Navegando por Autor "MAKINO, Midori"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Observações e estimativas de propriedades térmicas do solo sob floresta e pastagem no leste da Amazônia
(2013-09) CARVALHO, Saulo Prado; SOUZA, José Ricardo Santos de; MAKINO, Midori
Temperature and heat flux variations in soils, at sites of the Caxiuanã native forest and a natural pasture in Marajó Island, were continuously monitored in the period between December, 2001 and February, 2005. The objective was to compare the thermal responses to the daily heating, of the soils of these two types of ecosystems present in eastern Amazonia, in order to subsidize regional climate models and the evaluation of deforestation effects. Besides the field measurements of the above mentioned variables, at three levels down to 0.50 m depth, this work presents estimates of the heat flux and soil properties such as: thermal diffusivity and conductivity, damping depth and propagation speed of the daily heating pulse, determined by analytical methods. The results showed the seasonal contrast and other significant differences between the responses of the two studied sites, especially regarding the role of the water contents on the vertical temperature profiles of each soil type. The observed fitting between the measurements and the computed values of the variables, indicates the possibility of generalization of the results to other similar ecosystems sites in Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Precipitação sazonal sobre a Amazônia oriental no período chuvoso: observações e simulações regionais com o RegCM3
(2009-06) SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; LOPES, Marcio Nirlando Gomes; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; SOUZA, José Ricardo Santos de; CUNHA, Alan Cavalcanti da; SILVA, Renato Ramos da; FERREIRA, Douglas Batista da Silva; SANTOS, Daniel Meninéa; CARMO, Alexandre Melo Casseb do; SOUSA, José Raimundo Abreu de; GUIMARÃES, Paulo Lima; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; MAKINO, Midori; SENNA, Renato Cruz; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; MOTA, Galdino Viana; KUHN, Paulo Afonso Fischer; SOUZA, Paulo Fernando de Souza; VITORINO, Maria Isabel
This paper presents a contribution on the climate modelling studies with emphasis on seasonal rainfall variability in eastern Amazonia, during the austral summer and autumn seasons (DJF and MAM). Based on RegCM3 regional climate simulations for a 26 years period (1982/83 to 2007/08) using high resolution domain scale (30 km) and two different convection schemes (Grell and MIT), it was investigated the model performance to simulate the regional pluviometric distribution in eastern Amazon, with reference to a new observational data base containing regional aspects extracted from a dense rain gauge station network. The quantitative analysis showed that RegCM3 presents systematic errors, especially those related to the dry bias in the Amapá and north/northeast of Pará using both schemes Grell and MIT, which indicate that the model does not reproduce ITCZ characteristics over equatorial Atlantic. The simulations using MIT also indicated wet bias in the southwest/south/southeast of Pará and north of Tocantins. Moreover, through composites technique, it was also investigated RegCM3 response to reproduce the anomalous spatial rainfall patterns in association with ENSO episodes and interhemispheric SSTa gradient phases across the intertropical Atlantic. The results showed that the model represented realistically well the spatial pattern related to the rainfall anomalies above (below) than normal in most of eastern Amazonia, during the known favourable scenarios, i.e., La Niña and south Atlantic SSTa gradient (unfavourable, i.e., El Niño and north Atlantic SSTa gradient).