Navegando por Autor "BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria"

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Cebus cf. apella exhibits rapid acquisition of complex stimulus relations and emergent performance by exclusion
(2010-12) BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; ASSUMPÇÃO, Ana Paula Bemerguy; CAMPOS, Rodolfo da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; MCILVANE, William J.
A "second generation" matching-to-sample procedure that minimizes past sources of artifacts involves (1) successive discrimination between sample stimuli, (2) stimulus displays ranging from four to 16 comparisons, (3) variable stimulus locations to avoid unwanted stimulus-location control, and (4) high accuracy levels (e.g., 90% correct on a 16-choice task in which chance accuracy is 6%). Examples of behavioral engineering with experienced capuchin monkeys included four-choice matching problems with video images of monkeys with substantially above-chance matching in a single session and 90% matching within six sessions. Exclusion performance was demonstrated by interspersing non-identical sample-comparison pairs within a baseline of a nine-comparison identity-matching-to-sample procedure with pictures as stimuli. The test for exclusion presented the newly "mapped" stimulus in a situation in which exclusion was not possible. Degradation of matching between physically non-identical forms occurred while baseline identity accuracy was sustained at high levels, thus confirming that Cebus cf. apella is capable of exclusion. Additionally, exclusion performance when baseline matching relations involved non-identical stimuli was shown.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Procedimentos de treino e teste de relações entre estímulos em Cebus apella
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-04) BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Complex learning encompasses the control by abstract relations after some relations have been directly trained. In these work, a sequence of experiments investigated stimulus relations learning in two capuchin-monkeys (Cebus apella) involving direct training of identity relations, successive tests of generalized identity, direct training of arbitrary relations, and test for symmetric relations as indication of equivalence class formation. Three theoretical foundations were followed: 1) Equivalence class formation is a basic stimulus function; 2) Stimulus control topography coherence theory; and 3) A version of the personalized system of instruction as an alternative to establish relational repertoires in non-verbal organisms. The subjects presented high levels of performance in identity and arbitrary conditional discriminations. The subjects given generalized identity tests demonstrated that abstract relation; the subject given arbitrary training presented negative results in the test for symmetric performances. Stimulus relations learning problems found here with nonhuman subjects seem to be similar to that presented by human individuals with retarded development. Teaching procedures for retarded individuals were sufficient to solve most repertoire deficiencies of non-humans, which are usually attributed to species limitations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restricted stimulus control in stimulus control shaping with a capuchin monkey
(2012-06) BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; MCILVANE, William J.
Teaching the first instances of arbitrary matching-to-sample to nonhumans can prove difficult and time consuming. Stimulus control relations may develop that differ from those intended by the experimentereven when stimulus control shaping procedures are used. We present, in this study, efforts to identify sources of shaping program failure with a capuchin monkey. Procedures began with a baseline of identity matching. During subsequent shaping trials, compound comparison stimuli had two componentsone identical to and another different from the sample. The identical component was eliminated gradually by removing portions across trials (i.e., subtracting stimulus elements). The monkey performed accurately throughout shaping. At a late stage in the program, probe tests were conducted: (1) arbitrary matching trials that had all elements of the identical comparison removed and (2) other trials that included residual elements. During the test, the monkey performed at low levels on the former trials and higher levels on the latter. These results suggested that higher accuracy was due merely to continued control by the residual elements: the target arbitrary matching relations had not been learned. Thus, it appears that procedures that gradually transform identity matching baselines into arbitrary matching can fail by inadvertently shaping restricted control by residual elements. Subsequent probes at the end of the shaping series showed a successful transfer of stimulus control from identity to arbitrary matching after further programming steps apparently overcame the restricted stimulus control.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Topografia de controle de estímulos coerente em testes repetidos de pareamento ao modelo por identidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-02-01) BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
In the context of matching-to-sample procedures with human subjects, after teaching some conditional relations, emergent performances, that are reflexive, symmetric, and transitive to directly taught relations, are often verified, fact that is not easily observed with nonhumans. These negative outcomes may be attributed to testing in extinction and consequent performance disruption. The objective of this study was to create testing conditions in extinction in order to overcome these problems. The subject was a capuchin monkey, which, as a result of his experimental history, could perform identity matchingto- sample (IDMTS) tests with reinforcement successfully. A zero delay IDMTS was used. Repeated tests of IDMTS and generalized IDMTS were arranged in a way that the test trials were interspersed with baseline ones. Tests with reinforcement were alternated with tests in extinction. These conditions were sufficient to maintain performance well above chance for the great most tests (20 out of 21). Capuchin monkey showed capacity to perform, succesfully, IDMTS with new stimuli with or without reinforcement.