Navegando por Autor "SOUZA, Lena Simone Barata"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratigrafia da sucessão sedimentar Pós-Barreiras (Zona Bragantina, Pará) com base em radar de penetração no solo
(2001-08) ROSSETTI, Dilce de Fátima; GÓES, Ana Maria; SOUZA, Lena Simone Barata
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that consists in the emission of electromagnetic waves of high frequency (between 10-2500 Mhz). This equipment has been increasingly applied for mapping of physical properties and chemical compositions of rocks at shallow depth, as well as for stratigraphic and facies analysis. The application of this methodology in Brazil is still reduced to a few studies, mostly emphasizing soil stratigraphy and eolian paleoenvironments. However, previous studies undertaken in northern Brazil have demonstrated that, in combination with traditional studies using outcrop data, the GPR might be a powerful additional tool to help correlating sedimentary successions and reconstruct depositional environments throughout the Neogene in the Bragantina Zone. In this paper, we will document a pioneer investigation applying a SYR-2 GPR system (Geophysical Survey Systems Inc.) in the Praia do Atalaia area, Salinópolis, northern Brazil, which allowed us to characterize, for the first time, facies and stratigraphy of the deposits known informally as Pós-Barreiras Sediments (Pliocene and younger). The equipment was operated using a 200 Mhz monostatic antenna in continuous mode. The acquired sections were processed using the RADANWIN software in order to increase the reflection resolution and thus allow a refined interpretation of the sections. Based on this procedure, it was noticed that the studied sedimentary succession overlies unconformably the Miocene basement, represented by the Pirabas/Barreiras formations. Three stratigraphic units were also distinguished. The lowermost Unit 1 consists of an interval up to 6 m thick dominated by poorly-defined, low amplitude reflections, which intergrade with medium-scale, tangential oblique and hummocky reflections. This unit revealed to be discontinuous throughout the studied radar sections, occurring mainly where the Miocene basement is depressed. The middle Unit 2 is circa 9 m thick and mostly includes large-scale oblique reflections varying in style from parallel, tangential, sigmoidal to sigmoidal complex. The two latter ones might reach up to 7 m thick. A strong, high amplitude and laterally continuous reflection marks the top of Unit 2, forming a bounding surface having local depressions of up to 40 m in relief. The uppermost Unit 3 corresponds to an interval ranging from 3.5 to 9 m thick, which is dominated by hummocky reflections, followed by medium-scale oblique, parallel to sub-parallel and cut and fill reflections. The GPR data allows the interpretation that the Pós-Barreiras Sediments were unconformably deposited over the Miocene deposits, as revealed by the mapping of an erosional bounding surface at the base of Unit 1. In addition, the analysis of internal reflection configurations and reflection geometries led us to propose that the Pós-Barreiras Sediments is more variable in terms of facies than previously thought, including eolian deposits (coastal dunes), as well as beach ridge, tidal flat, channel and mangrove deposits. Furthermore, the mapping of the three stratigraphic units described above is important to unravel the complexity of sedimentation versus erosion during the latest Neogene in northern Brazil. The conclusions obtained from the GPR data lead to suggest a drop in relative sea level after the end of the Miocenelower Pliocene in the Bragantina Zone, which was followed by a transgression and deposition of Unit 1 along embayments and adjacent eolian dunes and/or beach ridges. Renewed phase of relative sea level drop took place, which led to erosion of the uppermost portions of Unit 1, forming a bounding surface that is locally cut by fluvial channel scouring. Large-scale eolian dunes laterally intergraded with tidal flat, filling the depressions formed by channel erosion during a subsequent transgressive phase. At least one more drop in relative sea level appears to have taken place in the study area, as revealed by the discontinuity surface between units 2 and 3, which is in turn mantled by modern sedimentation along mangroves, tidal channels and coastal dune environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mapeamento de aquíferos na cidade de Manaus (AM) utilizando perfilagem geofísica de poço e sondagem elétrica vertical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-09-02) SOUZA, Lena Simone Barata; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The principal source of groundwater in Manaus-AM is the Alter of Chão aquifer. This aquifer is characterized by sand, clay and sandy-clay sedimentary facies and the Manaus sandstones, deposited in the fluvial and fluvial-deltaic ambient. An estimated amount of 32.500 km3 of groundwater can be exploited from this aquifer through wells of about 220 m deep, producing water at a maximum rate of 300 m3/h. However, there are big distortions in the production rates. In some boreholes they are as low as 78 m3/h because of wrong filter locations due to the lack of information about the aquifer position in depth. The permo-porous zones forming the aquifers were mapped in the northern and eastern part of the town of Manaus, employing in integration of the information available from the well-log geophysical data, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data the litology obtained through the examination of the borehole cuttings. This work resulted in the identification of two distinct geohidrological zones in depth. The first, up to the depth of 50 m, is marked by clay, sand and sandy-clay zones of varied dimensions. However, they are not recommended for great demand of water because of the limited lateral extension of the sand zones and for being susceptible to superficial contaminations. The second zone extents below 50 m to about 290 m in depth, and is very appropriate for the storage of large amount of groundwater because it contains thick sand zones of great lateral extensions. The production rate of the wells in this aquifer is around 300 m3/h. Therefore, it is recommended for the supply of good quality groundwater to meet higher demands such as for a district in a town. An analysis of the transverse resistance and longitudinal conductance maps of the upper zone up to 50 m, leads to that NE and SW sectors of the area contend more permeable zones, contend less clayey layers, therefore, of higher transmissibility zones of the aquifer system. However, for wells deeper than 50 m, recommend NNW e SW region for their locations based on the results obtained through Geophysical Well Logging that delineates the permo-pourous layers forming a good aquifer.