Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2603

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) surgiu em 1976 como uma necessidade de desmembramento do então já em pleno desenvolvimento Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas (CPGG), instalado ainda em 1973 nesta mesma Universidade. Foi o primeiro programa stricto sensu de Pós-Graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Geociências em toda Amazônia Legal. Ao longo de sua existência, o PPGG tem pautado sua atuação na formação na qualificação de profissionais nos níveis de Mestrado e Doutorado, a base para formação de pesquisadores e profissionais de alto nível. Neste seu curto período de existência promoveu a formação de 499 mestres e 124 doutores, no total de 623 dissertações e teses.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geologia e metalogênese do ouro do greenstone belt da Serra das Pipocas, Maciço de Troia, Província Borborema, NE - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-13) COSTA, Felipe Grandjean da; KLEIN, Evandro Luiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0464969547546706
At the Archean–Paleoproterozoic Troia Massif, in Borborema Province, NE–Brazil, two major Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts are recognized (Algodões and Serra das Pipocas). These share similar ages and lithostratigraphic characteristics with other 2.2–2.1 Ga greenstone belts of the surrounding cratonic domains (e.g. Guiana shield and São Luis–West Africa craton), and also host gold mineralization. In this thesis, a U–Pb zircon age of 2185 Ma was obtained for a pre–collisional metatonalite (Mirador tonalites) with geochemical affinity similar to adakites–like rocks. For syn– to post–collisional potassic plutons (Bananeira suite) we obtained U–Pb zircon ages of 2079 Ma for a deformed quartz monzonite and of 2068 Ma for the less–deformed equigranular granite. These granitoids of the Bananeira suite are both of high–K calc–alkaline affinity, and probably derived from partial melting of crustal sources. Zircon Hf crustal model ages of all granitoids range between 2800 and 2535 Ma, indicating that Archean crustal components contributed to their magma genesis. However, two analyzed c. 2.3 Ga old inherited zircon grains showing Ɛ_Hf (t) values of c. +4.9, indicate that crustal reworking of less–radiogenic Paleoproterozoic sources also participated. Gold mineralization in the Serra das Pipocas greenstone belt is associated with a regional NE-trending shear zone. The mineralized areas (the Pedra Branca gold deposit) are located near–parallel to the stratigraphy, siting on shear zones, between metavolcanic and metasedimentary unit boundaries. The main stage of gold mineralization is found in association with quartz veins, high–temperature calc–silicate alteration (diopside, K–feldspar, amphibole, titanite, biotite, pyrite, albite, magnetite ± carbonates) and albitization. Free–milling gold commonly precipitates in close association with magnetite and gold/silver tellurides. Two fluid inclusion assemblages were identified in mineralized quartz veins. Assemblage 1 is characterized by pseudo–secondary trails that show the coexistence of CO₂–rich and low salinity (0 to 8 wt% NaCl equiv.) CO₂–H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–NaCl inclusions, suggesting formation during phase separation (fluid immiscibility). The mean isochores intersection of CO₂–rich and H₂O–NaCl inclusions of assemblage 1 suggests PT conditions of 495 °C and 2.83 kbar (c. 10.5 km depth), akin to hypozonal orogenic gold deposits. Assemblage 2 is represented by late secondary low–temperature (Th<200°C) H₂O–NaCl inclusions, probably unrelated to gold mineralization. The δ¹⁸O, δD and δ¹³C values of hydrothermal minerals (quartz, calcite, biotite, hornblende and magnetite) define fluid δ¹⁸O values ranging from +8.3 to +11.0‰ (n=59), fluid δD from -98 to -32‰ (n=24) and δ¹³C values of calcite from -6.35 to -9.40‰ (n=3). Oxygen isotope thermometry for quartz–magnetite pairs gave temperatures from 467 to 526°C (n=7, average 503°C), which probably represents the temperature of gold deposition. The association of gold with magnetite and tellurides strongly suggests an ore–forming fluid sourced by oxidized magmas, similar to those interpreted as ‘orogenic oxidized intrusion– related gold deposits’ in other Precambrian greenstone belts (e.g. Abitibi and Eastern Goldfields). Four deformation events (Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2 and Dn+3) are recognized in the Serra das Pipocas greenstone belt. The Dn event is responsible for the early Sn foliation, parallel to bedding (So) of the greenstone pile. The Dn+1 event is characterized by a pervasive, southeasterly–dipping Sn+1 foliation that is axial–planar to a number of asymmetric, tight to isoclinal and recumbent folds. The Dn+2 event represents a transcurrent deformation phase and the late Dn+3 event is characterized by ductile–brittle deformation. The main stage of gold mineralization is found as deformed quartz veins and associated high–temperature alteration, but some lower temperature gold (±Te, Ag) occurrence along the late stage brittle structures (Dn+3 event) is also observed. The U–Pb titanite age of 2029 ± 28 Ma for the high– temperature calc–silicate alteration (and gold mineralization) is presented here. However, the strong Pb loss of titanite grains defines a 574 ± 7 Ma lower intercept age, evidencing that early gold mineralization were broadly affected by Neoproterozoic deformational events and metamorphism (Brasiliano/Pan–African orogeny). The U–Pb zircon age of 575 ± 3 Ma for syn–tectonic diques bracketed the age of late Dn+3 deformation event. Then, the progressive deformation recorded (Dn+1, Dn+2 and Dn+3) is probably of Neoproterozoic age, with the maximum compressive stress (ζ1) in the WNW–ESE direction. However, at local scale, Paleoproterozoic deformation records (Dn) still preserved. The genetic model for the Pedra Branca gold deposit is suggested here by a two–stage exhumation–drive gold mineralization; represented by a (1) early oxidized hypozonal orogenic gold mineralization (main stage) that occurred at c. 2029 Ma, shortly after the high–grade Paleoproterozoic metamorphism and first exhumation processes of the greenstone pile, and later on, at c. 580 Ma, a (2) late gold mineralization (remobilization?) occurred at shallow levels (second exhumation process) associated to late Neoproterozoic Brasiliano/Pan–African orogeny.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morfologia e química mineral de zircão e cassiterita, em concentrados de bateia, como guia prospectivo para mineralizações de Sn na Província Estanífera de Rondônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-23) SILVA, Luciano Castro da; LAMARÃO, Claudio Nery; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6973820663339281
The contents of trace elements in certain minerals could help to revels tectonic, petrologic, hydrothermal or weathering processes which it was submitted. In addition to being a common accessory mineral, chemically and physically resistant to sedimentary transport and weather, high temperature metamorphic processes and anatexia, the abundance of certain trace elements in igneous zircons has allowed a connection with its type of rock source, its environment of crystallization and with certain mineral deposits. High levels of Hf and low Zr / Hf ratios in zircons are characteristic of mineralized granites in Sn and associated metals (Nb, Ta, ETR, etc.). Concentrations of Y and Nb, elements slightly mobile in aqueous environment, of granites type A can be used as good indicators of the crustal or juvenile nature of the magmas from which these rocks crystallized. Zircon crystals tend to incorporate Y and Nb in their structure and may present Y / Nb ratios close to the initial ratio of their generating magma. From the morphology and composition of zircon detrital crystals, it is possible to estimate the number of sedimentary rocks in the active river beds and their transport distance. The chemical compositions of cassiterites can also be used to indicate sources and generating processes. The present work is based on MEV images and semiquantitative analyzes by EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) of zircon and cassiterite detrital crystals from baton concentrate of the Rondônia Tin-Province (RTP). The main objective is to characterize the sources of these minerals, to confirm the location of deposits in exploration and to indicate potential areas for the prospection of Sn and associated metals. The use of morphology and mineral chemistry of detrital grains on a regional scale could be used as a fast and efficient tool for the prospecting of certain mineral goods. The work area, located in RTP, north-central portion of State Rondônia, is contained in the sheets Alto Jamari SC-20-Y-B and Ariquemes SC-20-V-D, both mapped by CPRM in the 1: 250,000 scale. Samples of baton concentrate from these projects were collected in active drainage from an initial volume of 20 liters of sediment retained between strainer of 5 and 0.5 mm. From these concentrates, light minerals were separated by micro-batting with water, heavy liquids (bromoform), magnetic by hand Nd magnet, and crystals of zircon (one hundred grains) and cassiterite (all grains screened in 5g of concentrate) using a binocular loupe, in addition of criteria such as color, granulometry and morphology representative of the populations of these minerals. Subsequently, zircon and cassiterite mounts were prepared for MEV / EDS analysis. The zircon crystals with contents of Hf>3% were interpreted as coming from rocks with high potential to mineralization in Sn and associated metals. These crystals were used in the geostatistical treatment and compared with the geographic positioning of mines and digging of Sn, known in the study area, to verify the veracity of the method. The geostatistical treatment used the ordinary kriging method and, from the results, isoteores curves were generated. The isothermal maps, using Zr / Hf ratios in detrital zircons of baton concentrate, were efficient because they coincided with known cassiterite deposits in the region. In the area selected for this study a significant compositional and morphological variety of zircon detrital grains were identified. Even in the most Hf enriched crystals (Hf>3%), these contents and their Zr / Hf ratios vary strongly. The most altered crystals tend to be more enriched in Hf and have lower Zr / Hf ratios, are more fractured and fragile to transport, indicating proximal sources. On the other hand, the less altered grains have low Hf contents, high Zr / Hf ratios and show little to moderately rounded, indicating proximal to intermediate sources. While Zr and Hf are variable within the same grain, the contents of Y and Nb are virtually constant. In the ternary diagram Hf-Nb-Y, the zircons of the RTP are enriched in Nb and impoverished in Y, while in the South of Pará Tin-Province (SPTP) and Pitinga they present Y enrichment and Nb impoverishment. The high values of Nb in the zircons of RTP and those of Y in the SPTP are interpreted here as a response of the magmatic source where they were formed. While the zircons of RTP are from rocks with positive εNd (t) values close to zero, the εNd (t) values of the SPTP are strongly negative. Thus, it can be assumed that zircons with high Y / Nb ratios would come from predominantly crustal sources, while zircons with low Y / Nb ratios would have mixed (crustal and mantle) sources. Cassiterite crystals of this study are prismatic or granular, with pyramidal terminations, bordered edges, suggesting absente to moderate sedimentary transport. They have high purity content (Sn between 73 and 79%) with concentrations of substitution cations of Sn around 1.5%. The high relative contents of Nb and Ta indicate magmatic sources and the subordinate Ti and Fe contents show the hydrothermal stage in which these minerals were generated.

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