Teses em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (Doutorado) - PPGNBC/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2390

O Doutorado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PPGNBC) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ajustes posturais antecipatórios e compensatórios em idosos com e sem lombalgia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03) GARCEZ, Daniela Rosa; CALLEGARI, Bianca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0881363487176703; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-3896; YAMADA, Elizabeth Sumi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7240314827308306
Chronic low back pain (DLC) is associated with changes in postural control and is highly prevalent in the elderly. Research shows that aging and DLC are described as important factors that affect postural control. The postural control impairments increase the risk of falls. Researches evaluating the postural control in elderly people with DLC are still necessary for greater effectiveness in balance rehabilitation programs to prevention falls in this population. The objective of this study is to verify whether anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) are affected by DLC in elderly people by assessing their postural control during a self-initiated perturbation paradigm induced by rapid upper arm movement when pointing to a target. Elderly people were divided into: Group with DLC (GDLC) (n = 15) and Control Group (CG) (n = 15). The participants’ lower limb muscle onset and center of pressure (COP) displacements were assessed prior to perturbation and throughout the entire movement. T0 moment (i.e., the beginning of the movement) was defined as the anterior deltoid (DEL) onset, and all parameters were calculated with respect to it. The rectus femoris (RT), semitendinosus (ST), and soleous (SOL) showed delayed onset in the GDLC group compared with the control group: RF (control: -0.094 ± 0.017 s; GDLC: -0.026 ± 0.012 s, t = 12, p < 0.0001); ST (control: - 0.093 ± 0.013 s; GDL: -0.018 ± 0.019 s, t = 12, p < 0.0001); and SOL (control: -0.086± 0.018 s; GDL: -0.029 ± 0.015 s, t = 8.98, p < 0.0001). In addition, COP displacement was delayed in the GDLC group (control: -0.035 ± 0.021 s; GDL: -0.015 ± 0.009 s, t = 3; p = 0.003) and presented a smaller amplitude during APA COPAPA [control: 0.444 cm (0.187; 0.648); GDLC: 0.228 cm (0.096; 0.310), U = 53, p = 0.012]. The GDLC group required a longer time to reach the maximum displacement after the perturbation (control: 0.211 ± 0.047 s; GDLC 0.296 ± 0.078 s, t = 3.582, p = 0.0013). This indicates that GDLC elderly patients have impairments to recover their postural control and less efficient anticipatory adjustments during the compensatory phase. Our results suggest that people with GDL have altered feedforward hip and ankle muscle control, as shown from the SOL, ST, and RT muscle onset. This study is the first study in the field of aging that investigates the postural adjustments of an elderly population with GDLC. Clinical assessment of this population should consider postural stability as part of a rehabilitation program.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de patógenos orais entre indivíduos portadores de câncer gástrico e indivíduos sem câncer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06) OLIVEIRA, Gyselle Ribeiro de Carvalho; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-234X
The loss of teeth and lack of oral hygiene have been associated with the risk of developing gastric cancer in several populations evidenced in epidemiological studies. In this study, we quantitatively compared the proportion of oral pathogens in individuals with gastric cancer and individuals without cancer in a referral hospital in the city of Belém, Brazil. This study evaluated 192 patients with gastric cancer and 192 patients without cancer. Periodontal clinical examination was performed, and all individuals were submitted to the collection of salivary and dental biofilms. When comparing the median periodontal indexesin the gastric and cancer-free groups, it was statistically significant in the gastric cancer group compared to the probing depth of the periodontal pocket. Levels of bacterial DNA were observed in saliva and dental plaque, with a statistically significant difference between individuals with cancer and without neoplasia in all the bacteria surveyed. Significant relationships between biological agents and gastric cancer have been found in bacterial species that cause high rates of periodontal pathology and caries. The results suggest a different quantitative association in the presence of oral pathogens between individuals without cancer and patients with gastric cancer. As noted, it cannot be said that the bacteria present in the oral cavity increase the risk of gastric cancer or are aggravating factors of the disease. However, it is worth mentioning that, as it is part of the digestive system, the lack of care for the oral cavity can negatively affect the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade neuroprotetora do treinamento físico moderado contra os danos morfofuncionais cerebelares causados pelo consumo de etanol de forma intensa e episódica (Binge drinking) em ratos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09) VIEIRA, Kátia Lamarão; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-4013
Ethanol (EtOH) is a psychotropic drug, central nervous system (CNS) depressant, but widely encouraged and consumed by Brazilian society, as well as in much of the world, reflecting on a public health problem. In recent decades, teenagers have been practicing a very common practice, which is binge drinking. The harmful consumption of EtOH promotes, besides biopsychosocial alteration, the homeostatic imbalance that causes neurodegeneration and loss of function with motor disorders. In contrast, the practice of moderate physical training (MPT) has been recommended for the maintenance of physical and mental health, as well as prevention or minimization of the development of some diseases due to motor activity inducing plastic and dynamic changes in the CNS, in order to favor the neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and angiogenesis, besides contributing to the synaptic modulation. In view of the benefits of MPT, it was investigated the neuroprotective effects on motor, tissue and biochemical parameters in the cerebellum of rats exposed to binge-pattern EtOH from adolescence to adulthood. Forty male Wistar rats with 30 days old were used and divided into four groups, the control being sedentary animals and treated with distilled H2O; the trained, composed of animals exercised and treated with distilled H2O; EtOH, formed by sedentary animals and treated with doses of 3 g/kg/day EtOH, 20% (w/v); and Trained + EtOH, with exercised animals and treated with doses of 3 g/kg/day EtOH, 20% (w/v). The MPT protocol was performed on a rodent treadmill for 5 days for 4 weeks and binge-pattern EtOH doses were administered by intragastric gavage in the same weeks as the MPT. After this period, the animals were submitted to open field and beam walking behavioral tests. Then, they were euthanized for cerebellum collection, evaluating immunohistochemistry from the levels of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrite and lipid peroxidation (LPO); as well as Purkinje cell morphology (PC), the fraction of anti-synaptophysine (SYP) and anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabeled area. According to the result, EtOH caused severe oxidative stress and motor damage, but the execution of the MPT performed promoted neuroprotective effects in the rat cerebellum, among them, the modulation of oxidative biochemistry by the restoration of GSH levels. decreased LPO levels and increased TEAC, as well as preventing neuronal loss, synaptic vesicle damage (SYP) and myelin components (MBP). Therefore, MPT can be considered as a significant therapeutic strategy for the acquisition of redox homeostasis, avoiding oxidative biochemistry imbalance, as well as tissue and functional damage in the cerebellum of rats treated by binge pattern EtOH.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica de sucção disfuncional em lactentes com anquiloglossia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11) CUNHA, Bruna Mendes Lourenço; SILVA FILHO, Manoel da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2032152778116209
Introduction: Breastfeeding is widely recommended as an exclusive diet until 6 months of age and continued until two years or more. Its benefits are numerous and proven, including improving the immune system, a nutrient-rich diet and craniofacial development from the sucking movement. However, not all babies are able to breastfeed due to some difficulties, with ankyloglossia. Known as tongue tie, it can restrict tongue movements, making breastfeeding difficult and, in some cases, being responsible for early weaning. Objective: Compare infant suction in babies with and without ankyloglossia using a microprocessor-controlled pressure sensor coupled to a pacifier. Method: Fifty-five infants from 0 to 2 months of age underwent clinical examination for ankyloglossia, after which they were offered a silicone pacifier connected to the pressure acquisition device and suction activity was recorded. Thus, we extracted the frequency of sucks within a burst, the average suck duration, the burst duration, the number of sucks per burst, the maximum amplitude of sucks per burst and the inter-burst interval. Results: The key difference in newborns with ankyloglossia in relation to control was that they perform longer bursts of suction activity. Conclusion: The longer burst durations are likely a compensatory strategy and may underlie the pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding. We therefore propose a method for objectively quantifying some parameters of infant suction capacity and demonstrate its use in assisting the evaluation of ankyloglossia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da suplementação com açaí clarificado (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) sobre marcadores de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06) MARTINS, Isabelle Christine Vieira da Silva; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-9124
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do exercício físico sore parâmetros cognitivos e bioquímicos em ratos expostos ao etanol de forma intensa e episódica (Binge Drinking)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-21) TEMBRA, Dinair Pamplona dos Santos; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468
The consumption pattern of heavy and episodic ethanol, weekend consumption, characterizes the pattern of excessive alcohol consumption or binge drinking that promotes an imbalance of brain metabolic functions, contributing to neurodegeneration and cerebral dysfunction. And because it is a legal drug, it has global relevance in public and social health. In this way, we aimed to investigate the effects of physical training of moderate intensity, in treadmill, on the deleterious effects of ethanol on hippocampus functions related to memory and learning. For this, 80 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control group; Trained group (animals trained and treated with distilled water); Ethanol group (animals not trained and treated with doses of 3 g / kg / day of ethanol, 20% w / v); and ethanol + trained group (animals trained and exposed to ethanol). Physical exercise was performed on a treadmill for 5 days a week for 4 weeks and all doses of ethanol and distilled water were administered by intragastric gavage (three days a week) in four repeated cycles. After the experimental period, the animals were submitted to the task of object recognition and Morris aquatic labyrinth test, and after euthanasia, blood and hippocampus were collected to measure levels of antioxidant capacity equivalent to trolox (TEAC), content of reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrite and lipid peroxidation. (LPO). Our results showed that EtOH caused marked oxidative stress and mnemonic damage, and physical exercise promoted neuroprotective effects, including modulation of oxidative plasma biochemistry (by restoration of GSH levels) and hippocampus (reducing levels of LPO and increasing antioxidant parameters) and improving cognitive function. Therefore, physical exercise may be an important prophylactic and therapeutic tool to improve and even prevent the deleterious effects of ethanol on cognitive functions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O extrato aquoso de Coriandrum sativum L. promove neuroproteção contra alterações motoras e danos oxidativos na progênie de ratas expostas ao metilmercúrio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01) RODRIGUES, Keuri Eleutério; PRADO, Alejandro Ferraz do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7016475842644161; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-9124
This study aimed to investigate the efects of Coriandrum sativum aqueous extract (EACS) on the rat progeny of mothers exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). The presence of bioactive compounds and EACS's antioxidant capacity been evaluated, and the spring were assessed for their total mercury levels, motor behavioral parameters and oxidative stress in the cerebellum. The analysis of the bioactive compounds revealed significant amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, as well as a variety of minerals. A DPPH test showed the EACS had important antioxidant activity. The MeHg + EACS group performed significantly better spontaneous locomotor activity, palmar grip strength, balance, and motor coordination in behavioral tests compared the MeHg group, as well as in the parameters of oxidative stress, with similar results to those of the control group. The MeHg + EACS group alsohad significantly reduced mercury levels in comparison to the MeHg group. Based on the behavioral tests, which detected large locomotor, balance, and coordination improvements, as well as a reduction in oxidative stress, we conclude that EACS had positive functional results in the spring of rats exposed to MeHg.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plasticidade de modalidade cruzada em córtices sensoriais adulto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-21) DIAS, Ivanira Amaral; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644
The central nervous system (CNS) neural circuitry is highly dynamic and is continuously modified by sensory experience, in a process we call neuroplasticity, which gives the CNS the ability to adapt to changes in the sensory periphery and / or in response to environmental stimuli . This ability of the CNS remains lifelong, although it is more intense during early stages of development, especially during the critical plasticity period. The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of bilateral sensory deprivation on cross modal neuroplasticity in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory primary cortices od adult rats. Animals (Rattus novergicus) (authorization CEUA/UFPA: 141-13) were divided into three experimental groups: a control group (CTL), an unimodal deprivation group (DEP), in which the animals were subjected to visual deprivation by bilateral enucleation, and a bimodal deprivation group (DDEP), whose animals were submitted to both visual and whisker deprivation bilaterallly. After 60 days of sensory deprivation, the rats were perfused and the brains were sectioned in the coronal plane for immunohistochemistry procedures aimed at revealing the activation of immediate early genes (c-Fos). The results showed that after bilateral visual deprivation the number of c-Fos+ neurons decreased in the visual cortex (** p < 0.0056), increased in the auditory cortex (** p <0.0099), and had no effect in the somatosensory cortex. Bilateral visual and whisker deprivation decreased the number of c-Fos+ neurons in the visual cortex (* p <0.0268) but did not have any effect in the somatosensory and auditory cortices.

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