Dissertações em Engenharia de Barragem e Gestão Ambiental (Mestrado) - PEBGA/NDAE/Tucuruí

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9396

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da cobertura do solo usando NDVI, na região da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CARRARO, Fábia Gabriela Pflugrath; FÜLBER, Heleno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5018616409948511
The present work aims to analyze the ground cover, of the Belo Monte Dam complex region using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), calculated from TM / Landsat 5 and OLI / Landsat 8 images from 2008 to 2018. The use of images over the 10-year period can continuously identify trends in the pixels due to the change in land use. The mapping consisted of a polygon (buffer) on each side of the Xingu River, the images obtained during the dry period, in the Imaging Division of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The scenes were processed and the thematic maps generated in ArcGIS® 10.2.2. and the NDVI tool was applied for the mapping of areas and then a grid was generated with the processed values, than the creation of thematic classes based on intervals of index values, for the generation of thematic images, with associated defined value intervals to a color scale. The reduction in NDVI values in the years 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017 shows the direct influence of the decrease in vegetation due to deforestation. It is checked that during the time series, that from 2013 to 2016 there was a constancy in the NDVI values, indicating that in those years there were no major losses of plant biomass. Thus, the application of the index shows an efficiency when analyzing the behavior of the vegetation made it possible to verify a huge loss of plant biomass and increase of exposed soil due to the implantation of the Belo Monte Dam.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade pluviométrica da região da UHE – Tucuruí/PA no período operacional (1988-2017)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-30) ALMEIDA, Denilson Freitas; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The Tocantins - Araguaia hydrographic region has become a major power in the generation of hydraulic energy with the installation of large hydroelectric plants and the formation of several artificial lakes, resulting in hydrological changes and possible changes in the microclimate and rainfall. The analysis of rainfall behavior in the hydrographic basin becomes of fundamental importance for the management of water resources. In order to subsidize the management and planning of water resources in the region, an analysis of the spatial-temporal rainfall variability was carried out in the Lake HPP-Tucuruí / PA region, being divided into 4 quadrants (NE, NO , SO and SE) and 12 sub-areas (NE50, NE100, NE200, NO50, NO100, NO200, SO50, SO100, SO200, SE50, SE100 and SE200), considering the period of 30 years (1988-2017), in order to analyze the behavior of the rains in the region. To this end, data were collected and analyzed from 30 pluviometric stations that appear in the database of the ANA platform (HidroWeb base), within a radius of up to 200 km from the hydroelectric plant. With the aid of the QGIS 3.0.3 software, the isohyets maps were drawn using the linear ordinary kriging interpolation method, representing the heights of the water slides. The results showed variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the total volume precipitated in the referred period of study, identified in the results of standard deviation and variance, in addition to the result of the trend of rains by Mann Kendall's non-parametric tests. The pluviometric indexes showed decreases, when analyzing the entire study area, with an average rainfall of 2157.73 mm. There was a greater decrease in precipitation in the southern part of the region, which showed lower rainfall. In the northern regions, where the artificial lake formed by the Tucuruí dam is found, there were higher rainfall averages. The Mann-Kendall (MK) results showed a greater decrease in the quadrants of the microscale (close to the bus), especially at NO50, which showed a significant trend of decreasing rainfall in the study region (Z = -2.24).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do monitoramento de segurança de barragens de terra do aproveitamento hidrelétrico de Belo Monte: estudo de caso de diques do complexo no cenário do enchimento e operação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-12) MODESTO, Renan Ribeiro; ALENCAR JUNIOR, Julio Augusto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3663658632717465; LIMA NETO, Aarão Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0287664572311345; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-1368
In Brazil, an execution of earth dams or earth dams are quite common methods and used mainly to meet the demands of mining, irrigation or water storage for the production of hydroelectric energy. It is the importance or the monitoring and safety analysis of these rules to reduce environmental risks, safety factors, technological factors and observe the behavior and performance when planned. This dissertation seeks to understand dam safety monitoring procedures using items 01-A, 01-B and 01-C of the Belo Monte HPP intermediate reservoir by studying the different processes to ensure the safety of organizations. The methodological tracking adopted was carried out through the collection of technical information related to the studied structures, analysis of construction projects and verification of the methodologies adopted to contemplate the filling of reservoirs, reading of all or checklists that are field inspections, in addition to the data of the graphs, results of the auscultation instruments located in the body of the buses in the period of execution and operation that comprised the years 2015 to 2018. The type of research refers to a case study of documentary nature, since they are analyzed safety monitoring data in addition to the behavior of structures. The results reveal that, when compared to the safety procedures adopted at the international level, there is a shortage of the Brazilian safety inspection bodies, it refers to a more specific and clear methodology regarding the process of the first test of a reservoir, and in general lines , non-involved monitoring methods if associated, non-compliance in non-mandatory visual inspections or an instrumental reading outside the reference adopted as safety. However, when different non-conformities and / or anomalies present themselves both in visual inspection and in instrument monitoring, this action requires corrective action in the short term, as it is considered an unfavorable scenario in the security of the structure and associated with the strengthened correlation. to display a downstream of the structures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos conflitos pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do médio Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-15) SILVA, Cristiane Matos da; TEIXEIRA, Otávio Noura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5784356232477760; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5996; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
Brazil is considered a country highly rich in water availability, however, it is not always in a condition to use, or there is no equal distribution among the states and municipalities of the country. In this way, conflicts can arise associated to the access and distribution of this water resource. Therefore, this study aims to analyze conflicts over water use in the Mid Tocantins River Basin District. To do so, the methodology used was to carry out the following steps: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of multiple uses and respective volumes granted both upstream and downstream of Estreito / MA UHE, identification of the main agents and possible actors in areas of conflict, modeling the behavior of agents and the environment and conducting conflict analysis based on the Games Theory, making it possible to propose mitigating measures. With respect to the morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin, it has a low tendency to great floods, presented a degree of branching of the waterways of 5th order and an average altitude of 259 m. Regarding the multiple uses with federal grant, there is a difference in relation to the granting purpose upstream and downstream of the Estreito Dam, having as the largest user upstream, irrigation, and as the main user downstream of the UHE, industry. Regarding the analysis of conflicts over water use, after the application of game theory, it was verified that both upstream and downstream had several conflict agents, characterizing the generation of electric energy as the largest generator of them. It is concluded that the main mitigating measure is the proposition of greater interaction and dialogue among the agents that generate conflict, because in this way, the greater the probability of minimizing the problems of access, distribution and conflicts over the use of water. And, the application of game theory proved to be ffective, presenting a differential in the analysis of conflicts, making it possible to reiterate the importance of dialogue and interaction between the sectors of water use within the catchment area of the middle Tocantins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal dos impactos socioambientais das barragens de rejeito na bacia hidrográfica do rio Murucupi, Barcarena – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SANTOS, André Thiago Lemos Miranda dos; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548
The objective of this study is to carry out a survey of the socio-environmental influence of the users of the Murucupi River Basin, focusing on the buses of the company that uses the basin, located in the municipality of Barcarena in the State of Pará, Brazil. taking into account the multiple uses of soil and water.. The research considers multiples land uses, as well as the impacts caused by the tailings pond. For this assessment, Temporary Geographic Information Systems (TGIS) maps were applied using for the period of 1986 to 2017 data from USGS mapping and for the period of 2004 to 2014 data from TerraClass project mapping. Through this database, the impacts arising from the multiple uses of natural resources and socioenvironmental degradation observed in Barcarena were measured. Changes in land use were obtained through the State Department of Environment and Sustainability-SEMAS and IBGE data. The technical-scientific data were correlated to the socioenvironmental degradation maps in order to determine the socioenvironmental pressure caused by the installation the Imerys’ tailings pond in the study area. In addition to exposing the negative perception of the population in relation to the dam companies, through the application of online forms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da segurança da barragem Labourrie/AP à luz de diferentes metodologias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-05) RAMBO, Luis Henrique; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690
In recent years, dams in Brazil have been constantly related to the occurrence of numerous engineering problems, whether in design, construction methods, control, monitoring, instrumentation, etc., these situations were created as a result of some accidents that occurred, such as Mariana's cases and Brumadinho / MG. The inadequate design and construction of these structures represents a great risk to society, the environment and the economy. Thus, in this work, we chose, as a case study, to analyze the safety of the Laborrie tailings dam, located in the Lourenço district, in the state of Amapá, based on risk analysis and associated potential damage. The methodologies used were: SABESP, COGERH (modified), USACE, CNRH Res. 143/2012 and ANM Ordinance 70.389 / 2017. The study identified the similarity in the methods, oscillating in the weights used for calculations, as well as identified the method that does not use any relevant item in the analysis of tailings dams. Therefore, it is concluded that for the Laborrie Dam case study, the use for risk assessment of tailings dams using the ANM methodology and resolution 143, are the most indicated, which does not invalidate the use of the other methodologies, however, each particularity of the proposed method must be analyzed, in order to fill in the information that really has relevance and direct impact in the search for a closer approximation of the result.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos atributos físicos e químicos de solos em áreas ex situ e in situ da ilha de germoplasma, uma reserva ambiental em Tucuruí, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-09) NERI, Pablo Paulo Souza; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-6683
The construction of hydroelectric power plants in the world is based on increasing demand for energy and river flood control. At the national level they are alternatives due to the great Brazilian hydroelectric potential. The Tucuruí Hydro-Power Complex is located in the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin and over 1,100 islands have been formed from the filling of the reservoir, inhabited by some 6,500 people, most of whom have vegetable extraction and animal husbandry as their source of income. Among these islands, one can highlight the Germoplasma Island, which is a permanent preservation area (APP) and is located 3 km from the Tucuruí dam. This island was created in order to guarantee the conservation of the plant genetic material of the region flooded by the dam. On the island of germplasm, some forest matrices planted on the courts are perishing. In other courts the productivity of the forest species is decreasing. This problem can hinder the extraction of seeds for seedling production and propagation. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and characterize the area in situ (PC3), shade planting (Q18) and full sun planting (Q17) ex situ area of the germplasm island located in the lake of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power station. Deformed composite samples were collected from 10 to 30 sub-samples in each area at depths of 0-10cm and 10-20cm. The samples were then prepared and analyzed in the Civil Engineering Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará at the Tucuruí University Campus. The chemical and physical results of the soils were submitted to the Tukey statistical test at 5% probability, Hierarchical Grouping Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the soil chemical and physical analyses made it possible to understand the characteristics of the germplasm island areas. The highest levels of calcium and magnesium were found in Q17, due to the management performed in the plantation. Moreover, it presents high weathering and low organic matter content, and therefore, low Cation Exchange Capacity. In relation to the Q17 and Q18 planting areas, the shading planting provides the best conditions for the development of plant species and maintenance of soil quality, as it showed similarity between the chemical attributes of the natural vegetation area. From the data obtained and statistical analysis, there was greater similarity between the areas PC3 and Q18. Through the results of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was possible to visualize the contribution of soil chemical attributes in the characterization of the studied areas. The soil chemical attributes that contributed the most were: ∆pH (-0.333), Al3+ (-0.332) and pH H2O (0.323), H+ (-0.534), Fe2+ (0.410) and AP (-0.379). Hierarchical Component Analysis (HCA) confirmed the results obtained in Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção de um protótipo de barco robô de baixo custo para análise de qualidade de água em rios e reservatórios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020) MARTINS, Leandro Ramos; BAYMA, Rafael Suzuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6240525080111166
The National Water Agency, through its National Water Quality Assessment Program, operates a monitoring network with 1874 data recording points throughout the national territory together with the states, where the analysis of four basic parameters is carried out. According to the National Water Agency, the number of points is insufficient for the monitoring of the quality of the water in the lakes and river to be assessed throughout their course, which promotes the lack of data and information, generating gaps in the monitoring that are not can reverse. One option that is under development to solve this problem that is not exclusive to Brazil, is the use of robot boats, which has shown to be a promising technology. This work proposes the construction of a robot boat prototype for low-cost water quality analysis, and promotes the analysis of the use of robotic vessels in order to assist the activities of collecting and analyzing water quality in order to facilitate and streamline monitoring. The prototype developed included the use of low-cost technologies in its design and mechanical, electrical and electronic assembly in addition to the human machine interface. The robot boat was tested on bench and in the field, obtaining satisfactory results for the measurements of ph, temperature and collection, refrigeration and transport of water samples, a function not observed in other robot boat projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia de seleção de rotas de evacuação de emergência para caso de rompimento da UHE-Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-30) GOTO, Raphaela Sobreira; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
Dams play an important role in Brazilian social and economic development. Although even when considered low risk, incidents involving dams can cause significant damage, and despite several potential costs resulting from material damages, the loss of a human life is the most meaningful in damage scale. Evacuation in case of disruption is a complex process that is the aggregated result of many factors, such as evacuation mode and characteristics of evacuation routes. In this context, the present work aims to determine a methodology for selecting emergency evacuation routes for the urban area of Tucuruí municipality located downstream of Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHE-Tucuruí), regarding the condition of a dam failure only. The methodology adopted is based on the optimization of evacuation routes, minimizing and/or excluding intersections along the way, this proposal follows an adaptation of route selection method developed by Zhang et al. (2016). The methodology was applied in four stages, the first was the division of the municipality into manageable zones according to the socioeconomic characteristics and road distribution, the second was the creation of the intersection table (adjacency) between the roads, the third was the determination of the exit routes, responsible for the displacement of the population to another municipalities and the fourth was the development of route selection method that has as a final product, a table of evacuation routes considering all possible exits of high risk area. The method establishes as the best route choice the one with the fewest intersections in the evacuation path. As a result, the methodology proved to be effective when applied in Tucuruí, generating possible evacuation routes within the entire urban perimeter of the municipality, providing affordability since it does not use software that requires a license and high application cost, being showed as a method of easy acceptability and communication among the population to be evacuated, providing time travel reduction, safer evacuation and traffic load balance between different exits.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil fitoquímico, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos de espécies da flora amazônica coletadas na região de influência socioambiental da UHE-Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-16) NOGUEIRA, Bruno Alves; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-6683
With over 56,000 plant species, Brazil has one of the richest in the world, encompassing nearly 19% of the world's flora, excluding fungi. Much of this resource is found in the Amazon, which is a region with the highest biodiversity on the planet. However, due to various anthropic actions, knowledge, conservation and numerous native species with biotechnological potential can be lost. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of peel extracts and fruit seeds of three species of the Amazonian flora, prepared from different extractive techniques. For this, vegetable matrices were obtained from the peel and seeds of fruits of Poraqueiba sericea, Garcinia macrophylla and Platonia insignis, the extraction methods applied were hot, using Sohxlet, and cold using hexane, methanol and hydroalcoholic system. (50:50) as solvents. Phytochemical screening tests were performed to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in plant structures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by applying the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods and the antimicrobial potential was determined by the plate diffusion disc method. The hot hydroalcoholic extract of G. macrophylla seeds presented the best yield (11.40%). All species presented a considerable range of secondary metabolite classes, with emphasis on the cold hydroalcoholic extract of G. macrophylla (EHA-Gm) seeds, which presented the highest variability (9 classes). Regarding antioxidant activity, the EHA-Gm fraction showed activity of 685.53 (± 7.38x10-4 ) μmol Fe (II) .g-1 extract, in the concentration of 0.1875 mg.mL-1 , being the most active among the extracts tested by the FRAP method. This same fraction presented the lowest efficiency concentration to reduce the DPPH radical by 50% (EC50) (97.31 ± 5.98 × 10-2 µg / mL). In the antimicrobial assays, the tested extracts showed positive inhibition response against strains of Bacillus subtilis, Candida glabrata and Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. and Synechococus sp. The present study demonstrated that P. sericea, P. insignis and G. macrophylla species can be considered as promising sources of bioactive compounds. Notably G. macrophylla, which stood out in the antimicrobial and antioxidant tests performed during this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposições para o fortalecimento da educação ambiental na área de influência da UHE Tucuruí: sob o olhar da percepção ambiental de docentes do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-29) TEIXEIRA, Thaise Daniele Paixão; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
The study examines environmental perception considering the construction of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, which led to a series of spatial, social, and environmental changes within the project's affected area. This transformation altered the human-nature relationship and individuals' perception of their environment. The research aims to contribute to the strengthening of public policies, particularly within the framework of measures designed to mitigate the impacts of hydroelectric plants. This will be achieved through an analysis of the Environmental Perception of public school teachers involved in the environmental education program of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant within its scope of influence. The study is conducted across six schools situated in the municipalities of Tucuruí and Breu Branco, involving a total of 60 teachers and 6 administrators as participants. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with school administrators and open-ended questionnaires directed to teachers. Quantitative data were systematically processed and organized, with results depicted in graphs. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, aided by the IRaMuTeQ Software. The outcomes of this investigation revealed that the majority of participants possessed knowledge about the educational initiatives aimed at raising awareness about the Environmental Education Program (AEP) of the Tucuruí HPP. However, despite acknowledging the program's limitations, most teachers believe that the AEP contributes to mitigating environmental degradation in the vicinity of the Tucuruí HPP. Nevertheless, it is imperative to critically examine the socio-economic and cultural context of the communities, identifying potential issues before implementing activities. This entails considering the diverse environments and historical ties of those affected by the project. Consequently, investing in and intensifying the program's presence within the school environment becomes essential. This underscores the need for enhanced training and program adjustments that foster meaningful learning and the development of environmentally conscious citizens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de instalação de sistema de alerta em zona de segurança secundária (ZSS): um estudo de caso da barragem de mineração do Gelado – PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-10) MORAES, Max Roberto Lima de; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
The tailings dams, most of the times, present a high associated risk, considering the characteristics inherent to the materials that constitute them, and to the existing elevation processes to increase their storage capacity. Thus, studies related to security alert systems are important in order to guarantee alert procedures for the population that is at risk. In this context, this research aims to present a proposal for the installation of an emergency alert system in the secondary safety zone (ZSS) of the Gelado dam, in view of the existence of a population affected by the hypothetical flood spot, presenting the budget of the system based on an actual project. It was also sought to verify the possibility of funding the alert system by the municipal entity, given that it annually collects financial resources from CFEM (Financial Compensation for the Exploration of Mineral Resources). The research methodology was developed based on three stages, the first step 1 - characterization of ZAS and ZSS; step 2 - definition of the location of the installation of the emergency alert system for the ice cream dam ZSS and; step 3 - determining the estimated budget of the alert system in the ZSS. The estimated value for the implementation of the entire alert system, including preventive and corrective maintenance, was R $ 1,678,224.25, being the system composed of five alert towers whose sound protection radius of each tower is 2 km, defined by a minimum sound volume of 70 decibels, sufficient to alert an estimated population of 4,075 inhabitants. It was also concluded that the city of Parauapebas could pay for the installation of the proposed system, since it is benefited annually with significant financial resources from CFEM, having received an average of R $ 457,813,870.35 in the last eleven years (resource that would represent a percentage of 0.37% of the implantation costs). The installation of the system in the ZSS of the Gelado dam would allow, in the event of a collapse, the agility when reporting the accident in the ZSS, implying a lower number of victims, considering that only ZAS has an emergency alert system installed.

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