Navegando por Autor "CALLAPINO, German Garabito"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
2-D ZO CRS stack by considering an acquisition line with smooth topography
(2005-03) OLIVA, Pedro Andrés Chira; CRUZ, João Carlos Ribeiro; CALLAPINO, German Garabito; HUBRAL, Peter; TYGEL, Martin
The land seismic data suffers from effects due to the near surface irregularities and the existence of topography. For obtaining a high resolution seismic image, these effects should be corrected by using seismic processing techniques, e.g. field and residual static corrections. The Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) stack method is a new processing technique to simulate zero-offset (ZO) seismic sections from multi-coverage seismic data. It is based on a second-order hyperbolic paraxial traveltime approximation referred to a central normal ray. By considering a planar measurement surface, the CRS stacking operator is defined by means of three parameters, namely the emergence angle of the normal ray, the curvature of the normal incidence point (NIP) wave, and the curvature of the normal (N) wave. In this paper the 2-D ZO CRS stack method is modified in order to consider effects due to the smooth topography. By means of this new CRS formalism, we obtain a high resolution ZO seismic section, without applying static corrections. As by-products the 2-D ZO CRS stack method we estimate at each point of the ZO seismic section the three relevant parameters associated to the CRS stack process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empilhamento sísmico pela composição de ondas planas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-04-18) CALLAPINO, German Garabito; SÖLLNER, Walter Franz
In this thesis we present a new seismic data stacking method called Plane Wave Composition (PWC). This method, applicable in a bidimensional medium with lateral velocity gradients, is developed on the basis of physical and mathematical concepts on the plane wave decomposition of spherical wave fields. In the initial part of this work, we present a review on the conventional stacking method and on plane wave decomposition of the point-source seismograms. The stacking by plane wave composition is a method which produce a normal incidence (or zero offset) section by the application of the following main processes: A double plane wave decomposition, achieved by a slant stack along the shot array and another slant stack along the receiver array, followed by a plane wave composition achieved by an inverse slant stack. The PWC stacking method is theoretically formulated here on the basis of the scattering theory applied to seismic waves, within the constraint of the Born approximation. Initially, starting with the acoustic wave equation, for a finite source-receiver configuration, a solution for the direct single scatter (Born) model is derived. That result is reduced for the coincident source-receiver (zero offset) configuration. Afterward, the mathematical expression of PWC stacking method is solved replacing the observed data function by the scattered field obtained by the Born approximation. For most clarity, the algorithm to obtain the zero offset seismic section by the PWC stacking method is described by applying it to the data corresponding to a simple model. A successful application is performed using the Marmousi seismic data set, corresponding to a geological complex model. Finally, in the same data set, a noise analysis shows that this method increase the signal-noise ratio in the seismic trace. Thus, it has been showed that the PWC stacking method is an efficient alternative to process seismic data of complex models.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Migração (2,5-D) com amplitudes verdadeiras em meios com gradiente constante de velocidade
(2002-04) CASTILLO, Luis Antonio Lopes; CRUZ, João Carlos Ribeiro; CALLAPINO, German Garabito; URBAN, Jaime Antonio
The true-amplitude seismic migration, in time or depth, provides a measurement of the reflection coefficients of primary reflection events. These are constituted by P-P reflection of longitudinal waves at smooth reflectors. One of the mostly used method is the Kirchhoff migration, by which the seismic image is obtained by stacking the seismic wavefield using a diffraction surface, also called Huygens Surface. In order to obtain true amplitude migration, i.e. the removal of geometrical spreading, it is introduced a weight function in the migration operator. The weight function is determined by the asymptotic solution of the migration integral at stationary points. The ray tracing is a fundamental tool for determining the weight function and the traveltime, that increases the computational costs of the migration process in heterogeneous media. In this work it is presented a true-amplitude migration algorithm tailored for two-and-one-half dimensional model, i.e. when the velocity field varies only with two coordinates of the three dimensional Cartesian system. It is emphasized the special case of constant gradient velocity. As a second topic, this work concerns about recovering seismic attributes from pre-stack seismic data by applying the double diffraction stack inversion. The estimated parameter is the incidence angle at the reflector. Combining the estimated reflection coefficient and the incidence angle, it is possible to perform the so-called Amplitude versus Angle Analysis (AVA) on the interested reflector.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A quick review of 2D topographic traveltimes
(2005-03) CALLAPINO, German Garabito; OLIVA, Pedro Andrés Chira; TYGEL, Martin; SANTOS, Lúcio Tunes
The Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) stacking method was originally introduced as a data-driven method to simulate zero-offset sections from 2-D reflection pre-stack data acquired along a straight line. This approach is based on a second-order hiperbolic traveltime approximation parameterized with three kinematic wavefield attributes. In land data, topographic effects play an important role in seismic data processing and imaging. Thus, this feature has been recently considered by the CRS method. In this work we review the CRS traveltime approximations that consider the smooth and rugged topography. In addition, we also review the Multifocusing traveltime for a rugged topography. By means of a simple synthetic example, we finally provide first comparisons between the various traveltime expressions.