Navegando por Autor "MARQUES, Gisele Tavares"

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Opalas gemológicas do Piauí: gênese revelada por microtermometria e minerais associados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-25) MARQUES, Gisele Tavares; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
Opals from Pedro II and Buriti dos Montes, in the Piauí State, are the most important occurrences of this gemstone in Brazil, both in terms of volume and -gemological quality that is comparable to the famous Australian opals. However, informality in the extraction and marketing of these opals, as well as the lack of information about the genesis of these deposits do not permit prospecting for new deposits, and the establishment of a certificate of origin for Piauí opals, would allow their formal participation in the international gemological market. Some authors have been studied these opals, revealing strong evidences of their hydrothermal origin, but until now, no work discussed the physico-chemical characteristics of the fluids that would have originated these opals deposits. Thus, the main objective of this work was to understand the hydrothermal system responsible for the genesis of opals from Piauí, i.e., to characterize the fluids that originated the mineralization and show its relationship with the geological context of this region. Pedro II and Buriti dos Montes counties are located in the northeastern portion of the Piauí State, at approximately 230 km east of the capital Teresina. The opal occurrences are on the basis of the Parnaíba Basin, constituting veins and veinlets in the sandstones of the Serra Grande (Buriti dos Montes) and Canindé (Pedro II) groups, which are cut by diabase sills and dikes of the Sardinha Formation. They also occur in cementing breccias and as colluvial and paleochannel deposits. Associated to opals, locally there are veins of quartz, chalcedony, barite and hematite (or goethite). In general, opals from Pedro II present play-of-color, are mostly white or bluish with a milky appearance, semitranslucent to opaque, and have solid inclusions little bit apparent. In contrast, orange opals from Buriti dos Montes do not show play-of-color, their color ranges from light yellow to brownish red, they are semitransparent to translucent, and contain a large variety of solid inclusions. The obtained data reveal that the opals from Pedro II are typically of amorphous type (opal-A), while the opals from Buriti dos Montes range between amorphous and cristobalite-tridymite (opal-CT). In the precious opals, the typical play-of-color is caused by the regular arrangement of the silica spheres that constitute them. The absence of opaline cement among the spheres reinforces the beauty of this effect. On the other hand, the orange opals do not show play-of-color, but they have greater transparency due to the small size of the spheres. The solid inclusions also produce beautiful effects in the studied opals, mainly in the orange variety that is more transparent. Besides this, the solid inclusions set reveals intrinsic characteristics to hydrothermal processes that originated the studied opals. Botryoidal, dendritic and nodular aggregates are examples of inclusions formed by fragments of the host sandstones, which were carried by the hydrothermal fluids that generated the opals. In the opals from Buriti dos Montes, the red, orange and yellow hues are produced by the partial dissolution of the Fe oxy-hydroxides inclusions. Similarly, the green color in the precious opals is related to Co-pentlandite microcrystals included in them. The set of minerals associated to opals leads to a mineralogical-geochemical signature marked by high contents of Fe and Al in opals with hematite/goethite and kaolinite inclusions, such as the considerable increase in the rare earth elements contents, in the opals that have kaolinite and apatite inclusions. Among the trace elements, Ba is the most abundant, and it probably was incorporated to hydrothermal fluid, considering that veins of barite are frequently found in this region of Parnaíba Basin. Some features such as flow structures in the opals, corrosion and partial dissolution in the hyaline quartz crystals and mineralogical inclusions, hydrothermal quartz veinlets that overgrew to detrital grains, and zoning in the quartz crystals, confirm that these opals have hydrothermal origin. The Gondwana rupture would have caused a wide fissural basic magmatism, which was the responsible for the heat supply that generated the first convective cells of hot fluids. The water contained in the sandstones certainly filled the system and enriched in silica through partial or total dissolution of the quartz grains of sandstones. This hydrothermal fluid was subsequently hosted and cooled in the fracture systems, precipitating the opal and associated minerals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Orange opals from Buriti dos Montes, Piauí: solid inclusions as genetic guides
(2015-03) MARQUES, Gisele Tavares; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; GOMES, Érico Rodrigues
Orange opals from Buriti dos Montes (Piauí, northeastern Brazil) have gemological properties that favor their use as jewelry; these characteristics include their colors, transparency, relatively high stability and hardness. The exotic content of solid inclusions provides greater beauty to the opals of this region. These opals originated from hydrothermal processes and are found mainly as veinlets and veins in the sandstones of the Serra Grande Group, sectioned by diabase dikes and sills of the Sardinha Formation. Solid inclusions, such as bubbles, botryoidal aggregates, dendrites, and nodules, among others, consist mainly of kaolinite, hematite/goethite and quartz and influence the chemical composition of opals. Intense zoning of quartz crystals and high values of Ba and Fe suggest that opal deposits were formed in a hydrothermal environment. Diabase dykes could have been responsible for heating the hydrothermal fluids. Sandstones, rich in aqueous solutions, also contributed to the available silica for the saturation of these solutions, and fractures enabled the migration and entrapment of hydrothermal fluids, resulting in the mineralized veins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quartzo e zircão como marcadores da evolução magmático-hidrotermal do Granito Antônio Vicente, Suíte Intrusiva Velho Guilherme, Província Carajás
(2013-06) LAMARÃO, Cláudio Nery; ROCHA, Kellen Katucha Nogueira; MARQUES, Gisele Tavares; BORGES, Régis Munhoz Krás
Four morphological and textural types of quartz, informally labeled Qz1, Qz2, Qz3 and Qz4, were identified in the different facies of the Antônio Vicente Granite, Carajás Province, by scanning electron microscope-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) images. In the less evolved rocks, containing amphibole and biotite, well developed anhedral to subhedral, luminescent and intensely fractured crystals dominate, named Qz1. Hydrothermal fluids that percolated the granite modified the magmatic quartz (Qz1) into Qz2 and Qz3 through processes of alteration, dissolution and recrystallization, with these changes much more evident in the intensely altered syenogranite rocks. Qz4 constitute medium-to-coarse grained crystals, usually luminescent and comparatively little fractured. Its occurrence is restricted to strongly hydrotermalized syenogranite rocks and bodies of greisens, suggesting the beginning of the greisenization process. In the greisens, medium-to-coarse grained euhedral, concentrically zoned quartz crystals dominate, with typical features of hydrothermal origin (Qz5). Fine crystals of zoned cassiterite (≤ 100 µm) are common and fill cavities in the types Qz4 and Qz5. Zircon crystals dominantly anhedral, corroded, with the highest contents of Hf and the lower Zr/Hf ratios belong to more evolved and hydrothermally altered rocks and to associated greisens, both carriers of Sn mineralization. This fact suggests that the geochemical signature of zircon, especially Zr/Hf ratio, can be used for the preliminary assessment of metallogenic potential of tin granites.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quartzo magmático e hidrotermal do depósito de ouro São Jorge, Província Aurífera do Tapajós, Pará: petrografia, microscopia eletrônica de varredura-catodoluminescência e implicações metalogenéticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12) SOTERO, Aldemir de Melo; LAMARÃO, Cláudio Nery; MARQUES, Gisele Tavares; RODRIGUES, Paulo Roberto Soares
Studies in crystals of quartz present in the mineral associations to the area of the São Jorge gold deposit, Tapajós Gold Province, southwest of the Pará state, identified four morphological and textural types (Qz1, Qz2, Qz3 and Qz4) by scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence images. In the more preserved rocks of the Younger São Jorge Jovem granite, rich in amphibole and biotite (associations 1 and 2), anhedral crystals of magmatic quartz with high to moderate luminescence (Qz1) dominate. In the partly altered rocks (associations 2 and 3), post-magmatic to hydrothermal fluids affected the granite, and filled fractures in Qz1 and crystallized not luminescent (dark) Qz2. In the most intensely altered rocks (association 4), successive alteration, dissolution and recrystallization processes gave rise to typically hydrothermal zoned, subhedral (Qz3) and euhedral (Qz4) quartz crystals. Images by backscattered electrons and semiquantitative analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy identified two generations of gold: Au1, enriched in Ag (4.3 to 23.7%) and associated to pyrite crystals; Au2, enriched in Te (1.1 to 17.2%) and included or associated to Qz4. The scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence study provided important information that was preserved in the quartz structure. The morphological and textural evolution of this mineral in different stages shows the gradual action of the hydrothermalism in the rocks and minerals associations of São Jorge deposit. Gold mineralization of the deposit was chemically (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and paragenetically (pyrite, sphalerite and Qz4) characterized, and it can be divided into different generations or mineralizing events. The effectiveness of the methodology used in this study was established, allowing its application in studies of other hydrothermal deposits.