Navegando por Autor "PEREIRA, Fabiana da Silva"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos das mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra na paisagem e nos serviços ecossistêmicos no leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-29) PEREIRA, Fabiana da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
In the Brazilian Amazon, the conversion of large forest areas, mainly for the expansion of agricultural activities and urban areas, has led to the loss and fragmentation of ecosystems.These changes alter ecosystem processes and functions and may affect the provision of several ecosystem services essential for human well-being and economic activities. In this context, the analysis of the effects of these changes on the landscapes and ecosystems in the Amazon region is essential to better understand the impact of these anthropogenic modifications on ecosystems services in terms of economic, ecological and social aspects. This thesis was designed to (1) quantify the impacts of land use changes on the economic value of ecosystem services in the eastern Amazon; (2) analyze the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the provision of ecosystem services; (3) evaluate the perception of local traditional communities about ecosystem services in order to verify which factors influence the way they identify and perceive ecosystem services and their main threats. The results show that in the 36 years analyzed there was a considerable loss in the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the forest areas, however the increase in agricultural areas has resulted in a positive balance, as the associated ecosystem services, mainly food, have a high value. In addition, forest ecosystems are smaller and increasingly fragmented and isolated, which has degraded habitat quality in the landscape and reduced carbon stocks in the region. Deforestation and illegal mining were perceived by local communities as the main threats to the provision of several ecosystem services. The most important ecosystem services identified by the communities are related to the provisioning category, such as food, wood products and medicinal plants, as well asregulating services. These results highlight the importance of assessing ecosystem services from different perspectives, in order to provide more robust information to base the development of conservation strategies, management and land use planning, as well as financial incentive strategies for ecosystem conservation or restoration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expansão urbana da Região Metropolitana de Belém sob a ótica de um sistema de índices de sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; PEREIRA, Fabiana da Silva
The metropolitan area of Belém (RMB) contains 1/3 of the population of Pará State, Brazil, and its recent expansion has caused a number of social and environmental problems that undermine access to infrastructure and services and also impact other factors that influence urban sustainability. In recent years, various methodologies for assessing the sustainability of cities have been proposed, but the challenges of incorporating a multidimensional approach in the evaluation of urban sustainability are still enormous. In this work, we applied the Urban Sustainability Index System (SISU) to the RMB in order to analyze the levels of sustainability of the municipalities that constitute this metropolitan area and to verify the limitations and challenges in applying this method of measurement in the Amazon region. Seven indicators were used for the environmental quality index (IQA), and four for the political institutional capacity index (ICP) and the municipal human development index (IDHM). The results show that there is little variation in the IQA and IHDM indices, and the least-populated municipalities such as Santa Barbara and Benevides have better IQAs, while larger-populated municipalities, such as Belém and Ananindeua, have better IDHMs. However, it is in relation to ICP that this metropolitan area has the highest inequality, thus reflecting the need for the institutional and political empowerment of this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sustentabilidade da região metropolitana de Belém-Pará sob a ótica de diferentes índices
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-14) PEREIRA, Fabiana da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
In the Amazon more than 70% of the population lives in urban areas. Its urbanization is recent and has occurred in an accelerated way, which has caused a series of socioeconomic and environmental problems, deepening even more the regional disparities. The metropolitan region of Belém (RMB) is a second largest metropolitan area of the Amazon and it concentrates almost a third of the state population. The RMB presents a series of infrastructure and environmental problems that influence sustainability. Currently, there are several methodologies for measuring sustainability, however, a lot still needs to be learned about the ideal system to be applied in certain contexts and scales. In this way, the present work aimed to analyze the sustainability of the metropolitan area of Belém by application of different indexes, an aim to know the degree of sustainability of the municipalities that compose this region, and also to test different indexes in the same unit of analysis. Three systems of sustainability indexes were applied: Urban Sustainability Indexes System - SISU, Barometer of Sustainability – BS and Dashboard of Sustainability - PS. The results show that there is inequality in the sustainability indexes of municipalities of RMB, whose results were better applied to Belém. The application of the SISU showed little variation in the Index of Environmental Quality - IQA and Municipal Human Development Index - IDHM, and in relation to the Institutional Political Capacity - ICP that this metropolis presents a greater intermunicipal inequality that demonstrates a need of institutional and political strengthening of the region. The application of BS and PS shows that the municipality of Belém, followed by Ananindeua, has a better level of sustainability than the other municipalities in the surrounding area. The three systems present some distortions in relation to the ranking of municipalities. These distortions can be mainly related to the way in which results are interpolated and how the indices are indicated, whether synthetically or not. Although the results for the municipality of Belém presented a better performance, the intra-municipal evaluation showed that there is a great inequality within the municipality. The most central areas have the best results. On the other hand, the peripheral areas presented unsatisfactory results, mainly in relation to urban environmental conditions, infrastructure and sanitation. These results show that in addition to evaluation at the municipal level, evaluation at the intramunicipal level is necessary, since the municipal averages hide the existing inequalities.