Navegando por Autor "CARDOSO, Raisa Nicole Campos"

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Viabilidade econômica de sistemas de captação de água da chuva para fins não potáveis em dois prédios da Universidade Federal do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-08) CARDOSO, Raisa Nicole Campos; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
With increasing global demand, it is important for government entities to seek water supply alternatives for sustainable use in order to minimize the consumption of potable water for uses that do not have to be potable in public buildings, and thus comply with environmental sustainability criteria required by Normative Instruction No. 01/2010 of the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (MPOG). Therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the economical feasibility of incorporating a system of rainwater harvesting in two higher education buildings of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), one supplied by the Water Treatment Station (WTS) of the university and another by the local municipal water utility. For the sizing of the reservoir, the computational method Neptune 4.0 was used to obtain an ideal volume that meets the demand efficiently and is economically viable. This method is based on behavioral models, and the input data needed for the algorithm are: historical daily precipitation; the initial discharge volume of first rains; catchment area; the number of inhabitants in the building; the daily demand for water per capita; the percentage of drinking water to be replaced by rainwater; the coefficient of surface efflux; necessary information for the dimensioning of the volume of the upper and lower reservoirs. The simulation determines a relationship between drinking water saving potential and reservoir volume, according to the volume range inserted in the input data of the simulation, the percentage of service demand, rainwater consumption, and the extravasated volume. In addition to modeling the sizing, the Neptune Algorithm enables an economic analysis considering the indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Discounted Payback. To determine the demand, information was obtained on the consumption habits of the occupants of the LAESA and EMUFPA buildings, types of sanitary appliances, among other information. The result for LAESA indicated that 76% of the water consumption is destined for non-potable purposes, such as washing of the building, sanitary discharge and urinals, with 73% destined only for sanitary devices. In the EMUFPA, non-potable consumption represents 69%, with 52% destined to toilet uses and urinals. The Neptune software presented an optimum tank volume of 10.000 L for LAESA and 8.000 L for EMUFPA, with a mean drinking water saving potential of 100% and 87,34%, respectively. At EMUFPA, the system was viable, with a 10-year return on invested capital, with an internal rate of return of 1.08% per month. In LAESA, considering the supply of ETA, there was no financial return within the horizon analyzed. In the hypothetical simulation, assuming that LAESA was supplied by COSANPA, the return on invested capital would be 6 years and 4. The internal rate of return would be 1.80% per month. From the qualitative analysis, it is concluded that using rainwater in public buildings that do not subsidize water from utilities, there is a financial return, since the water supplied to the public sector is expensive. This demonstrates the importance of public buildings to comply with sustainability criteria in order to save on public expenditures, since the wasting of water in public buildings is very high, mainly due to users not paying directly for the use of Water. In addition, it is important that public and private entities incorporate within their management the concept of water security, which establishes seeking for guarantees for water availability for various uses and to take advantage of rainwater as a sustainable way to reduce the pressure for water us away from water sources, such as aquifers.