Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2603

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) surgiu em 1976 como uma necessidade de desmembramento do então já em pleno desenvolvimento Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas (CPGG), instalado ainda em 1973 nesta mesma Universidade. Foi o primeiro programa stricto sensu de Pós-Graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Geociências em toda Amazônia Legal. Ao longo de sua existência, o PPGG tem pautado sua atuação na formação na qualificação de profissionais nos níveis de Mestrado e Doutorado, a base para formação de pesquisadores e profissionais de alto nível. Neste seu curto período de existência promoveu a formação de 499 mestres e 124 doutores, no total de 623 dissertações e teses.

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 20

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A capa carbonática do sudoeste do cráton amazônico, estado de Rondônia: nova ocorrência e extensão dos eventos pós-glaciação marinoana (635 Ma)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-27) GAIA, Valber do Carmo de Souza; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
In the Western Amazon Craton, specifically in Western Parecis Basin, Rondônia State, carbonate rocks exposed on border of Pimenta Bueno and Colorado Grábens are considered to be part of the eopaleozoic basin fill. The facies and microfacies analysis together with chemostratigraphy of theses rocks in Chupinguaia and Pimenta Bueno Region, confirmed the occurrence of pinkish dolostone that overlie glaciogenic diamictite, previously interpreted as alluvial fan. Previous works reported δ13C negative excursions, confirmed in this work as well, ranging from -4.6 e -3,8‰VPDB in Chupinguaia, and average of -3,15‰VPDB in Pimenta Bueno. This sedimentation and chemostratigraphic pattern, uncommon in paleozoic rocks, is widely found in the anomalous neoproterozoic carbonates. In the Southern Amazon Craton, Mato Grosso State, rocks with the same features were described as cap carbonates related to the Marinoan Glaciation (635 Ma). Therefore this work considers this dolostones at the same context of the cap carbonate in Mato Grosso. Additionally we stand out the sharp and loaded contact between dolostone and diamictite, which happens in both occurrences, and is seemingly a typical feature of cap carbonates in the Amazon Craton. This paradoxal relationship has been interpreted as rapid change from icehouse to greenhouse conditions, and the loaded contact is attributed to isostatic rebound. The Rondônia cap carbonate presents two facies associations (FA2 and FA3) that overlie glaciomarine deposits (FA1) subdivided in two facies: Polymitic paraconglomerates (Pp) and laminated pebbly sandstone (Asl). The FA2 consists into: peloidal dolomudstone/dolopackstone with planar to quasi-planar laminations and low-angle truncations (Dp), megarriple bedding (Dm) and wave truncated laminations. This association is interpreted as shallow platform deposits wave influenced. This coastal succession is overlaid by FA3, which comprises the facies: dolomudstone/dolopackstone and dolomudstone/ dolograinstone with shale partition (Df) and laminated shaly siltstone (Sl). Df comprises 6m-thick of dolomite with parting shale, showing laterally continuous laminations of fibrous calcite (pseudomorph of gypsum) and dolomite with current wavy lamination. The Sl comprises 5m-thick of planar-laminated shaly siltstone. This association is interpreted as shallow platform deposits tide influenced. Finally, this inner platform succession is overlaid unconformably, in angular contact, by eopaleozoic glaciogenic diamictite. The isotopic values of C and O are negative and reflect the primary signal of C, however it can be considered a slight influence of meteoric diagenesis in the signal. The main shifts in negative signals are associated with meteoric influences, expressed by replacement and pores filling by calcite, and also by its proximity of stratigraphic surfaces, which reflect some patterns of diagenetic alteration, represented by the most negative signals. Differently from Mato Grosso cap carbonate, the Rondônia occurrence presents levels of pseudomorph of evaporites and dolomite with parting shale (rhythmites), order in succession of shallow marine facies, where the dolomites of wavy influenced shallow platform pass up-section to rhythmites and shaly siltstone of tide influenced shallow platform, setting up a retrogradational succession. This new occurrence of cap carbonate has strong implications to the stratigraphy of the base of Parecis Basin, since it excludes these carbonate rocks from the eopaleozoic sequence. Moreover, it provides information that allows reconstruct the coastal paleogeography of neoproterozoic basin that accumulated deposits of Araras Platform, as well extends the postmarinoan events of the Snowball/Slushball Earth hypothesis to the southwesternmost Amazon Craton, exposed in the Rondônia State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Depósitos carbonáticos-siliciclásticos da porção superior da Formação Piauí, carbonífero da bacia do Parnaíba, região de José de Freitas-PI
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-22) MEDEIROS, Renato Sol Paiva de; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The northwestern margin of the Gondwana, in the Neocarboniferous period, was influenced by a large transgressive-regressive event, depositing thin carbonate sequences from Andean basins to center-southern portions of the paleocontinent, such as the stratigraphic boundaries of the Parnaíba Basin. The Higher Member of the Piauí Formation in the Parnaíba Basin, studied in the region of José de Freitas, displays richly fossiliferous carbonate deposits overlapped by prograding clinoforms, defining the transition from a transgressive system tract to an highstand system tract. The facies and stratigraphic analysis of this succession allowed the individualization of 17 sedimentary facies and microfacies grouped in four facies associations (FA): the FA1 – Campo de Dunas – is below to the further FA and is composed by thin and average sandstone, with well selected and rounded grains, displaying plane parallel stratification with high level of bioturbation, cross-tubular stratification and translatant subcritically climbing ripple cross-lamination. The FA2 - Shallow sea deposits – is composed by a carbonate plain with tubular and continuous layers of solid carbonate and fossiliferous peloids interspersed with thin lenses of bituminous shale. The FA3 – Frente Deltaica and FA4 – Prodelta consist of pelitic layers and thin and average sandstones, arcosians and quartz sandstones, marked by surfaces of subaerial exposure with shrinkage cracks, cemented by carbonate, arranged in continuous tabular layers or in the form of sigmoidal lobes, as well as liquefaction structures of the types load cast and flame, and fluidization of the type disruption of layers, which distort the strata. The facies data corroborate the idea that the sea in the Pennsylvanian retrograded up to the border of the Parnaíba Basin, and later with the Appalachian orogeny (300 Ma) the top of the Parnaíba River arched and stepped back the marine incursion, followed by a progradational event on marine deposits.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Depósitos pleistocenos da formação Itaubal: paleoambiente e implicações na evolução da planície costeira do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-28) BEZERRA, Isaac Salém Alves Azevedo; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
In the Late Pleistocene of northern coast of South America, sea level fluctuations, related to climate variations and the sedimentary discharge of the Amazon River, have modified the landscape of this region. Terraces of the Itaubal Formation previously considered as Miocene Barreiras Formation, are part of the Amapá Coastal Plain, which covers the rocks of the Guianas Shield. The geochronological analysis by Optically Stimulated Luminescence / single and multiple aliquote regeneration (OSL/SAR-MAR) provided age around 120.600 (± 12.000) to 58.150 (±6.800) yrs BP and integrated with facies and stratigraphic analysis allowed the identification of coastal deposits and put the Tartarugazliznho Formation in the Upper Pleistocene. These up to 10 m thick, reddish tabular sediments have been divided into two units separated by unconformity. The Lower Unit consists of subtidal plain deposits (FA1), tidally influenced meandering stream deposits (FA2) and tidal plain deposits (FA3), whereas the Upper Unit, containing a higher clay content tham the lower one, is composed of braided stream deposits (FA4). The strata pattern of these units is progadational and takes part in the regressive system tract. The Tartarugazinho Formation onlaps the basement of Guianas Shield, weathered during Miocene-Pliocene and was exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum, about 22.000 – 18.000 yrs BP. Finally fine graided deposits derived from the Amazon River covered the Itaubal Formation and are responsible for the present shape of the northern coastline of South America. For the first time, the Itaubal Formation defines the Pleistocene sedimentary evolution of the Amapá coastal plain and the correlation with similar sediments in Suriname and northeastern Pará expands the discussion about the evolution of the coastal line in Northern South America during Pleistocene.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratigrafia e geoquímica orgânica da formação Longá, neodevoniano/eocarbonífero da Bacia do Parnaíba, região de Pedro Afonso-To
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) BRITO, Ailton da Silva; LIMA, Sidney Gonçalo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1655930426274093; SOARES, Joelson Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1345968080357131
The Late Devonian is marked by considerable paleoclimatic and paleogeographic changes related to a widespread colonization of the continent by vascular plants, exponential increase of organic production and development of background anoxia in the epeiric seas, typical of that period. In addition, during Famennian age the Gondwana continent was in high latitudes and glacial pulses occurred in South America. A postglacial phase in Late Famennian was responsible for the occurrence of a marine transgression and beginning of the Long Formation sedimentation until the Tournaisian. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is marked by deposition of black shales in various parts of the world. The goal of this work is a paleoenvironmental reconstruction and a geochemical characterization of the postglacial organic matter deposits of Long Formation from southwest Parnaíba Basin. A lithofaciological analysis was accomplished of Longá deposits plus petrographic and X-ray diffraction. The quantification of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) plus Rock-Eval pyrolysis and biomarkers was the geochemical analysis of organic matter within Longá Shales. From the sedimentological analysis of the deposits five lithofacies was identified: conglomerate lag (Gmm), laminated shales (Fl), coarse sandstone with megaripple bedding (Sm), fine to medium hummocky cross-stratified sandstones (Sh) and wavy-linsen shale interbedding with fine sandstone (Fwl). The lithofacies were interpreted as belonging to a single facies association, representing offshore to shoreface deposits. The lower Longá Formation boundary is well delimited by a transgressive lag produced by waves that separate it from the non-marine deposits of the Cabeças Formation. The formation is characterized by the predominance of thick layers of the Fl and Fwl facies with episodic events of storms and occurrence of debris rain as result of remaining icebergs melting. In Fwl facies occur typical elements of the Cruziana Ichnofacies characterized by predominance of horizontal trace fossils. These characteristics suggest a stressful environment caused by changes in salinity during the input of ice melting water within the platform. The organic geochemistry analyzes showed that Longá shales had a low TOC content, less than 1%, values of free hydrocarbons (S1) below the detection limit of the Rock-Eval 6 equipment, and very low (0.06 to 0.23) hydrocarbons generation potential (S2). The maximum pyrolysis temperature (Tmax) as well as the thermal maturation parameters calculated on the biomarkers show that the Longá shales are immature. The values of pristane/n-C17, phytane/n-C18, Hydrogen Index (IH) and Oxygen Index (IO) suggest kerogen type III and IV, formed from conical land leaves, needles and plant waxes as are support by total sulfur (TS) <0.2 wt%, terrigenous/aquatic ratio (TAR), C29-sterol, hopane/sterane and Methylphenanthrene (MPs). This organic matter was deposited in an epeiric sea where prevailed shallow water, oxidizing conditions, normal salinity, and low temperatures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo sedimentológico da formação Pedra de Fogo-Permiano: Bacia do Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1979-10-17) FARIA JUNIOR, Luis Ercílio do Carmo; TRUCKENBRODT, Werner Hermann Walter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5463384509941553
The Pedra de Fogo Formation of the Early-Middle-Permian in the Maranhão Basin is characterized by a ciclic sedimentation with fine sandstone intercalated with siltstones, shales and carbonatic banks which have abundant sílex beds and concretions. On surface this unit is divided into three members named Basal' Silex, Middle and Upper, Trisidela. Silicified oolites, pellets, coquinas with ' fish remains, stromatolitic beds and wood remains are found in the Pedra de Fogo. Formation sediments. The lithologies indicate a shallow, restricted, marine environment ' with two transgressions phases separated by a regression phase. The lateral facies changes reflect the sedimentary dynamism and suggest that the marine environment progressed from a transitional, deltaic to shallow neritic one. The main source areas of the clastic sediments and some of the sílica are, located in the northestern to the southern parts of the Basin and derived ' from the Borborema and São Francisco Provinces rockes. The Tocantins and. Tapajós Provinces to the west and southest have supplied material also. The climate during the Pedra de Fogo sedimentation has varied from moderate to arid as a consequence of the northward South American continent slow migration. The Maranhão had tectonic stability during the Permian. The marine in cursions took place from west, through the Amazonas Basin. Besed on the cyclothemes thickness, it seems that the Pedra de Fogo sedimentation occured from the water level oscilations in the Basin, which had also motivated the transgressions and regressions phases and whose origin should be related to the climatic changes during the Permian time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo sedimentológico dos sedimentos Barreiras, Ipixuna e Itapecuru no nordeste do Pará e noroeste do Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1981-06-24) GÓES, Ana Maria; TRUCKENBRODT, Werner Hermann Walter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5463384509941553
Barreiras, Itapecuru and Ipixuna are exposed in large regions of Pará and Maranhão State. The Barreiras sedimente are divided in conglomeratic, sandy clay and sandy lithofacies. Textural imaturity and abundant mud-s.upported clastics in particular, suggest depositions mainly by debris flows under semiarid conditions. The three lithofacies were probably derived from Precambrian schists of Santa Luzia Formation and preexisting sedimente. The Itapecuru sedimenta consist of crossbedded sandstones, locally with minor conglomerates and mudstones, deposited in fluvial environment, probably tending to a semiarid conditions. The Ipixuna facies consiste of crossbedded kaolinitic sandstones, minor mudstones (lithology A) and laminated mudstonefine sandstone units including thick kaoline layers (lithology B). The fine sandstones are texturally and mineralogically mature. Lacustrine-fluvial origin is proposed for Ipixuna facies. The impoverished heavy-mineral assemblage and thick kaoline-layers suggest humid hot climate that probably prevailed before (during?) the Ipixuna sedimentation. Textural and structural characteristics of the sedimente studied show that there is a olear difference between Barreiras Group and Ipixuna facies and that the latter is correlated with the Itapecuru Formation. Bauxitization of lower Tertiary age affected only the Ipixuna and Itapecuru sedimentary rocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução geológica da região de Tucuruí - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1982-05-27) MATTA, Milton Antonio da Silva; HASUI, Yociteru; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3392176511494801
The northern part of the Araguaia Belt is exposed in the Tucuruí region and their stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic and magmatic features had been studied aiming at contributing for the understanding of the geological evolution of the area. The oldest stratigraphic unit of the area is represented by the Xingu Complex, composed by gneisses and granitos and subordinated schists and anphibolites. These rocks show evidence of a polycyclic metamorphic and structural history. Over this unit, during the niddle Proterozoic, the Tucuruí Group was developed. The bottom of this unit is composed by a sequence of tholeiitic basal-tic flows which were hera enclosed in the Caripé Formation. The Morrote Formation, is made up of graywackes, and constitutes the upper part of the Tucurui Group. The geossinclinal evolution of the Araguaia Belt took place during the Uruaçuano Cycle. This geotectonic unit is represented in the studied area by the Couto Magalhães Formation (Tocantins Group) which comprises pelitic and psamitic metasediments. These rocks show a greenshist facies metamorphism and structures generated by two phases of deformation in conditions of lower structures level. After the metamorphism of the Araguaia Belt, the Couto Magalhães Formation acted as the place of mafic and ultramafic intrusion and, lately, the Tucuruí Fault thrusted the metamorphic rocks of the Tocantins Group over the Tucuruí Group lithotypes. This faulting, besides generating a. series of structural features in the both groups as well as in the later migmatites, has also induced a dynamic metamorphic event into the rocks under green-schist facies conditions. Through the statistic treatment of structural data from the denso fault population which cuts the area, it was possible to deduce the shertening and the eterlding directiors related to the progressivo deformation induced by the thrust faulting had acted from E to W. Post-faulting mafic dykes represent the last magmatic event related to the Mesozoic Era. During the Cenozoic the area was a place of Tertiary sedimentation (Barreiras Formation), with sand, clays and conglomeratic levels. A final reactivation was responsible for the fracturing and faulting showed by the Barreiras Formation lithotypes Quatérnaty deposits mostly alluvial sediments, are the final units of the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução paleogeográfica, durante o cenozóico, da região de Bragança, NE do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-02-28) ALMEIDA, João Revelino Caldas de; BORGES, Mauricio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228; COSTA, João Batista Sena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0141806217745286
The main morphologic features of northeastemn Para State are strongiy related to middle Cenozoic extensional tectonics which is responsible by the Gondwana break up resulting in the formation of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean and of the passive margin. The area is included in the Bragança-Viseu Basin, which evolved from the extensional tectonics incidence on the northeastem of the Para State since the Upper Jurassic. During the Miocene this area underwent transtensional tectonics that generated NW-SE normal faults and E-W and NE-SW dextral strike-slip faults. This tectonic event formed large subsided areas and corridors that facilitated transgression towards the continent since 150 km from the present coastline. This transgression originated the carbonatic sequence included in the Pirabas Formation, deposited in areas with drainage systems typical of subsided regions. Some areas remained emerged during the transgression. In the Bragança-Viseu Basin the sediments of Pirabas Formation are scarce, which suggest presence of a structural high blocking the transgression of the “Pirabas Sea”. The occurrence of limestone towards the south of Bragança suggest a cost line characterized by bay heads and promontories facing northwest. On the basis of geophysics interpretation, it was demonstrated in the Bragantina region the absence limestone towards the main depocenter of the Bragança-Viseu Basin. Therefore in this area, there are only occurrence of Precambrian rocks overlaid by Quaternary sediments (debris flows) included in the Post-Barreiras sequence.. The landscape has not change since Miocene - Pliocene, as can be demonstrated by the colinas relief. The geologic data suggest that the landscape evolution is controlled by structures related to the transtensional event.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução tectono-estrutural da região de Dianópolis-Almas, SE do estado de Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1993-12-17) BORGES, Maurício da Silva; COSTA, João Batista Sena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0141806217745286
Several geological sequences of rocks with distinct ages of evolution were mapped in the Dianopólis-Almas region (southwestern part of the State of Tocantins) in the Brasília block: an extensive segment of an Archean-Lower Proterozoic granite-greenstone terrain, Proterozoic metasediments of the Bambuí Group, Cretaceous continental deposits of the Urucuia Formation, colluvial and alluvial (partially lateritized) and Holocenic fluvial-lacustrine deposits. The granite-greenstone terrains include several strands of supracrustal rocks (Riachão do Ouro Group) and granitoid bodies (Serra do Boqueirão Suite), both developed over migmatized tonalitic gneisses, granulites and amphibolites of the Alto Paranã Complex. The Riachão do Ouro Group is composed of phyllite, schist, meta-rhyolite, meta-dacite, iron formation, quartzite, metaconglomerate and breccia; phyllite, schist and metavolcanic rocks are the dominant lithologies. The Serra do Boqueirão Suite includes granitoids of tonalitic, trondhjemitic, granodioritic and granitic compositions, which were strongly deformed in the border zones and cut by pegmatite and aplite veins. All there lithological units underwent ductile deformation which formed an anastomosed pattern of N10-20E, N45E, and N55W transcurrent shear zones. Along the shear zones there are asymmetric or symmetric transpressive duplexes alternating with straigth segments. These structures can be seen extensively developed at supracrustal rock-granitoid boundaries and are characterized by mylonitic foliation parallel to the tectonic layering; other structures are represented by internal duplexes, shear bands, pods of less deformed rocks, extensional cleavage of C' type (crenulation cleavage) and brittle-ductile shear zones expressed by dilatation structures (tension gashes). The stretching lineation is defined by rods of quartz, axes of agregates of elliptical minerais and elongated micas. Dextral sense of shearing is determined from kinematic criteria. Microfabric investigation suggest that the deformation was accommodated mainly by crystal plasticity and the crystallographic shape fabrics confirm the dextral sense of shearing. Only the N55W shear zones underwent sinistral movement. The observed sets of structures is interpreted as linked to a N20E dextral strike-slip system and, in this case, the N10-20E, N45E, N25W and N55W zones correspond respectively to Y, R, P and R' zones. The Archean-Lower Proterozoic evolution is understood in terms of an oblique collision of continental segments which uplifted the granulitic rocks and was followed by transtension regime which originated several basins in where the supracrustal rocks of the Riachão do Ouro Group were deposited, and the granitoids of the Serra do Boqueirão Suite were emplaced. The progressive deformation involved transpression characterized by ductile shear zones. The Middle to Upper Proterozoic is represented by the Bambuí Group which includes slates, metasiltites, phyllites and carbonate rocks. The tectonic structures linked to the São Francisco Basin inversion in the Upper Proterozoic, are represented by N-S oblique thrusts and NE-SW lateral ramps. During the Mesozoic (Upper Cretaceous) the Alto Sanfranciscana Basin was filled by continental sediments of the Urucuia Formation. The lithostratigraphic sequence is composed of the following lithofacies: 1) conglomeratic facies which represents residual paviments of.deflation and in part interdune deposits and wadifans related to an intermittent drainage system; 2) sandstone facies formed by ortoquartzite, arkose and subarkose which constitute wind deposits; 3) and stratified chert facies which represent chemical lacustrine deposits. The basin architecture includes also NNW-SSE listric normal faults and NE-SW transfer faults related to a N5OE extensional axis. During the Tertiary coluvial and aluvial deposits, which underwent lateritization as an immature profile, were formed. The Quaternary is represented by a lacustrine-fluvial sedimentary system. The drainage system is related to the basin of the Manoel Alves and Araguaia rivers, strongly controlled by NE-SW lineaments and associated to pull-apart structures linked to a dextral system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fácies e estratigrafia da parte superior da Formação Pedra de Fogo, Permiano da Bacia do Parnaíba, região de Filadélfia-TO
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-02) ANDRADE, Luiz Saturnino de; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Permian Pedra de Fogo Formation, which belongs to the Balsas Group of the Parnaíba Basin, northern Brazil, is characterized a siliciclastic-carbonate succession with expressive chert content, rare stromatolites and fossils of animals and plants, especially silicified trunks, mainly of the Psaronius genus. In order to emprove the stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental knowledgement of the upper portion of the Pedra de Fogo Formation, outcrop-basedm facies analysis was carried out in the Filadélfia region, State of Tocantins, Southwestern Parnaíba Basin. This study allowed the definition of a 100 m thick siliciclastic succession with subordinate occurrences of carbonate and evaporites. Twenty-five sedimentary facies grouped into six facies associations (FA) were identified: FA1-Lacustrine with ephemeral river deposits; FA2- Storm wave-influenced lake deposits; FA3-Continental sabkha deposits; FA4- Central lake deposits; FA5-Dune field deposits; and AF6-Lake/oasis deposits with inunditos. These associations indicate that during Permian, an extensive lacustrine system developed with adjacent dune fields and continental sabkha, as well as with contributions from ephemeral rivers. Which when debauching into the lakes provide the formation of suspension lobes and sheet flows (FA1). Sabkha plains (FA3) were formed in the marginal portions of the lake, eventually influenced by storm waves (FA2), while the central zone was site of intense pelitic deposition (FA4). The low supply of wind-blocon sand led to the formation of restricted dune fields (FA5) with development of interdune lakes (oasis), where giant ferns, sporadically flooded by ephemeral rivers (FA6). The predominanc of smectite and the lack of kaolinite as well as the ocorrence of evaporites in the Association AF3 support the facies data that the apper part of the Pedra de Fogo Formation was laid during a hot and arid climate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fácies e proveniência de depósitos costeiros da Formação Raizama: evidências do registro Ediacarano-cambriano na faixa Paraguai, região de Nobres, Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-10) SANTOS, Hudson Pereira; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
Siliciclastic rocks from the Raizama Formation, a basal unit of the Alto Paraguai Group, from the Ediacaran-Cambrian interval (635-541 Ma), is discontinuously occur distributed along the southern margin of the Amazonian Craton within the Paraguay Fold Belt northern segment, west-central of Brazil, Mato Grosso state. This Group unconformably overlies carbonate shelf deposits of the Araras Group, where evidence of Marinoan glacial event (635 Ma) was recorded. The Alto Paraguai Group represents the final stages of the collision between the Paranapanema and Amazonian blocks, leading to the closure of the Clymene Ocean (540-520 Ma). The Raizama Formation is approximately 570 m of thickness and is composed by mudstone, fine to coarse sandstones, and sandstones with dolomitic cement previously interpreted as fluvial-coastal deposits distributed in the lower member (270 m) and upper member (300 m). The facies and stratigraphic studies of this unit in the Nobres region, Mato Grosso state, were mainly focused on the outcropping section of 600 m in the bed of Rio Serragem II, which includes the Serra do Tombador waterfall. In this stratigraphic section, 17 sedimentary facies were described and grouped into five facies association (AF), representative of a progradational coastal sequence beginning with lower shoreface deposits, overlying in correlative conformity the shelf carbonate deposits of the Serra do Quilombo Formation (Araras Group). The AF1 facies consists of sandstones with planar lamination and wave-ripple cross-lamination (microhummocky), individualized by layers of laminated pelite interpreted as lower shoreface deposits. It stands out in the AF1 the first occurrence of centimetric bioturbed levels of Skolithos in Neoproterozoic-Cambrian deposits in the Paraguay Belt. The AF2 facies is composed by sandstones with swaley cross-stratification and plane bedding interpreted as upper shoreface deposits. The AF3 facies is composed by sandstones with tangential and trough cross-stratification with drapes of siltstone/very fine sandstone representative of channel and subtidal bars deposits. The AF4 facies is characterized by sandstones with tangential and sigmoidal cross-stratification, planar to low angle cross-lamination, rhythmites very fine sandstone/siltstone with flaser bedding and mudcracks, organized in metric tidal flat shallowing upward cycles. The AF5 facies is comprised of sandstone with trough cross-bedding characterized by common lags at the base of the association, sandstone with planar to low-angle cross-stratification, interpreted as distal braided rivers, in part reworked by waves. Detrital zircon grains were obtained from AF3 and dated by U-Pb method, resulting in an age 1001±9 Ma interpreted as the age of the maximum deposition of Raizama Formation. Combined with this analysis, the NE-SE paleocurrents show that source area of these sediments would be the Sunsas Fold Belt, SW of the Amazonian Craton not being discarded contributions coming from the NW part of this Craton. The obtained Mesoproterozoic age has predominantly served to unravel the provenance of Raizama Formation. Whereas dating from the base of Araras Group, around 627-622 Ma, associated with the clear presence of the ichnogenus Skolithos, suggests that the age of this unit is closer to the limit with the Lower Cambrian. Trace fossils from the Proterozoic are characterized almost exclusively by horizontal traces, while vertical bioturbation are virtually absent throughout the Neoproterozoic. This inference is confirmed by the maximum age of 541 Ma obtained for Diamantino Formation, which overlies the studied unit. The radiometric data combined with paleoenvironmental interpretation, including the record of the first burrowing activities in Paraguai Fold Belt, opens up perspectives to understand in greater detail the sequence of events that typify the Ediacaran-Cambriam boundary strata of Brazil, still poorly known.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fácies, petrografia e geoquímica da Formação Codó neo-aptiano, bacia de São Luís - Grajaú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) PAZ, Jackson Douglas Silva da; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136; ROSSETTI, Dilce de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0307721738107549
The Codó Formation is an important geological unit in Brazil, representing the only record of Neoaptian rocks exposed along the Brazilian equatorial margin. This unit consists of bituminous black shales, limestones and evaporites, which are particularly well represented in the south and east margins of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, around the towns of Codó and Grajaú, State of Maranhão. These areas were investigated in order to: 1. improve the depositional system, discussing the hypothesis that the Codó Formation was produced in a lacustrine setting; and 2. reconstruct the paleohydrological conditions with basis on the integration of facies, stratigraphy, petrography and isotope (C, O,Sr and S) data. Hence, the field data presented herein confirmed a lacustrine system for the Codó area, where prevailed stable, well-stratified, saline lakes characterized by periods of closure, anoxia and salt precipitation in the central saline lakes. On the other hand, ephemeral conditions with development of a sabkha/saline pan complex prevailed in the Grajaú area, where salts precipitated mostly in the marginal portions of the system (i.e., marginal saline pans and mudflats). Studies focusing facies and stratigraphy also revealed that in both areas the Codó Formation is arranged into several shallowing-upward cycles formed by progradation of marginal into central lake deposits. Three types of cycles were distinguished, referred to here as lower, intermediate and higher rank cycles. The lower rank cycles correspond to millimetric interbeddings of: a) bituminous black shale and evaporite; b) bituminous black shale and calcimudstone; c) bituminous black shale and peloidal wackestone-packstone; d) grey/green shale and calcimudstone; e) grey/green shale and peloidal wackestone-packstone; f) grey/green shale and ostracodal wackestone/grainstone; h) ostracodal wackestone/grainstone and/or calcimudstone with cryptomicrobial mats and ooidal/pisoidal packstone. These are attributed to seasonal deposition with basis on their regular nature forming very thin cycles resembling varves. The intermediate rank cycles average 1.7 m thick and are formed by complete and incomplete cycles. Complete cycles show an upward transition from central to intermediate and then marginal facies associations, and include two types: C1 cycles with central lake deposits consisting of evaporites and black shales; and C2 cycles with central lake deposits formed by gray/green shale. Incomplete cycles are those formed by successions lacking at least one of the facies associations, consisting of either central and intermediate lake deposits (cycles I1) or intermediate and marginal lake deposits (cycles I2). The higher rank cycles average 5.2 m thick and consist of four depositional units, which display shallowing-upward successions formed by both complete and incomplete, intermediate rank cycles that vary their distribution upward in the section, and are bounded by sharp surfaces. Unit 1, the lowermost one, averages 2.7 m in thickness, being entirely composed by thin I1 cycles. Unit 2 averages 5.2 m thick, and displays all of the aforementioned intermediate cycles, especially complete ones. Unit 3, averaging 2.6 m thick, consists of 80% of cycles I2. Finally, unit 4, which averages 2.2 m in thickness, displays only incomplete cycles, though its uppermost part was not preserved due to erosion during the development of the Aptian sequence boundary. The detailed sedimentological characterization and the stratal stacking patterns of the intermediate and higher rank cycles support a genesis linked to syn-sedimentary tectonic activity, particularly suggested by high facies variability, limited lateral extension, as well as frequent and random thickness changes of the intermediate-rank cycles. Additionally, the matching between the four higher rank cycles with four stratigraphic zones having different styles of soft-sediment deformation structures previously described in the literature as resulting from seismic activities, is a further argument to corroborate this interpretation. Therefore, the several episodes of lake shallowing recorded in the intermediate and higher rank cycles of the Codó Formation are attributed to fluctuations in the lake water level, triggered by seismic pulses alternating with sediment deposition. The petrographic analysis of the evaporites from the Codó Formation allowed to better defining both the lake-sabkha-saline pan depositional system and the post-depostional histories. Seven evaporite morphologies were recognized: 1. chevron (selenite) gypsum; 2. nodular/lensoidal gypsum/anhydrite; 3. acicular gypsum; 4. mosaic gypsum; 5. brecciated gypsum/gypsarenite; 6. pseudo-nodular anhydrite/gypsum; and 7. rosettes of gypsum. Despite of this large variety of evaporite phases, the chevron gypsum, the nodular/lensoidal gypsum/anhydrite and the brecciated gypsum/gypsarenite record the preservation of primary features. The association of these morphologies with deposits displaying cyclic horizontal bedding, attributed to lake level fluctuations eventually culminated with subaerial exposure, reinforces this interpretation. Even acicular gypsum and mosaic gypsum, which replaced the chevron and brecciated gypsum/gypsarenite, respectively, formed under the influence of the depositional surface. Burial phases of gypsum are only recorded in the pseudo-nodular anhydrite/gypsum, attributed to salt mobilization induced by halokinesis. In addition, rosettes of gypsum, which crosscut the other evaporite morphologies, diagenetic in origin, have probably formed as the latest evaporite phase of the study area, under the influence groundwater and/or surface weathering. In the present research, isotope studies aiming paleoenvironmental purposes were motivated by both confirmation of strong depositional influence for at least great part of the evaporites from the Codó Formation (i.e., primary and eodiagenetic gypsum), and the low diagenetic modification recorded for the limestones. Results of these approaches show that expansion/contraction cycles in both studied areas were accompanied by significant changes in isotope values. The wide dispersion of Sr and S isotope data within individual depositional cycles reinforces the lack of significant diagenetic modification as suggested by the petrographic analysis, and confirms the utility of these isotopes as environmental tools. Additionally, a non-marine brine source is suggested by 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.707824 to 0.709280, which are higher than those from late Aptian seawater (i.e., between 0.70720 and 0.70735). The δ34S varies from 16.12 to 17.89 %o(V-CDT) in the Codó area, which is also in disagreement with late Aptian marine values (ranging from 13 to 16 %o(V-CDT)). Both geochemical tracers were influenced by facies characteristics, and thus a model is provided where expansion of saline pan/lake systems led to decreasing 87Sr/86Sr values due to the inhibition of the 87Sr from clay minerals originated during the internal draining of mudflats. During expansion peaks, the 87Sr/86Sr values were lower due to submergence of mud flats and introduction of external 87Sr-depleted waters related to weathering of Permian to Neocomian marine limestones and evaporites, as well as Triassic to Neocomian basaltic rocks. Furthermore, the sulphur isotope values decrease in the southern margin of the basin from 14.79 to 15.60 %o(V-CDT) probably due to increased evaporation in shallower water settings. While the studies of Sr and S isotopes emphasized the evaporites of the Codó Formation, the analysis of C and O isotopes were carried out on the carbonates. The data revealed a wide distribution of dominantly low δ13C and δ18O values, ranging from –5.69‰ to –13.02‰ and from –2.71‰ to –10.80‰, respectively. It was also observed that these ratios vary according to seismically-induced shallowing-upward cycles, in general becoming lighter in their bases, where central lake deposits dominate, and progressively heavier upward, where marginal lake deposits are more widespread. In addition to confirm a depositional signature for the analysed samples, this behavior led to introduce a seismic-induced isotope model. Hence, lighter isotope ratios appear to be related with flooding events promoted by subsidence, which resulted in the development of a perennial lake system, while heavier isotope values are related to ephemeral lake phases favored through uplift and/or increased stability. Furthermore, the results show that a closed lake system dominated, as indicated by the overall good positive covariance (i.e., +0.42 to +0.43) between the carbon and oxygen isotopes, though open phases are also recorded by negative covariance values of –0.36.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geologia, petrografia e geoquímica e suscetibilidade magnética do Granito Paleoproterozoico São João, Sudeste do Cráton Amazônico, Província Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-04) LIMA, Paulo Henrique Araújo; LAMARÃO, Claudio Nery; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6973820663339281
The São João granite (SJG) is an anorogenic batholith of circular form, with an area of approximately 160 km2, which cuts Archean units of the Rio Maria Granite-Greenstone Terrain, southeastern Amazonian Craton. It consists of four distinct petrographic facies: biotite-amphibole monzogranite (BAMG), biotite-amphibole syenogranite (BASG), amphibole-biotite monzogranite to syenogranite (ABMSG) and biotite monzogranite to syenogranite (BMSG). The SJG has a metaluminous to weakly peraluminous nature, FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) ratios varying from 0.94 to 0.99 and K2O/Na2O from 1 to 2, shows geochemical affinities with the intraplate granites, A-type granites of A2 subtype and ferrous granites, suggesting a crustal source for its origin. The SJG has higher contents of LREE compared to HREE and a sub-horizontal pattern for the latter. The negative anomalies of Eu rising from less evolved towards more evolved rocks (BAMG → BASG→ ABMSG→ BMSG). Magnetic susceptibility data (MS) allowed the identification of six populations with different magnetic characteristics, where the highest values of MS relate to the less evolved facies and the lowest to the more evolved facies. The comparison between SJG and the granite suites of the Carajás Province shows that it displays strong geological, petrographic, geochemical and MS similarities with the granites of the Serra dos Carajás suite, and may be preliminarily included in the same.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Grupo Águas Claras da Serra dos Carajás, Paleoproterozoico do Cráton Amazônico : fácies, litoestratigrafia e sequências deposicionais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-24) ARAÚJO FILHO, Roberto Costa; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Águas Claras succession constitutes a siliciclastic unit with 800 m thick approximately which occurs in the Carajás Basin, Northern Brazil. The evaluation of FD06 drill core of Serra dos Carajás revealed a complex stacking for this sucession, compound by four units denominated here of A, B, C and D formations. The facies analysis allowed the identification of nine lithofacies grouped in three facies associations (FA), representative of braided fluvial, marine and deltaic depositional systems. FA1 - braided river plain - consists of conglomerates with massive bedding and incipient cross stratification, as well as fine to coarse-grained sandstone with massive bedding, cross lamination, tabular and trough cross stratifications organized in metric fining upward cycles. FA2 - foreshore/shoreface - comprises deposits constituted by fine to medium-grained sandstone with low angle cross lamination, planeparallel lamination and massive bedding. FA3 - delta front - includes fine to medium-grained sandstone with sigmoidal cross bedding, cross lamination and massive bedding organized in cycles with coarsening upward tendency. The Formation A constitutes a braided fluvial AF1 deposits interbedded with coarse tuff levels that indicate subaerial volcanic events adjacent to fluvial system during lowstand systems tract. The Formation B is composed exclusively by braided fluvial AF1 deposits developed in lowstand systems tract. The Formation C comprises coastal deposits and marine environments of the AF2 foreshore/shoreface accumulated during transgressive systems tract. This unit also includes host strata of primary manganese mineralization. The Formation D is composed predominantly by braided AF1 fluvial deposits and subordinately by deltaic AF3 packages, developed in lowstand systems tract. The sandstones of these formations were classified as quartz-arenites partially altered by hydrothermalism, indicated mainly by recurrent chloritization throughout the sucession. The stratigraphic stacking of the unit suggests a sedimentation with progradational-retrogradationalprogradational tendency. This sedimentation is likely related to events of thermal (initial) and flexural subsidence, responsible for to generate the accommodation space and to develop the depositional systems. The formations of the Águas Claras Group are inserted in three third order depositional sequences, composed by different systems tracts that reflect Águas Claras sea level fluctuations during of Paleoproterozoic of the Carajás Basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paleoambiente da formação mosquito e a implantação do sistema desértico úmido da formação corda, jurássico superior, Centro-Oeste da Bacia do Parnaíba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) RABELO, Cleber Eduardo Neri; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Mesozoic was marked by significant geological changes, resulting of the Gondwana Orogeny uplifts, which propitiated the implantations of desertic systems concomitantly with expressive magmatic events. In the Parnaíba Basin, northeastern Brazil, these events are recorded in the Triassic Sambaiba Formation, and the Jurassic units, represented by basaltic flows, subordinated fluvial and eolian sandstones of Mosquito Formation and by fluvioaeolian deposits of Corda Formation. Outcrop- and core-based stratigraphic and facies analysis carried out in the Formosa da Serra Negra and Montes Altos regions, State of Maranhão, allowed the paleoenvironmental reconstitution of the Upper Mosquito and Corda formations. Additionally, we infer paleoclimate conditions for the westen-central portion of the Parnaíba Basin during the Jurassic. Were identified twenty sedimentary facies were grouped into five facies associations (FA) representing a volcanic plain deposits with sporadic fluvial and eolian sandstones (FA1- Mosquito Formation), succeeded by the installation of a wet desert system (AF2-AF5; Corda Formation). The volcanic plain (FA1) consists of basaltic flows interbedded with fine to coarse-grained sandstones (intertrap sandstones) composed of subangular to rounded grains of quartz, feldspars and volcanic glass fragments. The sandstones exhibit even parallel and low-angle cross stratifications, filling channel geometry or in tabular beds. Braided channel deposits (FA2) consist of polymictic conglomerates, with subrounded to angular pebbles and granules of basalt, and sandstone with massive bedding and trough cross-bedding. The sandy sheets (FA3) were divided into two architectural elements (AE), the first (AE1) is composed by thin and coarse grained sandstone whit adhesion lamination, adhesion warts, wind and water ripples marks, small-scale gutter cast and load cast structures. The dune field (FA4) is characterized by fine to medium-grained sandstone, with rounded grains, displaying small to medium-scale planar and tangential cross stratification of small to medium size, even parallel and cross laminations, even parallel stratification and subcritically climbing translatent strata. Fine to medium sandstone, moderately selected, beds with rip-up clast, curled mud flakes, flaser bedding and locally massive bedding, are organized in centimetric shallowing upward cycles. In the upper portion of cycles occur iron oxide/hydroxide mottled horizon, bioturbações, root marks and mud cracks interpreted as wet interdune deposits. Suspension lobes deposites (FA5) consist of fine grained sandstones and massive mudstones forming complex cross stratification with low angle and even parallel lamination, wavy and flaser beddings. Kaolinite and iron oxide hydroxide are abundant in FA1 and FA2, and characterize the subaqueous environments, while the abundance of smectite in paleosoils of FA4 indicates semi-arid climate. In the Jurassic, the central western region the Parnaíba Basin, was affected by extensional tectonics with recurrent eruptions of basic lava flow along of fissures system. During the intervals without magmatic activity, sediments supplied of ephemeral rivers were distributed in sheet flow or filled depressions on the volcanic plain. The end of magmatic event was succeeded by implantation of the Corda desert formed by dune field and ephemeral fluvial channels (wadi) that reworked partly the volcanic plain deposits and sandy sheet setting. The Jurassic desent of Corda Formation was wetter and smaller than to the Perm-Triassic ergs (Sambaíba Formation), preceding the extensive and warmer and coastal systems in the Cretaceous of the Parnaíba Basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paleoambiente e proveniência da formação cabeças da bacia do Parnaíba: evidências da glaciação famenniana e implicações na potencialidade do reservatório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-10) BARBOSA, Roberto César de Mendonça; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The hydrocarbon prospection history of the Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin, northeastern Brazil, has been unfavorable when compared to the putatively large reservoirs of the Pré-Sal of the Coastal basins and the onshore Solimões Basin. However, the discovery of natural gas in the Devonian-Eocarboniferous siliciclastic deposits of the Canindé Group which include Pimenteiras, Cabeças and Longá formations, has motivated new research to improve the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic interpretations to understand the petroliferous system, the possible plays and the potenciality of the Upper Devonian Cabeças reservoir. Based-outcrop facies and stratigraphic analysis combined with detrital zircon geochronology allowed to interpret the paleoenvironment and the sedimentary provenance from Cabeças reservoir. Six facies association grouped in the succession with up to 60m thick, records the evolution of deltaic system influenced by glacial processes mainly in the top of the unit: 1) distal deltaic front, composed of massive mudstone and conglomerate, sandstone with massive bedding, even parallel lamination and sigmoidal cross-bedding; 2) proximal deltaic front, represented by sandstone with massive bedding, even parallel lamination and sigmoidal cross-bedding sandstone and massive conglomerate; 3) deltaic plain, consisting laminated mudstone, massive conglomerate, sandstone with massive bedding and trough cross-bedding; 4) glacial shoreface, composed by sandstone with rippled bedded and hummocky crossbedding; 5) subglacial deposits, which include massive diamictite, diamictite with sandstone pods and intraformational breccia; and 6) melt-out deltaic front, consisting of sandstone with massive bedding, even parallel lamination, climbing ripple-cross lamination and sigmoidal cross-bedding sandstone, as well as, deformed sandstone. In the Fammenian (374-359 Ma), a fluvial dominated deltaic front prograding to the NW (eastern border of the basin) and to the NE (western border of the basin) on a storm influenced platform (Pimenteiras Formation). In the eastern border of the basin, the paleocurrent pattern and the U-Pb zircon ages spectrum indicate that the Cabeças delta was fed by source lands located in the southeastern of the basin, probably in the Borborema Province. Mesoproterozoic (~ 1.039-1.009 Ma) and Neoproterozoic zircon ages are the most populous, differently of the grains with Archean (~ 2.508-2.678 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic (~ 2.054-1.992 Ma) ages. The youngest concordant zircon grain yielded a 206Pb/238age of 501.20 ± 6.35 Ma (95% concordant) indicating Cambrian source areas. The main sediments source of the Cabeças delta in the eastern border were provide of the Transversal Zone Domain and the Brasilian plutons of the crystalline basement found in the southeast of the Parnaíba Basin. Small contribution of sediments was derived from the Central Ceará and of the Western Rio Grande do Norte domains. In the Famennian, the migration of the Gondwana Supercontinent to the South Pole resulted in the implantation of the glacial conditions concomitant with the sea-level fall and exposure of the coastal region. The advance of the glaciers upon the basement crystalline rocks and deltaic deposits generated erosion, deposition of diamicton with exotic and faceted clasts, as well as, glaciotectonic strucutures such as foliation, boudins, folds, duplex, faults and fractures reflecting a brittle-ductile tangential shear. The unconsolidated and water saturated substrate had temperature slightly below to the melting point of ice (warm permafrost). Sporadic conglomerate lenses (dump structure) in shoreface deposits suggest an ice-rafted process due to icebergs during glacier retreat phase. The increase of the temperature in the Late Famennian reflects the dextral rotation of the Gondwana and South Pole migration from western portion of the South America and to the West Africa. The new paleogeographic configuration positioned the basin in subtropical latitudes initiating the glacier retreat and increase the influence of the isostatic rebound. The structures formed during pressure decrease were clastic sills and dykes, ball-and-pillow structures, beds disruption and intraformational breccia. Thrust faults associated with foliated diamictites in the western border of the basin suggest glaciers migrating to the N-NE. The continuity of the sea-level rise propitiates the implantation of melt-out deltaic system and, afterwards, a transgressive platform (Longá Formation). Diamictites interbedded with deltaic front deposits in the Upper Cabeças Formation correspond intervals with low pore volume and can represent secondary stratigraphic traps in the reservoir. The subglacial primary anisotropies were found in the both borders of the Parnaiba Basin, extend the glacial influence and opens a new perspective about the heterogeneity and effective potentiality of the Cabeças reservoir from the Mesodevonian- Eocarboniferous petroliferous system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Rochas geradoras da Formação Guia, Neoproterozoico do sul do Cráton Amazônico, região de Cáceres e Nobres, estado do Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-24) BEZERRA JUNIOR, Alexandre Castelo Branco; SILVA JUNIOR, José Bandeira Cavalcante da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8615194741719443
Extensive epeiric seas installed in the western Gondwana at the Upper Neoproterozoic were influenced by the last global glacial Marinoan event (635 Ma) linked to the Snowball Earth hypothesis. The rapid change in icehouse for greenhouse conditions favored the development of wide carbonaceous platforms on the southeastern margin of the Amazonian Craton, in the context of the Intracratonic Basin, reversed at the beginning of the Paleozoic. In this region, the deposits of the Araras Group are exposed, which record the evolution of the post-glacial carbonaceous platforms. The Araras Group is composed, from the base to the top, by the Mirassol d'Oeste (cap dolomitic), Guia (cap limestone), Serra do Quilombo and Nobres formations. The Guia Formation, object of this study, has its base interpreted as limestone cap with up to 30 meters thickness in the occurrences on the Craton and platform deposits with up to 225 meters in the Intracratonic Basin. This unit consists of micritic limestones and transgressive shales rich in organic matter presenting excellent exposures in the regions of Cáceres and Nobres, State of Mato Grosso, consisting of the following facies/microfacies: limemudstone; wackestone with terrigenous; mudstone with intraclastic; and limestone breccia. This monotonous set of facies/microfacies was interpreted as a shallow marine platform paleoenvironment below the level of storm waves in the offshore zone under reducing conditions. Stilolytes and dissolution seams are common in Mc and Wt microfacies, as well as the presence of bitumen and pyrite filling inter-crystalline pores. The facies Wt presents a variation of terrigenous content of 5% to 35%, represented by grains of quartz and muscovite, both varying from silt to fine sand. The analysis of the quartz grains by cathodoluminescence indicate the origin of igneous and metamorphic sources from medium to high grade. The anomalous amount of terrigenous disseminated in the micritic facies, considered a textural inversion, suggests siliciclastic influx of margins close to the basin, consistent with a paleogeographic context of epeiric seas proposed by previous studies for the core of West Gondwana. The analysis of Total Organic Content (TOC) indicated in the outcropping succession in the region of Cáceres TOC values between 0.06% and 0.23%, while in the Nobres region, the deposits presented values between 0.05 and 0.27%, consistent with neoproterozoic accumulations around the world (generally less than 1%). This hydrocarbon accumulation, although economically irrelevant, composes an unconventional petroleum system called Araras. In such a way that the studied succession (Fm. Guia) constitutes the generating and reservoir rock of this system and the dolomites of the Serra do Quilombo Formation represent the sealing rock. At least two stages of hydrocarbon migration are recorded, associated to the tectonic events in the Upper Ediacaran and Early Paleozoic, with the opening of the Parecis and Paraná basins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sucessão siliciclástica paleoproterozóica associada ao depósito de manganês do Azul da Serra dos Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-21) COSTA, Franco Felipe Oliveira da; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Precambrian Manganese deposits of the Serra dos Carajás have been studied only in the Igarapé Azul Mine, mainly under geochemistry and mineral resources point view. Stratigraphically, previous work has included these deposits in the Archean Grão Pará Group that include volcanic rocks and banded iron formations or in the fine siliciclastics deposits of the Lower Member of the Paleoproterozoic Águas Claras Formation. Facies and stratigraphic analysis of this pelitic succession carried out in the Igarapé Azul Mine exposures and eleven cores that include the core number 706 of the Azul Manganese Project, dating to 2.1 Ga (age obtained by diagenetic pyrite), confirmed the Águas Claras Formation as host of the Manganese ore. Cores were distributed in a 25 km long SE-NW oriented section, which includes the plateau N4 (N4 Domain), the Azul Igarapé Mine (Azul Domain) and the outcrops in the Águas Claras River (Águas Claras Domain). In relation to the other segments, the Azul Domain is beheaded in the Carajás Fault, previously interpreted as an uplifted block. Despite the structural discontinuities, hydrothermalism and / or low degree of metamorphism (?), the sedimentary facies are preserved allowing the sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironmental interpretations. Two depositional successions were identified, separated by an unconformity. The lower succession include two facies associations (AF) representatives of marine platform settings: 1) offshore (AF1), characterized by intercalations of very fine sandstones with massive to laminated pelites, forming small-scale (a few cm) fining upward cycles, with scoured to flat base, interpreted as distal low density turbidite linked to the deceleration of turbulent flows; and 2) offshore-transition to shoreface (AF2) consisting in fine sandstone and manganesiferous siltstone with even parallel lamination and massive bedding, cross- and undulated laminated siltstones, low-angle truncated and pinch-and-swell laminations indicative of oscillatory and combined flows (storms). Carbonaceous pelite with total organic carbon content (TOC) up to 1% indicates predominantly anaerobic conditions. The medium- to coarse-grained sandstones of the upper succession (AF3) exhibit tabular (planar) and even parallel cross stratifications, with pelite and quartz pebbles in the foresets and bottomsets, represent the migration of bed forms during incision of braided channels on the marine platform. The primary Mn precipitation is associated with the oxide-hydroxide form through the oxidation of Mn+2 above the redox interface under favorable oxygenation conditions in the offshore transition-shoreface zone, simultaneously deposition of facies influenced by waves. Meter-scale coarsening upward cycles formed by Manganesiferous siltstone/Mn oxide laminae and siltstone/sandstone with wave structures suggest recurrence of Mn precipitation during the deposition of the Águas Claras Formation. It is possible that more consistent model for primary deposition of Mn in the Igarapé Azul Mine is related to the dominant precipitation of oxides-hydroxides on shallow marine platform at the offshore transition-shoreface zone, and a carbonate phase subordinate related to offshore zone. This provides a new perspective for the evolutionary understanding for Precambrian seas without correlation with modern analogues, in the Amazon Craton.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sucessão siliciclástica-carbonática neocarbonífera da bacia do Amazonas, regiões de Monte Alegre e Itaituba (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-14) LIMA, Hozerlan Pereira; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
Neocaboniferous deposits of Morrowanian age in the Amazon Basin, northern Brazil, characterize the transition zone between Monte Alegre (siliciclastic rocks) and Itaituba (carbonate rocks) formations. The outcrop-based facies and stratigraphic analyses of this up to 40m thick succession, exposed in the Monte Alegre and Itaituba regions, State of Pará, allowed the recognition of five facies associations (FA), representative of a transitional desertic to coastal system, comprising: eolian dune/interdune (FA1), sandy sheet/wadi (FA2), lagoon/washover (FA3), beach/tidal flat (FA4) and lagoon/tidal delta (FA5). FA1 contains bimodal fine to medium-grained sandstone with medium-scale trough cross-stratification, subcritically climbing translatent stratification and inversely graded lamination (dune deposits). Massive fine sandstones with root marks suggest development of paleosols, while adhesion warts indicate eolian grain migration on wet interdune surface. FA2 comprises fine to medium-grained sandstone with even-parallel stratification and subcritically climbing translatent stratification, related to deflation, while fine to medium-grained sandstone with tangential and recumbent-folded cross-stratification and convolute bedding suggest migration of high-energy ephemeral rivers. FA3 with laminated mudstone and fine-grained sandstone with climbing-ripple cross lamination, hosting the ichnofossil Palaeophycus, suggests a low-energy environment of lagunar/washover type. FA4 is characterized by fine to medium-grained sandstones with planar and low-angle cross-stratification, interbedded with lenticular dolomite, locally truncated by fine to medium-grained sandstones. These facies correspond to the zone of swash and backwash on beach environment, locally cut by small channels, while the carbonate is interpreted as precipitated in ponds. FA 4 also comprehends mudstones with mudcracks and mud curls as well as small to medium-scale planar cross-bedded sandstones with mud drapes lining foresets and reactivation surfaces, suggesting migration of sandwaves in intertidal zones. FA5 is represented by dolomitized limestones (mudstones, wackestones, packstones and grainstones) containing vuggy and moldic porosities. Bioclasts include brachiopods, echinoderms, foraminifers, ostracodes, bryozoans, trilobites, mollusks and non-fragmented corals, and furthermore the trace fossil Thalassinoides. Additionally, this facies association comprises conglomerates with pebbles of dolomitized limestones, fine-grained sandstones with low-angle cross-stratification and reactivation surfaces, locally overlaid by fine sandstones with sigmoidal cross-stratification and climbing cross-lamination, which were interpreted as tidal inlet and tidal delta deposits. The facies/microfacies associations and paleontological data presented here point to a lagoonal environment, connected in part to a coastal desert zone, and characterize the transition between Monte Alegre and Itaituba formations. The abundance of fine sands with rounded grains in carbonate facies is consistent with siliciclastic influx from the desert adjacent to coastal environment. Warm tropical conditions for the environments can be inferred from the limestones and their diverse fauna as well as from the clay minerals, principally smectite. The interbedding of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks which characterizes the end of the deposition of the Monte Alegre Formation and the beginning of the sedimentation of the Itaituba Formation justifies a unique system representation for this interval.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A transição neoproterozoico-eopaleozoico no Graben Pimenta Bueno, NW da bacia dos Parecis, estado de Rondônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-30) AFONSO, Jhon Willy Lopes; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Pimenta Bueno Graben (PBG) represents a sub-basin localized at northwestern portion of the Parecis Basin, established over the southwestern of Amazon Craton. The PBG is filled by a succession of siliciclastic rocks, and subordinately carbonate rocks with approximately 1000 m of thick on subsurface. The Paleozoic siliciclastic succession exposed in PBG overlay crystalline basement rocks and carbonatic-siliciclastic deposits which were previously considered as Paleozoic age. Outcrop-based facies and stratigraphic analysis around the cities of Cacoal, Pimenta Bueno and Espigão d'Oeste, Rodônia State, allowed the redescribing and redefinition of PBG basal units, previously included in the Cacoal and Pimenta Bueno formations. The Cacoal Formation unconformably overlies Precambrian crystalline basement rocks. This was redefined in two units: one homonymous, which was characterized by diamictite and sandstones, and another named Espigão d'Oeste Formation, interpreted as a Neoproterozoic cap carbonate, consisting of pinkish dolomite, dolomite-siltstone rhythmite and a thick siltstone sucession. Both units were inserted in the base of the Ediacaran, and related, respectively, to the glacial and post-glacial global Marinoan event (635 Ma) linked to the hypothesis of Snowball-Slushball Earth. These units belong to basement coverage of PBG, unrelated with the Paleozoic succession of the Parecis Basin. The pink dolomites were interpreted as Neoproterozoic cap carbonates unconformably overlain by Ordovician-Silurian Pimenta Bueno Formation. Twenty sedimentary facies grouped in eight facies associations (FA) have been interpreted as glacial-marine, carbonate and siliciclastic platform and coastal deposits. The glacio-marine deposits (AF1) of Cacoal Formation consist of diamictite containing faceted and striated clasts (blocks and pebbles of granite, gneiss, volcanic rock, phyllite, sandstone, pelite and chert), interbedded with fine- to medium grained sandstones, which consists of climbing ripple cross-laminated and rare dropstones. The cap carbonate includes two facies associations, AF2 and AF3. The AF2 consist pinkish finely laminated doloboundstones and dolomudstones/dolopackstones with abundant micro and macropelóides. This association was deposited in wave-influenced shallow marine platform grading towards the top to lagoonal dolostone/siltstone rhythmites (AF3). The δ13C values among - 3.66 to – 3.03 ‰ founded in AF2 and AF3 are typical of Marinoan cap carbonate. Eosilurian Pimenta Bueno Formation consists by massive diamictite and pelites with dropstones occurring interbedded with sigmoidal cross-bedded sandstone, punctually containing dump structure. This succession is organized in coarsening and thickening upward cycles interpreted as advance and retreat deposition of coastal glaciers and melt-out deltas (AF4). The post-glacial sea level rise allowed the installation of wave- and storm-influenced siliciclastic platform consisting by hummocky cross-stratified sandstone and laminated mudstones (AF5), as well as, shoreface deposits (AF6) indicated by swaley cross stratified fine- to medium-grained sandstone. Cross-bedded sandstone with mud drapes in the foresets and sandstone-pelite rhythmite suggest deposition in subtidal zone (AF7). Tidal processes in this facies indicate probable oceanic connection with Silurian sea almost devoid of glacial influence. Laminated mudstones and massive sandstone with cross lamination, locally bioturbated by Skolithos, organized in coarsening upward cycles indicate progradation of suspended lobes in lakes or restricted sea (AF8). The recurrence of glacial events in the studied succession indicates extreme climatic conditions of Snowball-Slushball Earth expanding for the more southwestern portion of Amazonian Craton during the Neoproterozoic. The glaciers returned to this part of Amazonia only in the end of Ordovician with important records in the Brazilian intracratonic basins.

Navegar

Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::GEOLOGIA::ESTRATIGRAFIA"