Navegando por Autor "BORTOLOTI, Renato"

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Investigação de propriedades quantitativas de relações simbólicas em quatro estudos experimentais envolvendo o paradigma de equivalência de estímulos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-07) BORTOLOTI, Renato; ROSE, Júlio Cesar Coelho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
This work presents four experimental studies that evaluated transfer of functions from faces expressing emotions to arbitrary figures equivalent to them. The specific goals of each study can be articulated around a proposal to investigate quantitative properties of equivalence relations. Chapter 1 describes an experiment conducted to examine if the level of transfer of functions can be affected by the delayed presentation of the comparison stimuli in a matching-to-sample training. In effect, the results showed more transfer when classes were trained with a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. The experiment presented in the Chapter 2 manipulated delayed matching and the number of stimuli intervening in the relation established among faces and figures. The increase in the number of intervenient stimuli negatively affected the formation of equivalence classes and reduced the transfer of function, but these effects were less pronounced when the relations were established by the delayed matching-to-sample procedure. Chapter 3 describes an experiment conducted to verify if arbitrary figures acquire properties from facial expressions presented always very quickly. In this condition, the transfer of functions occurred with less intensity than when the faces are presented for longer periods. Chapter 4 presents a study to evaluate the time spent by the participants to find arbitrary figures equivalent to certain facial patterns described as more quickly localized. Results replicated only in part the transfer of functions demonstrated in a previous experiment. The studies that compose this work provide evidence that the transfer of functions can suffer systematical variations according to the experimental parameters that are employed. Variations in the transfer of function indicate variations in the relatedness of equivalent stimuli.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Medida do grau de relacionamento entre estímulos equivalentes
(2007) BORTOLOTI, Renato; ROSE, Júlio Cesar Coelho de
There are methodological difficulties to quantify the relatedness of equivalent stimuli. The purpose of this study was to create an instrument that could be helpful in this process. Two groups of college students took part in this study. The experimental group established equivalence classes comprised of abstract pictures and pictures of faces expressing anger, happiness and disgust. They then evaluated some of these pictures with a semantic differential. The control group used the same instrument in evaluating faces and figures, untrained in establishing relations between those stimuli. The control group assessed the figures as neutral and their assessment of the faces corresponded to that carried out by the participants of the experimental group – to them, the figures were equivalents to the faces. The comparison between the values attributed to the faces and figures provides a quantitative measurement of the degree of relatedness between those stimuli and that may be used to study parameters such as the number of nodes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Medidas não convencionais de transferências de função entre expressões faciais e figuras abstratas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) BORTOLOTI, Renato; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Equivalence relation can be defined as arbitrary relation capable to turn interchangeable different stimuli in many situations. This implicates that the elements that compose an equivalence class should transfer functions amongst themselves. The present work presents two studies that have in common equivalence class formation including facial expressions and abstract figures, and non-conventional measures of transference of functions. In Experiment 1 there were trained conditional relations of facial expressions (A) to arbitrary stimuli (sets B and C) and C to set D. Then, equivalence of relations D to B were tested. Set A was composed of pictures of human faces expressing three emotions –happiness, angry and disgust–, sets B, C and D were composed of three abstract figures each. Participants were then asked to evaluate the abstract stimuli D1, D2 and D3 according to a set of bipolar scales of antonymous adjectives. Correspondence was found between evaluations of the facial expressions by a control group and evaluations of the stimuli D by experimental participants. The use of meaningful stimuli and transference measures without forced-choice procedures allowed (1) an independent validation of the equivalence model, showing that arbitrary stimuli became symbols of facial expressions, acquiring similar meaning, and (2) to evaluate the degree in which the symbols acquired the meaning of the referents. Experiment 2 departed from the fact that an angry facial expression amid a number of expressions of happiness is selected faster than a happy face in an angry crowd to verify if detection of expressions of anger could be transferred to arbitrary stimuli by equivalence relations. The same relations of Experiment 1 were trained. Tests presented three abstract figures related to one facial expression and one figure related to another facial expression. Participants had to select the figure alone as fast as possible. Symbols related to the angry face were selected faster than symbols related to the happy face, indicating that such effect could be transferred through equivalence class formation.