Navegando por Autor "PARENTE, Andressa Tavares"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica de transmissão da malária na Amazônia Legal: determinantes ambientais, epidemiológicos e sua distribuição espaço-temporal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-20) PARENTE, Andressa Tavares; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
Malaria is a worldwide parasite, concentrating mainly in tropical and subtropical locations. In Brazil, in the Legal Amazon region, it is characterized as an endemic disease, and it is responsible for more than 99% of the cases in the Nation. Its presence in the region has a multifactorial character, such as socioeconomic, demographic and environmental influences, and also some variables such as temperature, precipitation and deforestation. All of them influence the dynamics of the disease. The aim of this study was to comprehend the dynamics of malaria transmission in the Legal Amazon and the nine States that comprise of this region (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins), establishing relations between the endemic indicators and the regional climate variability and deforestation rates. This study has 5 chapters. The first chapter contains the introduction, where there is the conceptualization of the theme and of the variables that are analyzed in the study, objective and the presentation of the structure of the following chapters. The second chapter talks about the analysis of the Plan of Intensification of Malaria Control Actions (PIACM) in the Legal Amazon, based in secondary data about malaria in the Legal Amazon from 1981 to 2015, and from 1990 to 2012 (by States). It was developed an intervention analysis model in time series with the use of dummy variables that established the Annual Parasite Index (API) average of occurrence before and after the intervention. The average API (after the intervention) had a 48% reduction between the averages from two time periods. Among the States the effect was differentiated, showing the highest impact in the reduction of Malaria in Mato-Grosso, Tocantins, Roraima and Maranhão. The third chapter analyzed the spatial dynamics of the incidence of malaria in the Legal Amazon, from 2003 to 2012, and its association with deforestation and precipitation using the spatial statistic techniques and also the local and global Moran’s index through the GeoDa Program. The global Moran’s index confirmed the spatial dependence for API, precipitation and deforestation among the States. It was identified the States that presented high priority (Acre, Amazonas and Roraima) and low priority (Maranhão, Tocantins and Pará) for the malaria intervention policies. The fourth chapter talked about the modulation of the precipitation and temperature over the incidence of malaria, in both current and in future climate scenarios, focusing on the seasonality, with different results for the States that are part of the Legal Amazon. The fifth chapter was based on the proposal of a model for malaria and quarterly variables involved in the study (precipitation, deforestation, SST of the oceans), and for the final model it was necessary to exclude the variable deforestation, being more significant for the model to utilize the other variables involved. The prevention policies expressed impacts on the series, which showed a decreasing tendency in the number of cases. The States exert influence among themselves on the pattern of Malaria occurrence, being the relations with the environmental variables differentiated in each State. The results indicate that the effects of the borders in the malaria cases in the western portion of the Legal Amazon has contributed to the values of this endemic disease. It is necessary to develop other strategies in order to control the management settings of malaria in the region and the allocation of resources to fight against this disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incidência de malária no Estado do Pará e suas relações com a variabilidade climática regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-23) PARENTE, Andressa Tavares; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
The objective of the present work is to approach a diagnostic study on the malaria incidence in four different regions over the Pará state in the eastern Amazon, seeking its relationships with the regional climate variability, with the population growth and rates of deforestation. Time series containing 35 years of annual data (1970-2005) and 14 years of monthly data are used. The percentiles technique was employed in order to establish five categories or classes of the malaria incidence rates and precipitation for each municipal district.Results based on the analyses using annual data showed that the cities present different factors that contribute to the endemic profile. The growth of the population has direct relationship with the increased malaria incidence in Anajás, Itaituba and Santana do Araguaia. In Anajás, the precipitation was not a decisive factor in the occurrence of the parasitosis. In Santana do Araguaia and Viseu the highest rates of the malaria incidence occurred in years with rainfall deficit. For Viseu, the normal precipitation pattern also categorized high malaria incidence. Concerning the deforestation rates from 1988 until 1995, the curves of malaria incidence follow the deforestation rates. From 1995 onwards, it was evidenced consecutive years of high rates of malaria incidence just after the years characterized with higher deforestation rates, as observed during 1995, 2000 and 2004. Composites analyses based on objective selection of the indices of malaria occurrence categorized by the percentiles, allowed to define annual features of the regional climate variability in each city. In general, years with higher malaria indices area associated with the Pacific El Niño and warmer than normal oceanic conditions over the north Atlantic basin, while the years with lower malaria indices are related to the Pacific La Niña and no significant signal in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Results obtained from monthly data base, using composites based on objective selection of climate events observed over Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it was investigated the response of such mechanisms on the monthly evolution of the malaria incidence over the Pará state. The El Niño composites revealed "negative" impacts, i.e., systematic and significant increase in cases of malaria occurring in a sequence of months in Itaituba and Santana do Araguaia. For Anajás and Viseu, the El Niño scenario is associated with "positive" impacts i.e., malaria incidence in the medium and low categories. Concerning La Niña composites, a widespread response over most of Pará state is verified, with predominance of higher malaria incidence in the four cities and processing persistently during the consecutive months from December to May. The composites for the positive dipole events in the intertropical Atlantic showed intra-regionally differentiated 11 malaria indices over the state, with Anajás and Itaituba presenting predominance of increased cases, while in Santana do Araguaia and Viseu presented several months with normal rates and below than average. Except for Itaituba, composites for the negative dipole events in the intertropical Atlantic evidenced malaria incidence in the medium and low categories, evolving from November to May.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ocorrência de malária em quatro municípios do estado do Pará, de 1988 a 2005, e sua relação com o desmatamento
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012-03) PARENTE, Andressa Tavares; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; RIBEIRO, João Batista Miranda
The purpose of this paper is to study occurrence of malaria in four different regions of the state of Pará and its possible relationships with deforestation rates. A retrospective study using secondary data from 1988 to 2005, using malaria incidence records reported in four cities in the state (Anajás, Itaituba, Santana do Araguaia and Viseu), as well as deforestation rates provided by the PRODES-INPE. The quantiles method was applied to establish five categories or classes of malaria incidence for each city, and a state IPA was generated with the contributions of these cities. From 1988 to 1994, the curves of incidence of malaria follow deforestation rates. From 1995, there are consecutive years of high incidence levels after years of high deforestation rates, as registered in 1995, 2000 and 2004. It was noticed that after periods of intense deforestation the occurrence of malaria presented an incidence pattern between high and very high, suggesting that deforestation may be a factor in maintaining and increasing the number of cases in the state of Pará.