ICB - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2151
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Anatomia da glândula nodal em Moutabea chodatiana Huber e Securidaca bialata Benth. (Polygalaceae)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12) COSTA, Christiane Silva da; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; FLORES, Andréia Silva; SIMÕES, André OlmosDespite the common occurrence and taxonomic value of nodal glands in Polygalaceae, little is known about the anatomy and ontogeny of these organs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the origin and structure of nodal glands in representatives of two genera of Polygalaceae: Securidaca L. and Moutabea Aubl. Samples from the fourth node were taken, fixed and processed for analysis under light and scanning electron microscopy, according to conventional techniques in plant anatomy. Our results show that, regardless their size and shape, glands from all analyzed taxa have a similar stipular origin, being connected to the leaf trace, and confirming previous studies on the foliar nature of these structures in the family.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Anatomia foliar de cinco espécies de Polygala de restinga e cerrado(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; YAMAMOTO, Kikyo; CASTRO, Marília de MoraesThe ecological plasticity observed in plants that inhabit different vegetation formations is often accompanied by morphological variations, the leaf being the vegetative organ with the greatest structural variation. In view of this concept, the leaf anatomy of five species of Polygala L. occurring in restinga (sandy coastal plain) and cerrado (savanna) areas in the state of São Paulo were analyzed in order to inventory their principal characters and describe their leaf structure, to thus compare them and assess the possibility of verifying structural patterns common to the ecological conditions of both vegetation formations. The species studied were: P. cyparissias A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. laureola A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. paniculata L. found in restinga, and P. angulata DC. and P. violacea Aubl. emend. Marques occurring in campo cerrado and cerradão margin areas, respectively. The middle region of the leaf blade and petiole proximal region of each leaf were processed following the usual techniques for scanning electron and light microscopy. The results show two structural patterns common to the species from the restinga and cerrado area formations: mesomorphic characteristics are observed in P. laureola, P. paniculata, and P. violacea, and xeromorphic in P. cyparissias and P. angulata.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização farmacognóstica de Piper arboreum var. Arboreum e P. tuberculatum (Piperaceae)(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016-06) SILVA, Rolf Junior Ferreira; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; FAIAL, Kelson do Carmo Freitas; MENDONÇA, Maria Sílvia dePiper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum and P. tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae), both known as “pimenta-longa”, are frequently misidentified. Despite the fact that both species are sold as traditional phytotherapeutic products, there are no reports on their quality control. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize leaf and stem herbal drugs of both species using standard methods aiming to establish parameters for botanical authentication and purity degree for their quality control. Size, shape, color, taste, texture, fracture surface and transection characteristics, and leaf venation patterns are macroscopic diagnostic characters useful to distinguish the herbal drugs when they are not powdered. The following characters are useful for diagnostic purposes of the powdered herbal drugs: cuticular and epicuticular wax patterns, types of trichomes, and wall thickening of the tracheary elements, and shape of the hilum of the starch grains. Emergences are key morphological markers for P. tuberculatum herbal drugs. Physicochemical parameter values were similar in herbal drugs of both species, except acid-insoluble ash value which was higher in the P. arboreum var. arboreum stem herbal drugs. Piper arboreum var. arboreum herbal drugs had the highest metal concentrations. Al, Cu, Mn and V concentrations were the highest, whereas Cd, Co and Hg concentrations were the lowest in the herbal drugs of both species. The results obtained can be used as quality control parameters for the herbal drugs of both species.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estruturas secretoras da lâmina foliar de amapá amargo (Parahancornia fasciculata, Apocynaceae): histoquímica e doseamento de flavonoides(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-12) SANTOS, Ana Carla Feio dos; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; AMARANTE, Cristine Bastos do; FERREIRA, Márlia Regina CoelhoBitter amapa (Parahancornia fasciculata (Poir.) Benoist) produces a latex, which is presumed to have medicinal properties, as it is used in the treatment of malaria, lung problems, gastritis, and as healing agent. This study aimed to analyze structural and histochemically the sites of production and/or accumulation of biologically active compounds, as well as to determine the kind of flavonoids present in the leaf blade of bitter amapa. For structural and histochemical analysis we used standard protocols in plant anatomy. Whereas to assay flavonoids we used absorption spectrometry in the ultraviolet-visible region. The secretory system of bitter amapa leaves is constituted of both secretory idioblasts and branched laticifers. Histochemical tests revealed different types of chemical substances in the cell protoplast of idioblasts and laticifers. Pharmacological properties of bitter amapa latex can be attributed to two chemical compounds (flavonoids and alkaloids) found in this study, both of them are present in idioblasts and laticifers.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estruturas secretoras em cipó-d'alho (Mansoa standleyi (Steyerm.) A. H. Gentry, Bignoniaceae): ocorrência e morfologia(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012-09) POTIGUARA, Raimunda Conceição de Vilhena; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; KIKUCHI, Tatiani Yuriko Souza; SANTOS, Ana Carla Feio dos; SILVA, Rolf Junior FerreiraSpecies of Mansoa are called "cipó-d'alho" because of the smell of garlic that wafts from their vegetative and reproductive parts. Since data on the morphology and occurrence of their secretory structures are scarce and even absent for M. standleyi, the present work characterizes the distribution and morphology of such structures in the vegetative aerial axis of the latter. To do so, samples of the leaf blade and of nodal regions were fixed and examined using histological and scanning electron microscope techniques. Histochemical tests with appropriate controls were carried out on the secretory structures during the secretory phase. Fly and ant individuals that visit the species were sampled, preserved and identified by an entomologist. The secretory structures of the vegetative aerial axis of M. standleyi are peltate and patelliform glandular trichomes. All develop asynchronously and are present in the nodal regions and leaf blade, mainly in their youngest parts. Trichomes form a secretory complex in the nodal regions while they are scattered in the leaf blade. Histochemical analyses revealed that the cupulate and patelliform trichomes are extrafloral nectaries and that the peltate ones present an alkaloid fraction. The visitors of the nodal glands are ants Crematogaster (Formicidae) and Ectatomma brunea (Vespoidea, Formicidae) and flies Oxysarcodexia (Sarcophagidae, subfamily Utitidae [Ulidiidae]). The secretory structures of the vegetative aerial axis of Mansoa standleyi are similar to those reported for Bignoniaceae. An extrafloral nectary is described for M. standleyi for the first time.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Flora do Ceará, Brasil: polygalaceae(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06) LIMA, Igor Gonçalves; ALBUQUERQUE, Alex Melo Lins de; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; LOIOLA, Maria Iracema BezerraThis study aimed carry out the floristic inventory of Polygalaceae species, as part of Flora of Ceará project. The study was based in the analysis of morphological characters of specimens obtained in field or in herborized collections from herbaria EAC, BHCB, HST, HVASF, RB and UFP. The field expeditions were realized between September/2015 and March/2016.. The identifications were based on specialized bibliography, confirmed by analysis of collections-types. In the Ceará State, 20 species and seven genera were registered: Acanthocladus (1) Asemeia (3), Bredemeyera (2), Caamembeca (1), Monnina (1), Polygala (9) and Securidaca (3). The species were registered in distincts vegetation types, but occurs, preferably, in stepic savannah (caatinga) and savannah (cerrado) and 13 (62%) were recorded in five Conservations Units. Monnina insignis and Polygala celosioides are new records for Ceará state.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Leaf anatomical features of three Theobroma species (Malvaceae s.l.) native to the Brazilian Amazon(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2014-09) GARCIA, Tarcymara Barata; POTIGUARA, Raimunda Conceição de Vilhena; KIKUCHI, Tatiani Yuriko Souza; DEMARCO, Diego; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de AguiarTheobroma species have economic importance due to their use in the cosmetic and food industries, mainly in the production of chocolate. However, the anatomy of their vegetative structures remains poorly studied. The goal of this study was to describe the anatomical features of Theobroma grandiflorum, T. speciosum and T. subincanum to contribute to the biological knowledge of these species, as well as provide support to the biotechnological studies of native fruit plants of the Amazon. Leaves at different developmental stages were collected and analyzed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Sessile and stalked stellate trichomes and digitiform glandular trichomes were observed in the expanded leaves of T. grandiflorum and T. subincanum. These species were also similar in the morphology of the midrib, the organization of the mesophyll and the presence of starch grains in the midrib pith cells. Claviform glandular trichomes and mucilage cells in the epidermis occurred only in the expanded leaves of T. speciosum. The presence of mucilage secretory trichomes in shoot apices (colleters) of all species is a new finding for the genus Theobroma.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Rosetas e concrescências cristalinas silicificadas em Piper (Piperaceae): registros inéditos de macropadrões(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2014-12) SILVA, Rolf Junior Ferreira; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; MENDONÇA, Maria Sílvia dePiper L. (Piperaceae) is monophyletic, with species of difficult taxonomic distinction, and thus tools that facilitate interspecific identification are needed. The aims of this study were to describe the macropatterns and characterize in situ the chemical composition of leaf and stem crystals of Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum, P. callosum Ruiz & Pav. and P. tuberculatum Jacq., in order to evaluate the use of the crystals on interspecific distinction. Samples were submitted to analyses under light and scanning electron microscopies, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic microanalyses, and histochemical tests. We observed cuneiform, tabular, cubic, and bipiramidal prismatic crystals; raphides; styloids; blocky crystal druses; styloid crystal rosettes; and crystal concretions. We described 15 crystal macropatterns, which were distributed along three categories. The crystals were chemically classified as: pure calcium oxalate; and mixtures of oxalates and sulfates, and of oxalates, sulfates and silica. Crystal rosettes, silicified crystal concretions, and 14 out of the 15 macropatterns described are unpublished reports on biomineral inclusions in Piper and Piperaceae. The stem and leaf crystal macropatterns observed are constitutive and useful for interspecific separation of the studied species. Moreover, the crystals present relevant functions for the autecology of the analyzed taxa from Piper.