Navegando por Autor "TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury"

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Assertividade e autocontrole: interpretação analítico-comportamental
(2010-06) MARCHEZINI-CUNHA, Vívian; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; Universidade Federal de Brasília
Issues related to assertiveness have been investigated by behavior therapists for over three decades. It is more recent, however, the effort made by behavior-analytic therapists to examine such issues with the same conceptual and methodological tools employed by their colleagues in basic and conceptual research. This study aims to provide a behavior-analytic interpretation of assertive, aggressive and passive behavior patterns. We recovered some definitions of assertiveness/aggressiveness/passiveness and then examined the corresponding phenomena as behavioral relations, discussed some aspects of the behavior-analytic approach of self-control, and suggested that behavioral relations defined as assertiveness/aggressiveness/passiveness may be interpreted as instances of self-control or impulsiveness. Such approach may give rise to new directions in clinical research of social skills from a behavior-analytic standpoint.
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Comportamento privado: acessibilidade e relação com comportamento público
(2001) SIMONASSI, Lurismario Ernesto; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; SILVA, André Vasconcelos da
This study empirically analyzed behaviors inaccessible to public observation. Using a procedure that experimentally turned public previously covert responses through the resolution of problems, it was possible to verify 1) the effectiveness of contingencies programmed to turn public previously covert precurrent responses; 2) the relationship between covert verbal responses and programmed contingencies; and, 3) the subsequent probability of behaviors under control of stimuli generated by the covert response to be positively reinforced. Sixty-four human subjects distributed in two conditions Complex and Simple participated in the study. After each attempt, informative responses and written responses about the resolution of problems were obtained. The results show that task complexity did not interfere with the private characteristic of the responses and that the social contingencies turned public the precurrent responses in the problem resolution. This procedure gives empirical evidence to some propositions established by radical behaviorists and offers new questions for the discussion of private events.
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O conceito de ansiedade na análise do comportamento
(2008) COÊLHO, Nilzabeth Leite; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
The concept of anxiety has been used in Behavior Analysis under the control of different events or relations. In this article, we offer a theoretical and conceptual review of behavior-analytic approaches for anxiety, and of the behavioral relations that are highlighted in the literature. We start with a description of the current usages of the concept of anxiety. We point out that such usages vary from the role assigned to physiological changes, to the definition of respondent and operant relations (verbal and non-verbal) and to the implications for verbal therapy. We, then, discuss such variations as complementary explanations for a complex phenomenon, in which events acquire several functions, through processes of direct and indirect conditioning. Finally, we summarize some defining characteristics of anxiety from a behavior-analytic standpoint, and we argue that, as a clinical disorder, anxiety may be related to self-control.
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Conseqüências do externalismo behaviorista radical
(1999-08) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
Skinner's approach to a science of behavior is discussed with reference to the concept of "externalism" (the search for relations between the organism and external events). Skinner's works, respectively, from 1938, 1953 and 1990, whose discourses deal with different explanations of behavior, are examined in order to emphasize his persistent concern with drawing a clear distinction between behavior analysis and (neuro)physiology. Certain aspects of Skinner's writings, that seem to provide insufficient support for any definitive statement regarding the autonomy of a science of behavior, are highlighted along with resultant difficulties that have arisen in the literature of the field.
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Desafios da pós-graduação em Psicologia no Brasil
(2010) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; BASTOS, Antonio Virgílio Bittencourt
The regulation of Graduate Programs in Brazil is less than five decades old. Along this period, the system has been successful concerning its results, even though some of its essential features remain unfinished. In the field of Psychology, the system comprises 64 Programs and 42 of them offer Doctoral degrees. In order to efficiently cope the demands of the Brazilian Graduate System, the Psychology area will need to face challenges, some of which we highlight in this paper. They are: (a) the enlargement of geographical and thematic scope in order to overcome regional asymmetries and thematic gaps in psychological research;(b) the improvement of the evaluation system in order to comprise the diverse strategies in instructing new researchers and the knowledge production in every subarea of Psychology; (c) the necessity of a link among different areas of Graduate Programs in Psychology since the basis for knowledge production in this field may have additional demands related to the development of intervention technologies; and (d) the elaboration of policies which may qualify the system, improving the research networks, providing international exchange for the groups, promoting scientific publications, and extensive methodological learning, for instance. The diagnosis of these and other challenges, in their multiple dimensions, may lead to a more efficient use of the potentials of Brazilian research groups, towards the development of knowledge production and training new researchers.
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Desamparo aprendido e incontrolabilidade: relevância para uma abordagem analítico-comportamental da depressão
(2013-06) FERREIRA, Darlene Cardoso; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
References to the experience of uncontrollability are often found in the literature in association with learned helplessness. This paper offers an analysis of the different uses of the concept of uncontrollability, indicating how the same verbal topography is controlled by different events. The generality of learned helplessness is discussed based on experiments with human subjects, also pointing out the role of verbal contingencies for the occurrence of learned helplessness in humans. Relevant variables to the generality of learned helplessness as the experimental model and animal equivalent of depression are discussed, justifying the need for more research into aspects such as the correspondence between the concept of uncontrollability and the experimentally established condition in the laboratory and the production of learned helplessness in humans involving verbal processes.
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Desempenho de crianças do ensino fundamental na solução de problemas aritméticos
(2001-06) OLIVEIRA, Marinalva Silva; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
Performance of children of the elementary school in arithmetics problems solving This study compared the performance of students of the first year of the elementary school (groups 1F and 1IN) and students of the second year of elementary school (groups 2F and 2IN), tested at the beginning (IN) or at the end of the school year (F), in mathematical problems solving. Thirty eight participants divided into 4 groups were submitted to the same procedure, that consisted in mathematical problems oral presentation. After each answer the participants were asked about form of solution. Data was analysed related to the amount of correct answers and the strategies employed. Correct answers and the use of writing were more frequent in Group 2F and less frequent in Group 1IN. Groups 2F and 1F showed a more frequent use of algorithms. Results also show a better performance of Group 1F related to Group 2IN, suggesting that the history of recent frequency to school favours the performance of the participants.
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Fronteiras entre análise do comportamento e fisiologia: Skinner e a temática dos eventos privados
(2000) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; TEIXEIRA, Eveny da Rocha; MACIEL, Josiane Miranda
This study examines B. F. Skinner´s references to physiology in publications dealing with private events, in order to identify elements for a clearer definition of the relations between behavior analysis and physiology. Skinner´s contributions were analyzed with reference to six thematic categories: a) biological variables as constitutive, albeit non-defining properties of private behavioral phenomena; b) the autonomous nature of the behavioral-analytical approach in the face of biological/physiological facts; c) limits of behavior control by internal/physiological events; d) private behavior as behavior of the organism as a whole; e) a distinction between privileged access and privileged knowledge; f) retention of the behavioral analytical approach in applied behavior analysis. Skinner´s propositions concerning the described categories are discussed as original in defining the field of a science of behavior and capable of providing a coherent guide for establishing clear-cut limits between behavior analysis and physiology as independent and complementary disciplines.
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Graduate and undergraduate studies: neighbors without affinity?
(2013-08) MENANDRO, Paulo Rogério Meira; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; BASTOS, Antonio Virgílio Bittencourt; YAMAMOTO, Oswaldo Hajime
This article presents two sets of information of historical interest for Psychology: regarding the context in which the profession of psychologist was regulated, and the graduate level formation. These sets of information are used to discuss the difficulty in promoting de facto articulation between undergraduate and graduate level programs. This is an especially curious difficulty, as, since the initial phase of the organization of the Brazilian Graduate Program, the need to consider its integration with the undergraduate formation has always been highlighted. Nevertheless, some difficulties still persist with respect to this integration. Some proposals of activities that could provide articulation between the different levels of formation are presented for debate, both in the sphere of teaching and supervision, as well as in the context of research, with related activities that can serve the same purpose also being mentioned.
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Livros à mão cheia: o livro como veículo de produção acadêmica
(2011-06) MENANDRO, Paulo Rogério Meira; YAMAMOTO, Oswaldo Hajime; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; BASTOS, Antonio Virgílio Bittencourt
This essay discusses the importance of books as means of scientific publishing. Arguments are presented which favors the view that periodicals and books, in several areas of knowledge, constitute different modes for dissemination of academic findings, complementary in the fulfillment of relevant functions for the development of sciences and for both professional formation and development. The methodology adopted in recent years in Brazil for evaluation of books produced within Graduate programs in Psychology is described and commented.
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Notas sobre o Behaviorismo de ontem e de hoje
(2011) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
This paper aims at offering some historical references concerning the origins and development of behaviorist Psychology. It begins with Watson’s contributions and highlights his detachment from the causal mode of selection by consequence started in Psychology by Thorndike. Then, the paper discusses some developments of behaviorism under the leadership of Skinner and argues that some achievements have largely resulted from a recovery of selectionism. Finally, it contends that, by the end of the 20 th century, the approach started by Skinner extended to new directions, engendering behavior analysis as a multidimensional system. The paper concludes by pointing out that a historical view of the process of behavioral investigation provides a more precise frame of what this approach has represented as a psychological system.
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A produção de conhecimento em Psicologia: a análise do comportamento
(2003-06) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
This paper discusses radical behaviorist approach to Psychology as a science of behavior, highlighting three sets of issues: a) the notion of knowledge adopted, particularly in its rejection of logical positivist principles, and its accordance to an instrumental and relational view; b) an interpretation of Psychology as a field of knowledge in which philosophical, scientific and applied contents are articulated; and c) a research program of psychological phenomena based on an externalist view of the subject matter and a selectionist conception of causality. The analysis contrasts radical behaviorism to modern conceptions of men, emphasizing its scope and its critical and innovatory character in Psychology and in culture in general.
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A Psicologia como campo de conhecimento e como profissão de ajuda
(2004-04) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; SILVA, Simone Maria Neno
The present article focuses an interpretation of psychology according to which philosophical/reflexive, empirical, and applied contents account for an original configuration of the discipline. The paper considers some historical facts that ground such configuration, which should be considered in order to achieve a better understanding of the heterogeneity of objects, methods, goals and philosophical commitments of the diverse psychological approaches. Some implications of the model to an appreciation of (academic and non academic) doings in contemporary psychology are then discussed. It is argued that the success of each psychological approach depends, to a certain extent, on its recognition of the multifold character of the psychological field and its capacity to give consistent and integrated responses to the different social demands that give rise to the field.
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Usos do conceito de eventos privados à luz de proposições pragmatistas
(2009-08) VASCONCELOS NETO, Aécio de Borba; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
Uses of the concept of private events from the standpoint of pragmatist assumptions. The concept of private events has been used in behavior-analytic literature as a major topic to the treatment phenomena related to subjectivity, in the context of adopting instrumentality as a criterion of truth. This paper aims to discuss uses of the concept of private events from the standpoint of Pragmatism, a philosophy in which that criterion of truth has been consistently identified. It is particularly examined the focus on verbal relations in the analysis of contents related to privacy, and also how that focus reflects a rejection on mentalism and organicism. The paper continues to discuss the importance of the verbal community in the production of an individual “inside world”. In the end, the paper points out that some authors depart from functionalist/instrumentalist reference when working on the problem of imprecision of private events.