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Terras tradicionalmente ocupadas por índios: fundamentos para uma aplicação limitada da Súmula 650 do STF
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SILVA, Maria Eliza Nogueira da; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque
The pluralism is a mark of the contemporary democracy and the Constitution of 1988 represented an important progress in the protection of the diversities in Brazil, consecrating the multiplicity of ideas, cultures and ethnic groups, and presupposing the dialogue between opinions and divergent thoughts. In this context, the indigenous people acquired the right of have its culture recognized, in other words, their ethnic-cultural specificities were respected, guaranteeing them the right to be and to remain as Indians. The delimitation and the protection of an appropriate territorial space for the different indigenous people are considered as an essential condition for the physical and cultural survival of those groups. The present work intends, then, to analyze the interpretation adopted by Federal Supreme Court of Brazil (Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF) in a document named Súmula 650, concerning the term "Native Lands" (Federal Constitutions of Brazil/1988 art. 231, §§ 1st and 2nd), in way to understand its reach and application limits. For this, initially, the itinerary of the concept was rebuilt on STF, analyzing the decisions concerning this subject. The initial landmark of this discussion is the document named Súmula 480 and his precedents, and the end is the Súmula 650, including the analysis of the cases that it conformed. As a result, was verified, that in the decisions before Súmula 650, the Court moved away from the civil concept of possession to contemplate a concept of native possession, in which the present time can be secondary, faced with evidences that attest the traditional occupation. From the precedents analysis of the Súmula 650, was verified that the judgment involved a specific historical context, in which the native people were extinct. On the other hand, generalizing arguments has been used and if they are indiscriminately applied they are supposed to cause serious damages to the native territorial rights, especially related to the restitution of traditional lands. From the results, it is possible to conclude that the Title of the Súmula 650 cannot be applied in generalized way, it must be presented as ground for an application limited to the facts related and historicity of the concrete case; the Convention 169 of the OIT and orientation of the “Agenda 21”; and the other interpretations from STF about the term "Native Lands".