Navegando por Autor "DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agro não é tudo: a expansão da monocultura da soja sobre os territórios quilombolas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The Amazon biome has undergone intense transformations in the last two decades, primarily due to the advancement of agriculture. In this regard, the current Federal Constitution recognizes quilombola communities as cultural groups with the right to the demarcation of their lands. However, in the Amazon, this right has been threatened by the expansion of agribusiness. Therefore, the research question of this thesis is how the dynamics of land use and land cover affect the territories belonging to traditional populations and conservation units. Additionally, the influences of the Brazilian Forest Code (CFB), Soy Moratorium, and Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) on the expansion of soybean cultivation in the region were investigated. This study focused on the municipalities of Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém-PA, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In addition to the municipalities, the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) and the quilombos (traditional Afro-Brazilian communities) present in the municipality of Santarém were also analyzed, including Murumurutuba, Bom Jardim, Maria Valentina, Arapemã, Tiningu, and Murumuru. Mapbiomas data from the period 2000 to 2019 were used for the analysis of the region's images. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methodologies were employed to describe the interaction among the actors involved in the expansion of soybean production in the Santarém Plateau region. Fuzzy Logic was used to describe the data derived from questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources. The analyses conducted revealed significant deforestation in the municipalities of Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra due to the expansion of soybean production and pasture, which has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the Forest Code and the soy moratorium, allowing producers to advance with soybean production in the Amazon. Furthermore, it was observed that the expansion of soybean cultivation is driven by a series of public and private investments in infrastructure, particularly in road and highway construction, port development, and subsidies to large-scale farmers. In the Santarém Plateau region, it was observed that quilombola communities face difficulties related to access to public health services, infrastructure, and lack of state support. The study identified an expansion of soybean cultivation within and near quilombola communities starting in 2014, which raises concerns among these peoples regarding the preservation of their territories, way of life, and the increasing damage to local natural resources. It was also identified that forest and soybean variables are necessary conditions to explain changes in land use and land cover concerning traditional populations. Therefore, only when analyzed together are they sufficient to explain the phenomenon, meaning that improvements in forest and soybean conditions are necessary to prevent damages resulting from changes in land use and land cover on the quilombola populations in the Santarém region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra e o comportamento hidrológico da bacia do rio Capim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The implications of changes in land use and land cover affect the hydrological behavior of river basins; In this context, the catchment area of the Capim River located in the northeast of the State of Pará is inserted. The objective of this study was to relate the flow behavior with changes in land use and land cover for the years 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2014. For this, land use and land cover data from the TerraClass project was used to identify the proportion of the classes in the basin and in the APPs; for the evaluation of the hydrological behavior the average monthly flow and the quarters of higher and lower flow were analyzed, besides the spatialization and the behavior of the precipitation in the period from 1983 to 2014. The results indicate a reduction in the forest class for the Capim river basin , and an increase in the pasture and agriculture classes, but in the APPs an increase of the forest class was identified in the period from 2004 to 2014. There was a high correlation, both for the uses and coverages of the whole basin and for only the APPs of the resources between the forest and pasture classes with the flows of the Capim river. The analysis of the basin landscape showed an increase in forest fragmentation, and the metrics with the highest correlation with the flow behavior were total forest edge (TE) metrics, pasture aggregation index (AI) and intercalation index, and juxtaposition (IJI) and AI of agriculture; indicating that the fragmentation of the forest cover of the basin and expansion of the areas destined to pasture has been reflected in the behavior of the flow.