Navegando por Autor "LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa"

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Biossegurança no laboratório
(1989-04) ISHAK, Ricardo; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; ISHAK, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães
The occurrence of laboratory-acquired infections have elicited in the last ten years an intense interest in methods and procedures for the safe handling of microbiological material. The major laboratory safety problem is aerial transmission, however, protection against airborne hazards is efficiently achieved by the use of microbiological safety cabinets. Biosafety rules should be strictly followed by all members of a laboratory. Evaluation of these procedures should be effectively performed by an independent biosafety committee. The/ upsurge of AIDS should stimulate the adoption of safe working procedures in the laboratory.
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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II infections in a cohort of patients with neurological disorders in Belém, Pará, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-02) MACÊDO, Olinda; LIMA, Telma Vitorina Ribeiro; GOMES, Maria de Lourdes Contente; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; LINHARES, Adriana de O.; MOURA, Antônio de
Serum- and/or- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 190 patients suffering from chronic, progressive neurological disease were screened for the presence of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) antibodies over a six-year period (1996 to 2001) in Belém, Pará, Brazil. Patients were of both sexes (male subjects, 52%) with ages ranging from 2 to 79 years (mean, 35.9). Overall, 15 (7.9%) subjects - of whom 12 (80%) were female adults - reacted HTLV-I/II-seropositive when screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples from 14 of these patients were also analyzed using a recombinant Western blot (WB) assay that yielded HTLV-I-, HTLV-II-, and HTLV-I/II- reactivities for 10 (71.4%), 3 (21.4%) and 1 (7.2%) of them, respectively. The yearly rates of HTLV-I/II antibodies ranged from 2.6% (2001) to 21.7% (2000), with progressively increasing seropositivities from 1998 to 2000. Altogether, walking difficulty (n = 5 subjects), spasticity (n = 4) and leg weakness (n = 3) accounted for 80% of symptoms recorded among the 15 patients whose sera had antibodies to HTLV-I/II as detected by ELISA. These findings provide evidence that both HTLV-I and HTLV-II play a role in the development of chronic myelopathy in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil.
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Oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (RotarixTM) offers sustained high protection against severe G9P[8] rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first two years of life in Brazilian children
(2012-11) JUSTINO, Maria Cleonice Aguiar; ARAÚJO, Eliete da Cunha; VAN DOORN, Leen-Jan; OLIVEIRA, Consuelo Silva de; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; MASCARENHAS, Joana D'Arc Pereira; MIRANDA, Yllen Stefania Affonso; GUERRA, Sylvia de Fátima dos Santos; SILVA, Veronilce Borges da; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa
In a large Phase III trial conducted in 10 Latin American countries, the safety and efficacy of the live attenuated monovalent rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 was evaluated in 15,183 healthy infants followed up during the first two years of life. Belém was the only site in Brazil included in this multicentre trial. The study in Belém included a subset of 653 infants who were followed up until 24 months of age for protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. These subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of vaccine (n = 328) or two doses of placebo (n = 325) at approximately two and four months of age. Of the 653 enrolled infants, 23 dropped out during the study period. For the combined two-year period, the efficacy of RIX4414 was 72.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 37.5-89.1%] against severe rotavirus-related gastroenteritis, reaching a protection rate of 81.8% (95% CI 36.4-96.6%) against circulating wild-type G9 rotavirus strains. It is concluded that two doses of RIX4414 are highly efficacious against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in Belém during the first two years of life and provide high protection against the worldwide emergence and spread of G9P[8] strains.
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Papilomavírus humano associado a lesões de cérvice uterina
(1999-06) CAVALCANTE, Vânia Lúcia Noronha; MELLO, Wyller Alencar de; VILLA, Luísa Lina; BRITO, Arival Cardoso de; MACEDO, Roberto Cavalleiro de; BISI, Fátima; SASSAMOTO, Kyio; MONTEIRO, Talita Antonia Furtado; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa
It was studied the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) among 228 women with lesions of uterine cervix attending the Ofir Loiola Institute, in Belem, Para, from March 1992 to May 1996. Histopathological examination was performed with all cervical biopsy samples obtained from these patients. In addition, specimens were analysed by both polimerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization to detect HPV DNA. The patients were assigned to three groups, according to the diagnosis made by histopathology, as follows: A, including 155 women suffering from invasive epidermoid carcinoma or adenocarcinoma; B, 54 patients having either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II or III; and C, involving 19 women with chronic cervicitis. The prevalence rates of HPV in groups A, B and C were 70.3%, 63% and 36.8% respectively. HPV 16 accounted for 60.4% and 54.5% of types identified in groups A and B, respectively. Altogether HPV types 16, 18 and 33 were detected in 71.4% of positive patients belonging to group C.
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Prevalence of HTLV-I antibody among two distinct ethnic groups inhabiting the Amazon region of Brazil
(1992-08) NAKAUCHI, C. M.; MARUYAMA, Koshi; KANZAKI, Luis Isamu Barros; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; AZEVEDO, Vânia Nakauth; FUKUSHIMA, T.; MIYAUCHI, M.; KOSHIKAWA, N.; TAMAYAMA, C.; MOCHIZUKI, S.; KAWAMURA, K.
HTLV-I seroprevalences of 3.63% (02/55), 12.19% (10/82) and 13.88% (10/72) were demonstrated among Tiryio, Mekranoiti and Xicrin Amazonian Indians, respectively, by the Western blotting enzyme assay (WBEI). By indirect immuno electron microscopy (IIEM), 2 Tiriyo, 9 Mekranoiti and 6 Xicrin Amerindians were reactive. Of 44 serum samples from Japanese immigrants, none reacted by any of the techniques before mentioned. One, 8 and 6 serum samples from Tiryio, Mekranoiti and Xicrin Indians, respectively, were both WBEI and IIEM positive. Our results strongly suggest that HTLV-I and/or an HTLV-I antigenic variant circulate (s) among populations living in the Amazon region of Brazil.
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Prevalence of human T cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) antibody among populations living in the Amazon region of Brazil (preliminary report)
(1990-03) NAKAUCHI, C. M.; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; MARUYAMA, Koshi; KANZAKI, Luis Isamu Barros; MACEDO, J. E.; AZEVEDO, Vânia Nakauth; CASSEB, Jorge Simão do Rosário
Prevalence of human T cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) antibody among populations living in the Amazon region of Brazil (preliminary report)NakauchiC. M.LinharesA. C.MaruyamaK.KanzakiL. I.MacedoJ. E.AzevedoV. N.CassebJ. S. R. Fundação Serviços de Saúde Pública, Seção de Vírus, Instituto Evandro Chagas Belém Brasil Chiba Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology Chiba Japan Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Brasil Instituto Offir Loyola Belém Brasil Faculdade Estadual de Medicina Belém Brasil 0319908512933Forty-tree (31.4%) out of 137 serum samples obtained from two Indian communities living in the Amazon region were found to be positive for HTLV-I antibody, as tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). Eighty-two sera were collected from Mekranoiti Indians, yielding 39% of positivity, whereas 11 (20.0%) or the 55 Tiriyo serum samples had antibody to HTLV-I. In addition, positive results occurred in 10 (23.2%) out of 43 sera obtained from patients living in the Belem area, who were suffering from cancer affecting different organs. Five (16.7%) out of 30 Elisa positive specimens were also shown to be positive by either Western blot analysis (WB) or indirect immunogold electron microscopy (IIG-EM).
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Segurança, imunogenicidade e eficácia protetora de duas doses da vacina RIX4414 contendo rotavírus atenuado de origem humana
(2007-06) ARAÚJO, Eliete da Cunha; CLEMENS, Sue Ann C.; OLIVEIRA, Consuelo Silva de; JUSTINO, Maria Cleonice Aguiar; RUBIO, Pilar; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; SILVA, Veronilce Borges da; MASCARENHAS, Joana D'Arc Pereira; CAVALCANTE, Vânia Lúcia Noronha; CLEMENS, Ralf; GUSMÃO, Rosa Helena Porto; SANCHEZ, Nervo; MONTEIRO, Talita Antonia Furtado; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa
Objective: To determine the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of two doses of rotavirus vaccine in healthy Brazilian infants. Methods: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela. Infants received two oral doses of vaccine or placebo at 2 and 4 months of age, concurrently with routine immunizations, except for oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV). This paper reports results from Belém, Brazil, where the number of subjects per group and the viral vaccine titers were: 194 (104.7 focus forming units – FFU), 196 (105.2 FFU), 194 (105.8 FFU) and 194 (placebo). Anti-rotavirus (anti-RV) antibody response was assessed in 307 subjects. Clinical severity of gastroenteritis episodes was measured using a 20-point scoring system with a score of ≥ 11 defined as severe GE. Results: The rates of solicited general symptoms were similar in vaccine and placebo recipients. At 2 months after the second dose, a serum IgA response to RV occurred in 54.7 to 74.4% of vaccinees. No interference was seen in the immunogenicity of routine vaccines. Vaccine efficacy against any rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) was 63.5% (95%CI 20.8-84.4) for the highest concentration (105.8 FFU). Efficacy was 81.5% (95%CI 44.5-95.4) against severe RVGE. At its highest concentration (105.8 FFU), RIX4414 provided 79.8% (95%CI 26.4-96.3) protection against severe RVGE by G9 strain. Conclusions: RIX4414 was highly immunogenic with a low reactogenicity profile and did not interfere with seroresponse to diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Hib antigens. Two doses of RIX4414 provided significant protection against severe GE caused by RV.
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Soroepidemiologia de rotavírus em uma população infantil, Goinia, Goiás, Brasil
(1984-10) ISHAK, Ricardo; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; ISHAK, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães; CARDOSO, Divina das Dôres de Paula
A sample of 125 sera from children aged 0-10 years old from Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, yielded an 82.4% prevalence rate of antibodies to rotavirus (through an enzyme immunoassay). In this study, the 1-3 year old group shows the highest risk of infection with rotavirus. No sex difference was evident. Regional seroepidemiological data is of the utmost importance in order to identify the behaviour of the virus in the population at risk, specially with the advent of a vaccine for the agent. The enzyme imu- noassay test was compared to counterimmuno-electro-osmophoresis and was shown to be more sensitive for the detection of antibodies.
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Vacinas contra rotavírus e papilomavírus humano (HPV)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07) LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; VILLA, Luisa Lina
Objective: To briefly review strategies aimed at the development of rotavirus and HPV vaccines, with emphasis on the current status of studies assessing the safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of recently developed vaccines. Sources of data: This review focuses on articles published from 1996 to 2006, mainly those from the last five years, with special emphasis on data obtained from recently completed studies involving a new live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine and a virus-like particle (HPV) vaccine. Summary of the findings: Strategies for developing rotavirus vaccines ranged from Jennerian approaches to the new human-derived rotavirus vaccine. Currently, two rotavirus vaccines are recognized as both efficacious and safe: a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant vaccine and a vaccine derived from an attenuated rotavirus of human origin. The second of these has been evaluated in more than 70,000 infants all over the world. Prophylactic vaccines against HPV have been tested in more than 25,000 young individuals around the world. Results from phase II and III clinical studies indicate that such vaccines against the most common types of HPV, those linked to both genital warts and 70% of cervical cancers, are safe and highly efficacious. Conclusions: A future rotavirus immunization program covering 60 to 80% of infants worldwide is likely to reduce by at least 50% the number of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and deaths. It is also reasonable to expect that implementation of HPV prophylactic vaccines will reduce the burden of the HPV-related diseases that presently impact millions of people around the world.