Navegando por Autor "ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comparison of molecular markers to detect Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum
(2014-07) LIDANI, Kárita Cláudia Freitas; REASON, Iara José de Messias; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui
The aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis captured in Barcarena, state of Pará, Brazil, through the use of three primer sets. With this approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. DNA of 280 Lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the whole insects. PCR primers for kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA), the mini-exon gene and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene of Leishmania were used, generating fragments of 400 bp, 780 bp and 603 bp, respectively. Infection by the parasite was found with the kDNA primer in 8.6% of the cases, with the mini-exon gene primer in 7.1% of the cases and with the SSU-rRNA gene primer in 5.3% of the cases. These data show the importance of polymerase chain reaction as a tool for investigating the molecular epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis by estimating the risk of disease transmission in endemic areas, with the kDNA primer representing the most reliable marker for the parasite.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção do DNA de Mycobacterium leprae em secreção nasal
(2008-11) PONTES, Ana Rosa Botelho; ALMEIDA, Maria das Graças Carvalho; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; QUARESMA, Juarez Antônio Simões; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui
Studies have demonstrated high sensibility of the polimerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in the identification of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA . This study aimed to evalue the PCR sensibility at the detection of the M. leprae DNA in nasal swab of leprosy patients and to compare the results with the bacilloscopy and multibacillary (MBs) and paucibacilares (PBs) forms. Nasal secretion samples of 24 leprosy patients were collected, and were preserved in one and two lise's solution. The PCR results were highly significant (p <0.0000) and they revealed grater sensibility than bacilloscopy, in several clinical forms. Nevertheless, still different studies are necessary, testing new markers and preservatives, with the purpose of lifting up the sensibility of this technique, in nasal secretion samples.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribution of phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) across an urban-rural gradient in an area of endemic visceral leishmaniasis in northern Brazil
(2011-12) OLIVEIRA, Davi Marcos Souza de; HABIB, Elvira Maria Saraiva Chequer Bou; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; SOUSA, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; SILVA, Ivoneide Maria da
The number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases has increased over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of VL vectors in Barcarena, Pará, an area in northern Brazil where VL is endemic. Sandflies were captured using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps along an urban-rural gradient. The CDC traps were installed inside hen houses at a height of 150 cm. A total of 5,089 sandflies were collected and 11 species were identified. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (rate of 95.15%), which suggests its participation in the transmission of VL. A total of 1,451 Lu. longipalpis females were dissected and no Leishmania infections were detected. Most of the sandflies were captured at the border of a forest (88.25%) and no flies were captured in the urban area, which suggests that transmission is still restricted to rural sites. However, the fact that a specimen was collected in an intermediate area indicates that urbanisation is a real possibility and that vector monitoring is important.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evaluation of agreement between tests for the diagnosis of leprosy
(Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica, 2017-04) SILVA, Alison Rodrigues da; QUEIROZ, Marcos Fabiano de Almeida; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; SILVESTRE, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Amador; XAVIER, Marilia Brasil
Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the intracellular parasite Mycobacterium leprae. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, based on symptoms, skin exam, peripheral nerves and epidemiological history. Laboratory tests are carried out to complement the result of clinical diagnosis, or even serving as a confirmatory method. Objective: To investigate the positivity and agreement between skin smear, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with synthetic antigen ND-O-BSA, ML Flow test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Mycobacterium leprae in new cases of leprosy. Methods: We conducted a case series study assessing a convenience sample of 39 new cases of leprosy and a control group of 18 household contacts in Belém (PA) and in Igarapé-Açu (PA) from March 2014 to September 2015. Results: The agreement between ELISA, ML Flow and PCR tests combinations showed slight to absent reproducibility (Kappa ≤ 0.24). The results showed greater sensitivity in PCR assay, with higher positivity in multibacillary cases. The ELISA test showed low positivity, even in multibacillary cases, resulting in no reaction to paucibacillary cases and household contacts. Conclusion: The high sensitivity of PCR decreases the agreement with other tests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genes that encodes NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are not virulence factors for kala-azar caused by Leishmania infantum
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10) AGUIAR, Bruno Guedes Alcoforado; COELHO, Daniela Lemos; COSTA, Dorcas Lamounier; DRUMOND, Betânia Paiva; COELHO, Luiz Felipe Leomil; FIGUEIREDO, Lívio Carvalho; ZACARIAS, Danielle Alves; SILVA, Jailthon Carlos da; ALONSO, Diego Peres; RIBOLLA, Paulo Eduardo Martins; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; GAÍDO, Samara Belchior; COSTA, Carlos Henrique Nery
Introduction: Kala-azar is a disease resulting from infection by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Most patients with the disease exhibit prolonged fever, wasting, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly without complications. However, some patients develop severe disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, bacterial infections, jaundice, and edema dyspnea, among other symptoms, followed by death. Among the parasite molecules that might influence the disease severity are the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-like proteins (MIF1 and MIF2) and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (NAGT), which act in the first step of protein N-glycosylation. This study aimed to determine whether MIF1, MIF2 and NAGT are virulence factors for severe kala-azar. Methods: To determine the parasite genotype in kala-azar patients from Northeastern Brazil, we sequenced the NAGT genes of L. infantum from 68 patients as well as the MIF1 and MIF2 genes from 76 different subjects with diverse clinical manifestations. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the fragments were sequenced, followed by polymorphism identification. Results: The nucleotide sequencing of the 144 amplicons revealed the absence of genetic variability of the NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 genes between the isolates. The conservation of these genes suggests that the clinical variability of kala-azar does not depend upon these genes. Additionally, this conservation suggests that these genes may be critical for parasite survival. Conclusions: NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 do not alter the severity of kala-azar. NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are highly conserved among different isolates of identical species and exhibit potential for use in phylogenetic inferences or molecular diagnosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hematological changes in human lymphotropic-T virus type 1 carriers
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) RIBEIRO, Jairo Falcão; NOBRE, Akim Felipe Santos; COVRE, Louise Canto Ferreira; VIANA, Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida; SILVA, Ingrid Christiane; SANTOS, Leonardo Miranda dos; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; COSTA, Carlos Araújo da; SOUSA, Maísa Silva de
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), isolated in 1980, causes T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in adulthood, a type of lymphoproliferative disease, and chronic HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, a disease that causes paralysis of the lower limbs, which occur in about 5% of cases in this viral infection. This study aimed to establish the hematological profile of patients with HTLV-1 infection in Belém do Pará, describing the hematological parameters under study, estimating the frequency of lymphocytic atypical, and associating the hematological profile with diseases and symptoms. Hematologic data from 202 individuals were analyzed, including 87 HTLV-1 infected individuals and 115 non-HTLV-1 infected individuals as a control group, composed, at a great part, of relatives of the infected. The seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection was observed in 71.3% of female individuals, with predominance in the group older than 50 years (44.8%). The analysis of hematological parameters showed a significant difference in the counts of the segmented cells (p = 0.0303) and eosinophils (p = 0.0092) in HTLV-1 carriers. Lymphocytic atypical was a finding present only in HTLV-1 carriers (p = 0.0001). There was no high frequency in the leukocyte counts of those infected by HTLV-1 not among them concerning a significant increase or decrease. It is concluded that HTLV-1 infection is prominent in women over 50 years old. The hematological profile of those infected shows a reduction of segmented cells, an increase of eosinophils, and the presence of atypical lymphocytes. The hematological profile of the HTLV-1 carrier should always be evaluated to identify early some diseases associated with the infection.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer screening among riverside women of the brazilian Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07) DUARTE, Daniel Valim; VIEIRA, Rodrigo Covre; BRITO, Elza Baía de; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; MONTEIRO, Jeniffer do Socorro Valente; VALENTE, Mário Diego Rocha; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; FUZII, Hellen Thais; SOUSA, Maísa Silva de
Purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the overall and type-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among females living in riverside communities in the state of Pará, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. These communities are inhabited by low-income people, and are accessible only by small boats. Cervical cytology and risk factors for HPV infection were also assessed. Methods: cervical samples from 353 women of selected communities were collected both for Papanicolau (Pap) test and HPV detection. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR were used to assess the overall and type-specific prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18, the main oncogenic types worldwide. Epidemiological questionnaires were used for the assessment of the risk factors for HPV infection. Results: the mean age of the participants was 37 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 13.7). Most were married or with a fixed sexual partner (79%), and had a low educational level (80%) and family monthly income (< U$ 250; 53%). Overall, HPV prevalence was 16.4% (n = 58), with 8 cases of HPV-16 (2.3%) and 5 of HPV-18 (1.4%). Almost 70% of the women surveyed had never undergone the Pap test. Abnormal cytology results were found in 27.5% (n = 97) of the samples, with higher rates of HPV infection according to the severity of the lesions (p = 0.026). Conclusions: the infections by HPV-16 and HPV-18 were not predominant in our study, despite the high prevalence of overall HPV infection. Nevertheless, the oncogenic potential of these types and the low coverage of the Pap test among women from riverside communities demonstrate a potential risk for the development of cervical lesions and their progression to cervical cancer, since the access to these communities is difficult and, in most cases, these women do not have access to primary care and public health services.