it is recommended for the supply of good quality groundwater to meet higher demands such as for a district in a town. An analysis of the transverse resistance and longitudinal conductance maps of the upper zone up to 50 m, leads to that NE and SW sectors of the area contend more permeable zones, contend less clayey layers, therefore, of higher transmissibility zones of the aquifer system. However, for wells deeper than 50 m, recommend NNW e SW region for their locations based on the results obtained through Geophysical Well Logging that delineates the permo-pourous layers forming a good aquifer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelamento analógico de polarização induzida para corpos cilíndricos e tabulares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-03-15) GALLAS, José Domingos Faraco; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The Induced Polarization method, a well known tool for sulphide exploration and indirectly for gold searching in pollymetalic associations is experiencing also an increasing application in underground water exploration and civil engineering problems. A review on the basic theory, applicabilities, field methodologies, advantages and disadvantages is presented. The aim of the present study, however, is to develop a methodology for IP analog modelling. The choice was for simple geometric shapes such as cylinder and thin sheets, built with quartzitic sand and disseminated graphite in a standard cement. The grade of graphite was controlled and varied for different model geometries. The results are discussed in terms of IP response as a function of geometry, graphite content, depth and strike of the models.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelamento da permissividade dielétrica de rochas saturadas de óleo e água e suas aplicações em perfilagem de poço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-10-12) GOMES, Arnaldo Lopez Pereira; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The electromagnetic propagation tool (EPT) provides the propagation time (Tpl) and the attenuation (A) of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a lossy medium. These EPT responses depend on the dielectric permittivity of the medium. There are several models and mixing equations concerning the dielectric permittivity of reservoir rocks that can be used in the interpretation of the high frequency tool. However, the mixing equations do not take into account the distribution and the geometry of the pore space, and these parameters are essential to obtaining dielectric responses approximating a true rock. A model based on the parameters described above was selected and this was applied to dielectric data available in the literature. A good agreement was reached between the theoretical curves and experimental data, confirming that the distribution and geometry of the pore space must be considered in the development of a realistic model. Aspect ratio distribution functions of the pores were also obtained, which were used for generating several curves relating the EPT responses to various oil/gas saturations. These curves were applied to the log analysis. The selected model fit the dielectric data available in the literature reasonably well, thus, making it suitable for application to experimental data of rock from Brazilian producing fields for the interpretation of the EPT in these fields.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelamento eletromagnético analógico de corpos tabulares em contato e sem contato com o manto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1989-09-18) NERES, Raimundo Luna; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
In the last three decades, electromagnetic methods are continuing to develop due to their proven usefulness in the search for massive sulfides. In tropical regions, the overburden is usually conducting. However the effect of this conducting layer is seldon taken into account while interpretating the EM data. this can cause considerable interpretation erros. In this work, we considered the overburden in-contact and not in-contact with the underlying conductor. Reduced scale model experiments were carried out to study the effects of the overburden on the EM anomalies of inclined tabular like bodies. With this objective, response parameters of the conductor and the overburden were varied. The target-conductor is represented in the model experiments by stainless steel sheets. These sheets are, larg compared the coil separation in order to simulated the behavior of a half-plane. The overburden is simulated by a conducting solution. To represented the case of a conductive-overburden the model is placed in galvanic contact with the solution. In case of the inductive-overburden the model is coupled to the overburden only inductively and did not have a galvanic contact. This situation is attained by keeping the model 1) totally out of the solution, and 2) partially in the solution but the model is covered by a resistive film to avoid the galvanic contact with the solution. In the presence of inductive-overburden, the anomalies are slightly attenuated. In the quadrature component the profile is inverted and an extra-peak appear in the case of low dipping models at higher induction numbers of the overburden and the model. Also the anomaly suffers a clockwise rotation which is intense for higher induction number of the conductor. Therefore, in the presence of an inductive-overburden the conductor appears to be more conducting and at higher depth than it really is. In the presence of a conductive-overburden, the anomaly amplitude are slightly enhanced and suffer an anticlockwise phase rotation, which is more intense at the lower induction number of the conductor. However, the other effects in the quadrature component, like the inversion and an appearance of the extra-peak, are similar to that of the inductive-overburden. Due to these effects of the conductive-overburden, the conductor appears to be at a shallower depth and less conducting than it actually is. These modifications in anomalies are caused by: a) The primary and secondary EM fields suffering attenuation and phase rotation when passing through a conducting overburden, b) an inductive interaction between the induced currents in the conductor and the overburden, and also, c) a redistribution of the currents in the overburden when the conductor is placed in it. In case of a conductive-overburden, currents are channeled in the conductor which is in galvanic contact with the less conducting overburden. On the other hand when a conductor covered with a resistive film is placed in the conducting solution, the currents are displaced and they crowd in the solution next to the boundary of the resistive film.