Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2603

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) surgiu em 1976 como uma necessidade de desmembramento do então já em pleno desenvolvimento Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas (CPGG), instalado ainda em 1973 nesta mesma Universidade. Foi o primeiro programa stricto sensu de Pós-Graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Geociências em toda Amazônia Legal. Ao longo de sua existência, o PPGG tem pautado sua atuação na formação na qualificação de profissionais nos níveis de Mestrado e Doutorado, a base para formação de pesquisadores e profissionais de alto nível. Neste seu curto período de existência promoveu a formação de 499 mestres e 124 doutores, no total de 623 dissertações e teses.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da geometria e cinemática das rochas sedimentares arqueanas da mina do Igarapé do Azul – Carajás-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-09-18) SILVA, Daniela Cristina Costa da; PINHEIRO, Roberto Vizeu Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3251836412904734
The Igarapé Azul Mn Mine is geologically situated along the Carajás Fault trace, in the central portion of the Carajás Strike-slip System. The Mn ore deposit is related to politic sedimentary rocks of the Azul Member on the basal portion of the Águas Claras Formation (Archaean). This unit overlain unconformably the Grão Pará Group (Nogueira et al., 1995). At present day three explotation pits are opened in the mine: (1) Main Mine (Mine 1); (2) Mine 2 and (3) Mine 3. In these locations excellent outcrops of siltstones intercalated with finegrained mudstones, sandstones and Mn-layers are exposed. These rocks are organized in folds and normal/reverse faults sets under heterogeneous deformation, partitioned in different scales. The geologic sections exposed in the mines show the dominance of siltstones intercalated with mudstones in contact with pelitic manganesiferous rocks and ore (Mn bioxide). Primary structures such as hummocky stratification, cross stratification and parallel laminations are common in these rocks. Bedding with thickness of centimeters to a few meters (30-50 cm) represents the main primary structure, used as the main deformation marker observed in rocks. The Igarapé Azul Mn Mine is divided into two blocks separated by normal fault with displacements of tens of meters, where the north block is up in relation to the south one. The south block is poorly deformed, with irregularities in bedding which dips at shallow angles towards south, subsequently positioning the ore layer in deeper levels at S direction. In the north block bedding shows heterogeneous behavior. Deformation is more expressive in this region, with the ore deformed by folds and reverse faults. Faults show vertical along-dipping kinematics with dextral conjugated displacements of oblique character. This region can be defined as a major strain corridor. The kilometer-scale corridor observed at the north block follows the NW-SE trend, in concordance with the main domains separated by the faults described above, characterized as curvilinear asymmetric folds with NW and SE shallow plunge axes (10º-25º). These folds are sectioned by sinuous NW-SE and/or E-W normal faults with shallow dips (10º-30º) associated with dextral strike-slip faults, which generate drag folds. Straight or sinuous NW-SE reverse faults and sub-vertical fault zones are observed. The individual folds in this area are flexural reverse structures with en echelon geometry and similar orientation to the curvilinear folds: shallow SE plunging axes. The features described above drawn a gentle kilometer-scale antiform, which results from bedding accommodation in response to the faulting deformation. The parallelism of the features observed in the Igarapé Azul Mn Mine and the main lineaments which drawn the Carajás Fault suggest a close relation between important deformational episodes occurred during the tectonic history of the Carajás Fault. Faults with normal kinematics associated to directional dextral component of displacement are the major exposures in the area and are related to the dextral transtensional episode responsible for installation of the Carajás Fault prior to 2.6 Ga (Pinheiro, 1997). Folds, thrust faults and subvertical fault zones would be related to deformation under sinistral transpressional regime; a second event responsible for the reactivation and tectonic inversion of most of the primary structures near the Carajás Fault zone (Pinheiro, 1997; Pinheiro e Holdsworth, 2000; Lima, 2002).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geocronologia 207Pb/206Pb, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb E 40Ar-39Ar do segmento sudeste do Escudo das Guianas: evolução crustal e termocronologia do evento transamazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-07-06) ROSA-COSTA, Lúcia Travassos da; LAFON, Jean Michel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4507815620234645
The southeastern portion of the Guiana Shield is part of a large Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt, with evolution related to the Transamazonian Orogenic Cycle (2.26 – 1.95 Ga). In this area, previous works defined distinct tectonic domains, named Jari, Carecuru and Paru, which present outstanding differences in terms of age, lithological content, structural pattern and geophysical signature. The Jari Domain is constituted of a granulite-gneiss-migmatite basement assemblage derived from Archean protoliths, and the Carecuru Domain is composed mainly of calc-alkaline rocks and metavolcano-sedimentary sequences, developed during the Transamazonian Event. The Paru Domain is an oval-shaped granulitic nucleous, located within the Carecuru Domain, formed by granulitic gneisses with Archean precursors and Paleoproterozoic charnockitic plutons. In this study, distinct geochonological methods were employed in rocks from the distinct domains, in order to define their tectonic meaning and crustal evolution processes during Archean and Paleoproterozoic times. Pb-evaporation on zircon and Sm-Nd on whole rock dating were provided on magmatic and metamorphic units from the Jari Domain, defining its long-lived evolution, marked by several stages of crustal accretion and crustal reworking. Magmatic activity occurred mainly at the Meso-Neoarchean transition (2.80-2.79 Ga) and during the Neoarchean (2.66-2.60 Ga). The main period of crust formation occurred during a protracted episode at the end of Paleoarchean and along the whole Mesoarchean (3.26-2.83 Ga). Conversely, crustal reworking processes have dominated in Neoarchean times. During the Transamazonian Event, the main geodynamic processes were related to reworking of older Archean crust, with minor juvenile accretion at about 2.3 Ga, during an early orogenic phase. Transamazonian magmatism consisted of syn- to late-orogenic granitic pulses, which were dated between 2.22 and 2.03 Ga. Most of the εNd values and TDM model ages (2.52-2.45 Ga) indicate an origin of the Paleoproterozoic granites by mixing of juvenile Paleoproterozoic magmas with Archean components. The new geochronological results, added to data from previous studies, revealed that the Jari Domain represents the southwestern part of the most expressive Archean continental landmass of the Guiana Shield, here defined and named Amapá Block. The recognition of an extended Archean block precludes previous statements that the Archean in the southeast of the Guiana Shield, was restricted to isolated remnants or inliers within Paleoproterozoic terrains. In the Carecuru Domain the widespread calc-alkaline magmatism occurred at 2.19-2.18 Ga and at 2.15-2.14 Ga, and granitic magmatism was dated at 2.10 Ga. Crustal accretion was recognized at about 2.28 Ga, in agreement with the predominantly Rhyacian crust-forming pattern of the Guiana Shield. Nevertheless, TDM model ages (2.50-2.38 Ga), preferentially interpreted as mixed ages, and εNd < 0, point to some participation of Archean components in the source of the Paleoproterozoic rocks. The lithological association and the available isotopic data registered in the Carecuru Domain, suggests a geodynamic evolution model based on the development of a magmatic arc system during the Transamazonian Orogenic Cycle, which was accreted to the southwest border of the Archean Amapá Block. In the Paru Domain, Neoarchean magmatism at about 2.60 Ga was produced by reworking of Mesoarchean crust, as registered in the Amapá Block. Crustal accretion events and calc-alkaline magmatism were recognized at 2.32 Ga and at 2.15 Ga, respectively, as well as charnockitic magmatism at 2.07 Ga. U-Th-Pb chemical ages in monazites from high-grade rocks of the southwestern part of Amapá Block, dated two main tectono-thermal events. The first one was revealed by the monazite ages of about 2.09 Ga and marks the age of the granulite-facies metamorphism. These data, added to petro-structural information, indicate that the granulite-facies metamorphism was contemporaneous to the development of a thrusting system associated to the collisional stage of the Transamazonian Orogeny. The later event was testified by monazite ages at about 2.06 Ga and 2.04 Ga, and is consistent with a late-orogenic stage marked by granitic emplacement and coeval migmatization of the Archean basement along strike-slip zones. Finally, 40Ar/39Ar geochronological study on amphibole and biotite from representative units of the Amapá Block and of the Carecuru Domain delineated contrasting cooling and exhumation stories. In the former amphibole vary from 2.13 to 2.09 Ga, and biotite ages range mainly between 2.10 and 2.05 Ga. In the later, amphibole and biotite ages are between 2.16 and 2.06 Ga, and 1.97 and 1.85 Ga, respectively. In the Amapá Block, fast cooling rates around 67 °C/m.y. and 40 °C/m.y indicate a tectonically controlled exhumation, related to collisional stages of the Transamazonian Event. Conversely, in the Carecuru Domain, regional cooling rates in the order of 3-2.3 °C/m.y. suggest slow cooling and gradual uplift, which is consistent with the magmatic arc model, where continental growth results mainly from lateral magmatic accretion, precluding significant tectonic crustal thickening.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geocronologia em zircão, monazita e granada e isótopos de Nd das associações litológicas da porção oeste do domínio Bacajá: evolução crustal da porção meridional da província Maroni-Itacaiúnas - sudeste do Cráton Amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-11-16) VASQUEZ, Marcelo Lacerda; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136
The Bacajá domain is located in the southeastern Amazonian craton and represents the southern part of the Maroni-Itacaiúnas province, which comprises Paleoproterozoic orogens and Archean blocks reworked during the Transamazonian cycle (2.2–1.95 Ga). This domain is composed of granitoids, charnockitic and supracrustal rocks, orthogneisses, migmatites, metaigneous granulites and high-grade metasedimentary rocks. The previous geochronological data denote reworking of Archean crust and formation of juvenile crust during the Transamazonian cycle. The present study was based on field work, petrography, isotope geochemistry and geochronology in order to identify the igneous and high-grade metamorphic events in the western part of the Bacajá domain and to discuss its crustal evolution. The previous geochronological data, plus new data on zircon (U-Pb SHRIMP and Pbevaporation) and Nd isotope data for the igneous and meta-igneous rocks of the lithologic associations from the study area allowed the identification and dating of magmatic events from Neoarchean to Orosirian times, with a climax of crust formation during the Rhyacian. The 2.67- 2.44 Ga orthogneisses and 2.45 Ga metavolcanoclastic rock remnants are related to the first event of crust formation in the western Bacajá domain marked by an accretion at ca. 2.7 Ga and contamination by Mesoarchean crust (ca. 3.0 Ga). A second event of accretion at ca. 2.5 Ga and reworking of Mesoarchean crust were identified in 2.36 Ga metavolcanic rocks and associated 2.34 Ga granitoids, respectively. They are probably related to the amalgamation of a late Siderian island arc to an Archean microcontinent. The 2.21-2.18 Ga granitoids with Neoarchean crustal sources (ca. 2.8 Ga) and 2.16-2.13 Ga granitoids formed by mixture of a 2.3 Ga juvenile component with Archean crustal sources are related to Rhyacian magmatic arcs that collided against an Archean-Siderian continent. This collision was marked by the formation of 2.10 Ga granitoids (syncollisional rocks ?), probably originated from sources related to late magmatic arc rocks, and of charnockitic rocks and granitoids of 2.09-2.07 Ga (post-collisional rocks) formed respectively by mixture of Ryacian crustal sources and the 2.3 Ga juvenile component and by melting of Archean crust (3.0-2.7 Ga). There are Orosirian magmatic events identified in 1.99 Ga granitoids, whose correlation with the Transamazonian cycle is controversial, and by the extensional magmatism of ca. 1.88 Ga. Both events have Neoarchean crustal sources (ca. 2.8 Ga), probably derived from the Bacajá domain. The high-grade metamorphic events and associated anatexis were identified in the metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks from the western Bacajá domain. However, the petrologic and geochronological studies focused only on the high-grade metasedimentary rocks. These rocks have dominantly Archean detrital sources (3.1-2.5 Ga) and were affected by Rhyacian metamorphic events preliminary constrained by Sm-Nd whole rock-garnet isochrones (2208- 2025 Ma), but there is little evidence suggesting the existence of a high-grade metamorphic event at 2.3 Ga, that could be related to the collage of the late Siderian island arc. High-grade Transamazonian metamorphism commenced with a 2147-2123 Ma migmatization event that took place under upper amphibolite facies P-T conditions and was preserved in zircon overgrowths and in the cores of monazite grains. This event could be related to the collision of the early Rhyacian magmatic arc against to a Neoarchean-late Siderian continent. An anatectic event at 2109 Ma was recorded on unzoned rims of zircon crystals, which is probably it related to the continental collision at 2.1 Ga that has been identified in the Transamazonian orogens of the French Guiana shield. Despite the formation of synchronous granitoids and charnockitic rocks during this collision, in the studied metapelites it was a modest anatexis. After that, a low pressure granulite facies metamorphism (4-6 kbar / 700-800 ºC) at ca. 2070 Ma was registered on monazite and zircon grains, followed by a possible Pb-loss event at 2057 Ma. The existence of coeval quartz diorite and charnockitic intrusions suggests underplating of mafic magma and crustal thinning during the post-collisional period. The igneous and metamorphic events of the western Bacajá domain are analogue to those identified in other Transamazonian domains of the Amazonian craton and South America. In global scale, the 2.1 Ga collage has been correlated to the collision of the paleoplates of eastern South America and western Africa that triggered the formation of a Paleoproterozoic supercontinent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geocronologia Pb-Pb em zircão e Sm-Nd rocha total da porção centro-norte do Estado do Amapá-Brasil: implicações para a evolução geodinâmica do setor oriental do Escudo das Guianas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-09-13) AVELAR, Valter Gama de; LAFON, Jean Michel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4507815620234645
The Guyana Shield is an extensive Paleoproterozoic domain whose main evolution is related to the Transamazonian orogenic event (2.2-1.9 Ga). However, registrations of on Archean history were obtained in metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Imataca Complex in Venezuela (>3.0 G a). The R b-Sr and S m-Nd ages, obtained for g ranulitic and o rthogneissic r ocks o f t he central area of the Amapá State (2.45 Ga and 3.0 Ga), are other evidences of the presence of Archean relics in that shield. The eastern Guyana Shield includes the Amapá State, in Brazil and French Guyana. This portion of the shield belongs to the Maroni-Itacaiúnas Province, considered a Paleoproterozoic mobile belt added to an Archean block (Central Amazonian Province), between 2.20 and 1.95 Ga. Recent works provide a model of the Transamazonian geodynamical evolution between 2.20 and 2.08 Ga for this part of the Guyana Shield. A first period is related to early- to middle-Transamazonian crustal growthing by magmatic accretion (2.20-2.13 Ga) and a second one consists of crustal recycling (2.10-2.08 Ga). The main geological units found in Amapá consist of Achean tonalitic orthogneisses, migmatites and granulites (3.1-2.6 Ga), Paleoproterozoic greenstones belts (2.26 Ga) and, predominantly, Transamazonian granitoids and orthogneisses, of calc-alkaline to syenogranitic composition. In the northern area, an age of 2.15 Ga was defined for a tonalite, while in the central region, migmatitic rocks are associated to a potassic magmatism which happened at 2.06 Ga. Felsic (1.76 Ga) and alkaline (1.68 Ga) post-Transamazonian intrusions have also been recognized in Amapá. In this work a set of 41 isotopic data was obtained by Pb-Pb on zircon (18) and Sm-Nd on whole rocks (23) methods for 25 samples of orthogneiss rocks, metassedimentary rocks and granitoids from central and north Amapá. These data permitted to bring new chronological references for some key units of Amapá and to establish a chronology of the thermo-tectonic events during the Transamazonian orogeny. The data also allowed to investigate the nature and extension of reworked Archean crust and newly accreted Paleoproterozoic crust in that part of the shield. In central Amapá, in the vicinity of Tartarugal Grande city, zircon crystals of felsic granulites yielded a Pb-Pb age around 2.6 Ga. Still in that area, Pb-Pb zircon age of 2053 ± 1 Ma was obtained for a charnockitic pluton. In the surroundings of Cupixi village, zircon crystals from a tonalitic gneiss defined an age of 2849 + 6 Ma, while ages ranging from 2.13 to 2.07 Ga was defined by the zircons of an associated granitic mobilized. Zircon crystals from a monzogranite gave a crystallization age of 2055 ± 6 Ma and ages up to 2.56 Ga for an inherited component. The Nd T(DM) ages for ali these rocks ranged between 2.70 Ga and 3.29 Ga. In northern Amapá, severa' syenogranites provided crystallization ages of 2107 + 2 Ma, 2098 ± 2 Ma and 2087 ± 3 Ma. However, for one syenogranite and an alkali-feldspar gravite the Pb-Pb zircon ages defined an interval of 2.13-2.05 Ga and 2.10-1.95 Ga, respectively. The latter grafite also presented zircons with an inherited component of 2.60-2.54 Ga. Zircons from a diorite, defined a Pb-Pb crystallization age of 2181 ± 2 Ma. The Nd T(DM) model ages for that group of rocks spread in the interval of 2.75 Ga to 2.18 Ga. At the border area with French Guyana, along the Oyapock river zircons of a syenogranite and of a gabbroic intrusion yielded crystallization ages of 2096 ± 2 Ma and 2099 ± 1 Ma, respectively. Pb-Pb data on zircons from a quartzite, associate to the Paramacá Group, gave ages between 3.19-2.77 Ga, for the sources of the sediments. Two main magmatic episodes were identified by the Pb-Pb zircon data. A calk-alkaline one (dioritic and tonalitic), early- to middle-Transamazonian between 2.18-2.14 Ga, is associated to magmatic accretion. Another alkaline-potassic magmatic episode, among 2.11-2.09 Ga, which prevails in northern Amapá, is characterized by transcurrent tectonics and crustal anatetic processes. The emplacement of a charnockitic pluton at 2.05 Ga, in the central Amapá, suggests a late-Transamazonian age for the high-grade metamorphism identified, in this same area, in granolithic rocks with Archean protolith (2.6 Ga). This high-grade event is related to the late-Transamazonian (2.07-2.06 Ga) UHT (ultra high temperature) event identified in Surinam. The post-orogenic regional cooling was registered by the K-Ar, Ar-Ar and Rb-Sr methods on minerais between 2.05-1.80 Ga. In central and northern Amapá, the Nd T(DM) model ages and Pb-Pb zircon ages indicate a main period of mantle-crust differentiation during Middle-archean, among 3.0-2.9 Ga, with possible relics of crust of up to 3.29 Ga. Two magmatic episodes were recognized, one at around 2.85-2.79 Ga, defined by the tonalitic gneisses of Cupixi, and the other at around 2.62-2.58 Ga, constituted by the igneous precursors of the Tartaruga) Grande granulites. These results confirm the presence of preserved Archean nuclei, with similar age to those of the Archean crust of the Carajás Province. However, for the latter area there is not an outstanding registration of a Neoarchean episode, among 2.62-2.58 Ga, suggesting that the Carajás Province behaved as a stabilized area, while the Archean crustal segment of the southeast of the Guyana Shield was reactivated at the end of Neoarchean. In the northern Amapá and at the border with French Guyana witness of an Archean crust are only registered in detrital zircons (3.19-2.77 Ga) of metassediments and as inherited zircons in Pelaoproterozoic granitoids and orthogneisses (2.6 Ga to 2.9 Ga). The Nd T(DM) rnodel ages among 2.75-2.40 Ga of the Paloproterozoic rocks (2.18-2.05 Ga), indicate a mixture between a revvorked Archean crust and a Paleoproterozoic juvenile crust in the source of these rocks. The Pb-Pb data and Sm-Nd ages obtained in this work coníĩrm a Transamazonian evolution for the Central and northern Amapá, similar to that of the French Guyana, in the period between 2.20-2.08 Ga. However, the geological evolution of Amapá differs from the evolution of French Guyana by the presence of reworked Archean crust and by the existence of a late- Transamazonian high-grade magmatic-metamorphic event. Three domains were recognized in southeast Guyana Shield. A northemmost domain, in French Guyana, displays simatic juvenile characteristics. The southemmost domain, in central Amapá, possesses ensialic characteristics, being fonned by midle- to neoarchean nuclei, reworked during Transamazonian orogeny. A transitional domain between those two domains has been identified in the north portion of Amapá. In French Guyana the limit between the transitional and simatic domains is probably WNW-ESE oriented, while the limit between the transitional and the Archean reworked domain is located nearby the at north of granolithic complex of the Tartarugal Grande region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geologia e geocronologia Pb-Pb em zircão e Sm-Nd em rocha total de granitóides da região de Santana do Araguaia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-04) CORRÊA, Lívio Wagner Chaves; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136
Previous studies consider the region of Santana do Araguaia (PA) is a continuation of the Granite-Greenstone Terrain of Rio Maria (TGGRM) age mesoarqueana (3.0 to 2.86 Ga) is therefore interpreted as belonging to the Carajas Province Central Province or Amazon, Amazon Craton. However, recent studies have provided valuable insights, based on new geochronological data by evaporation Pb zircon, a geological context different from those presented in previous studies, suggesting a reworking of Archean rocks during Transamazonic Event. In this context, the new proposal lithostratigraphic, structural data and geochronological data allowed individualize Domain Santana do Araguaia (DSA), independent of the Carajas Province, in the case of another segment of the Amazonian Craton consists of deformed granitoids, gneisses, migmatites and sequences supracrustal with strong structuring seconds NW-SE direction, this area was included in the province or the province Transamazonas Maroni-Itacaiúnas. The area faces east and north with TGGRM in the west to the Domain Iriri Xingu basin and south with the Araguaia Belt and Parecis. Despite the more recent work performed, Domain Santana do Araguaia is still a little known sector of Pará territory, the existing geochronological data are restricted and were obtained through systematic Rb-Sr and K-Ar in the northeastern state of Mato Grosso and correlated with rocks of the DSA. But at the Para's DSA, only two units (orthogneiss Rio Campo Alegre and Rio Eighteen Tonalite) were preliminarily dated by Pb-Pb method on zircon, lacking thus confirming and expanding to other units in the region, such as Complex Santana do Araguaia greater expressiveness in the area. Also noteworthy was the lack of Sm-Nd isotopic data in this area. In this sense, the real meaning of DSA was not yet understood, because, among other facts, the information gap geochronological, to clarify the relationship between units of DSA with those of TTGRM. Considering these issues, the main objectives of the study are aimed to: a) determine the age of the protoliths of the rocks in the area, to identify lands that are Archean and Paleoproterozoic, using the Pb-Pb method (evaporation) in single crystal of zircon; b ) determine the age of the events of continental crust formation method using the Sm-Nd (whole rock); c) discuss the stratigraphic and chronological rocks to establish the evolution of the southeastern sector of the Amazonian Craton. In field studies were studied nineteen outcrops, whereas petrography and modal analyzes were performed on fourteen samples of rocks (2000 dots / thin section) that were plotted in diagrams QAP and Q-(P + A)- M 'focussed fields of monzogranites, granodiorite and tonalite and individualized in five lithotypes: Biotite monzogranite; Biotite Metagranodiorito; Hornblende-Biotite Granodiorite; Hornblende-Biotite Tonalite Metatonalito and Orthopyroxene. The last two lithotypes were first identified in the region. From a structural standpoint, the foliated biotite Metagranodiorito presents with EW direction, coincident with the regional trend of TGGRM, while the hornblende-biotite foliation have metatonalites following the NW-SE direction, with subvertical dips usually not matching the regional behavior. Microstructural analyzes identify deformation features in minerals such as wavy extinction, kink band, formation of subgrains and dynamic recrystallization. The lithotype Biotite monzogranite is isotropic and hornblende-biotite granodiorite and tonalite Orthopyroxene have only an incipient orientation of its plagioclase crystals, visible only under microscopic observation. Geochronological studies Pb-Pb zircon form performed in six samples and analyzes were made only five Sm-Nd (whole rock) using the spectrometer Finnigan Mat 262 and MC-ICP-MS Neptune, respectively, at the Laboratory of Isotope Geology (Para- iso) of the Federal University of Pará estuos The results of the different rock types are: Biotite Metagranodiorito 3066 ± 3 Ma (ML-04) and 2829 ± 13 Ma (ML-20), hornblende-biotite Metatonalito 2852 ± 2 Ma (ML- 17): Biotite monzogranite from 2678 to 2342 Ma (ML-08): Hornblende-Biotite Granodiorite 1990 ± 7 Ma (ML-16): Orthopyroxene Tonalite and 1988 ± 4 Ma (ML-13). Although Biotite monzogranite has not indicated precise age, the field data indicate a relationship in Biotite Metagranodiorito intrusive. In the case of Sm-Nd analyzes (whole rock) was selected the following samples that follow with their respective age-TDM Model: ML-04 = 3.14 Ga, ML20 = 2.91 Ga, ML-17 = 3 07 Ga; ML-16 2.68 ML-13 and Ga = Ga 2.35. The Sm-Nd isotopic data suggest that if they represent mixtures of magmas, possibly around 3.14, 3.07, 2.91, 2.68 and 2.35 Ga was extraction of magma from the mantle to the crust. Structural studies on macro and microscale feature the installation of a ductile shear zone, transcurrent character, with NW-SE direction, possibly sinistral, located in the eastern portion of the area, which mainly affected the lithotype Hornblende-Biotite Metatonalito. However, this deformation pattern is not observed in the central-southern area nor in the northern portion), where are located the areas of older rocks, which have approximately EW direction of foliation. Analyzing the ages of crystallization of the samples ML-04, ML-17 and ML-20 (3066 ± 3 Ma to 2829 ± 13 Ma) and model ages (3.14 to 2.91 Ga), the values are similar to those reported TTGRM the rocks, leading to the interpretation that the DSA is possibly a continuation of TTGRM southwest. Moreover, the results geochronological sample ML-16 and ML-13 (1990 ± 1988 ± 7 Ma and Ma 4) indicate a newest magmatism of paleoproterozoic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geologia e petrogênese do “Greenstone Belt” identidade: implicações sobre a evolução geodinâmica do terreno granito - “Greenstone” de Rio Maria, SE do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1994-10-07) SOUZA, Zorano Sérgio de; DALL'AGNOL, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158196443144675
This thesis deals to the geology and petrogenesis of the Identidade greenstone belt, located between Xinguara and Rio Maria towns, SE of Pará state. The data of this area permitted the discussion of the tectonic evolution of the gravite greenstone terrain of the Rio Maria region in the context of the Província Mineral de Carajás, SE of the Amazonian craton. The greenstone studied compose a synformal belt in the WNW-ESE direction, corresponding to one metavolcanic pile, formed predominantly by ultramafic schists (UM), basalts (BAS) and gabbros (GB) at the base, and hypabyssal dacitic rocks (DAC - ca. 2.94 Ga, Pb/Pb) at the top. The whole was intruded by metaplutonic rocks of Mesoarchean ages, the older one being quartz diorites, followed successively by granodiorites, trondhjemites / tonalites and leucogranites. The gneissic basement (GN - outcroping toward north and recognized for having an older fabric Sn-1/D1), the greenstone and the metagranitoids were intruded by hypabyssal rhyolitic (ca. 1.60 Ga, Rb/Sr) and basic dykes at the end of the Paleoproterozoic. The greenstone presents igneous structures and textures still recognized, although obliterated near the contacts with the metagranitoids and shear zones. The ultramafics occur as tremolitites, tremolite - talc schists and talc schists; the amphibole is very elongated and thin, commonly in parallel arrays, interpreted as ghosts of spinifex textures. The basalts are massive or pillowed and frequently variolitic. They show different degrees of recrystallization, with some relicts of hyalophitic, pilotaxitic and traquitoid textures. Clinoamphibole (actinolitic hornblende), epidotes and plagioclase (albite - andesine) are the most abundant minerais. The gabbros may be massives to porphyritics (plagioclase phenocrysts), still with some relicts of subophitic and granophyric textures. The dacites are porphyritic, with phenocrysts of quartz and plagioclase (oligoclase), besides hornblende and mafic clots (biotite, chlorite, opaque minerais, epidotes, sphene, apatite) in the less evolved samples. Concerning the metagranitoids, the leucogranites and trondhjemites have chloritized biotite, whereas the granodiorites and some tonalites comprise biotite or biotite + hornblende (also in quartz diorites). The greenstone and the metagranitoids were affected by one event of heterogeneous, ductile deformation, that evolved to mylonitic zones. The structural framework of the area is marked by a planar fabric (Sn//Sm/D2) in the WNW-ESE to E-W direction, with moderate to strong dips in a divergent fan. E-W, WNW-ESE or NW-SE stretching lineations, meso and asymmetric S-C microstructures, mica and clinoamphibole fishes, and rotation of o and i porphyroclasts indicated one megastructure resulting from a binary system with NW-SE shortening direction. The actual geometry of the greenstone would be derived from a dextral transpression, with the greenstone forming a positive flower structure. The transpressional regime favored the grow of transtensional cites and subsequent emplacement of granitic plutons on the NW contact, and extensional crenulation cleavage (Sn+1/D2) on the SW of the greenstone. Strain measurements displayed a ca. 60% shortening, subhorizontal extension of ca. 60 to 500% parallel to the greenstone trend, and vertical extension of ca. 101 to 280%. The strain ellipsoid may be oblate to prolate, with changes in density and rotation of the axis of maximum stretching (X) toward the mylonitic zones. The inversion of the deformation permitted the reconstruction of the original shape of the greenstone, that would be also elongated WNW-ESE, but with lesser eccentricity than today. These data, together with the quartz petrofabric, suggested that the deformation has been accommodated by pure and simple shear mechanisms, the final framework resulting essentially from the later. The last event (D3) are represented by faults and fractures which also affected the felsic and basic dykes. The paragenesis of the main metamorphic event (Mn/M2) is represented by static recrystallization, which modified some textures and almost ali minerais within the greenstone. The minerais formed phases were bluish green amphibole (actinolitic hornblende), epidotes, sphene and quartz in BAS and GB; tremolite, talc and chlorite in UM. The metagranitoids show transformations of plagioclase (saussurite, fine white mica), amphibole (to biotite and/or sphene) and biotite (to chlorite). The coexistence of hornblende + plagioclase (An>17) and/or actinolitic hornblende + chlorite in metabasic rocks shows that this event was of low pressures and temperatures in the transitional field of the greenschist and amphibolite facies. This episode should reflect a regional crustal heating produced by the plutonism at the end of the Mesoarchean, that obliterated the previous associations of ocean floor metamorphism. Slightly coeval to subsequently, it occurred one event of extensive dynamic recrystallization (Mm/M2) in the greenschist facies, specially within shear zones and lithological contacts. In these places, there are evidences of fluid incoming (schistose blastomylonites and abundant quartz veins) and remobilization of chemical elements (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Na, Rb, Sr, Zr). Finally, under lower PT conditions, it occurred a less expressive event related to crenulation cleavages and forming chlorite, epidotes and quartz (Mn+1/M2). The M2 event, as well as the one detected only in GN (M1 under amphibolite facies), was of ductile nature and cleary distinguished from the last one (D3/M3). The later was placed at the end of the Paleoproterozoic, being of hydrothermal character and associated to high crustal structures. The progressive evolution of the M2 metamorphism with its thermal peak predating the deformation suggested a counterclockwise P-T-t path, corresponding to the metamorphic evolution of Phanerozoic marginal basins. Some chemical analysis of the metavolcanic rocks permitted the definition of magmatic series and a discussion of petrogenetical modeling. It was possible to recognize three geochemical series, that is, from the older to the younger, komatiitic (UM), tholeiitic (BAS and GB) and calc-alkaline (DAC). The first one corresponds to peridotitic komatiites with MgO>18 weight % (volatile-free basis), with an enrichment trend in Al, such as in Geluk and Munro, and less calcic than the Barberton one. The light rare earth element patterns are irregular with (La/Sm)N ratios between 0.42 and 4.2 and negative Eu anomalies. The heavy rare earth elements seem less affected by post-eruptive processes, being plate or slightly fractionated (1.0<(Gd/Yb)N<2.3). The quantitative models were of hard execution due to the remobilization of several elements. It was possible estimate cumulates rich in olivine and orthopyroxene. With regarding to tholeiites, the BAS and GB showed very similar geochemical signatures, both being low potassium tholeiites comparable to depleted Archean tholeiites. The rare earth elements are almost plate, with values 10X the chondrite, and slight or no Eu anomaly. Preliminary modeling suggested similar cumulates for BAS and GB, composed essentially by clinopyroxene and plagioclase. The magma sources that originated the komatiites and tholeiites would be a garnet lherzolite. The DAC presented geochemical characteristics of modern and Archean metavolcanics and metaplutonics of trondhjemitic nature. The magmatic differentiation would be achieved by fractionation of plagioclase>quartz>hornblende>K-feldspar, with subordinated amount of biotite, magnetite, sphene, allanite and zircon. The source of the dacitic magma would be a tholeiite metamorphosed to the garnet amphibolite facies and somewhat enriched in light rare earth elements. The geodynamical model proposed admit the existence of a gneissic basement prior to 2.96 Ga. Between 2.96 and 2.90 Ga, the interplay of high geothermal gradients and lithospheric extension was responsible for extensive rifting, forming marginal basin systems, where extruded the komatiitic and tholeiitic rocks. At 2.94(?)-2.90 Ga, the DAC were generated from partia' melting of oceanic crust in subduction zone settings, and evolved by low pressure fractional crystallization. The same mechanisms that generated the DAC are extended also to the calc-alkaline plutonism, this one being responsible for the structural inversion of the greenstone, crustal thickening and final shape of the granite - greenstone terrain (dextral transpression ca. 2.88-2.86 Ga). The region still suffered a late episode (end of Eoarchean, 2.69-2.50 Ga) of (re)heating, registered only in sorne mineral, without any evidente of deformation and/or metamorphism. Finally, it occurred the intrusion of felsic (1.60 Ga, Rb/r) and basic dykes at the end of the Paleoproterozoic. The correlation with the actual understanding of the Província Mineral de Carajás permitted envisage that the Rio Maria granite - greenstone terrain was then configured at the moment of implantation of the Itacaiúnas Supergroup (ca. 2.76 Ga) and alkaline granitic plutonism at the Serra dos Carajás. So the sinistrai transpression that inverted that supergroup would correspond to a newer event, very distinct as regards as the dextral transpression of the Rio Maria region.
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Geologia, controle estrutural e geocronologia das rochas hospedeiras e do minério: implicações para o modelo genético do depósito aurífero do Palito, Província Tapajós, Itaituba-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-24) SERRA, Vitor Felipe Hage; TORO, Marco Antonio Galarza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8979250766799749
The Palito gold deposit, located at east portion of the Tapajós Gold Province, southwestern Pará State, comprises a nearly vertical mineralized quartz vein system, hosted by the Palito and Rio Novo Paleoprooterozoic granites and controlled by a sinistral strike-slip brittle-ductile shear zone, trending to NW-SE direction, which belongs to the regional Tocantinzinho lineament. The host granites are two oxidized calc-alkaline monzogranite stocks of Orosirian age and magmatic arc affiliation, correlated to the Parauari Intrisive Suite. The thicker lodes of the veining system are hosted by the major shear, along the N40-50W direction, whereas the thinner veins are housed by faults and fractures of second order and oblique to the main shear direction, both at low angle (around 20), moderate angle (nearby 50) and high angle (around 80). Such a structural situation is compatible with the Riedel system, with the major lodes parallel to the main shear direction (D), associated with low-angle veins (in R and P faults), moderate-angle gash veins (in extension T fractures) and high-angle veins (in R’ an X faults). Stockwork veinlets also occur as a minor ore type. The veins are always involved by a well-developed, normally brecciated, hydrothermal alteration halo. Phyllic alteration (quartz + phengite + pyrite) and chloritization are the two main hydrothermal alteration types, associated to minor potassic alteration (K- feldspar), carbonatization (calcite + sericite + quartz) and sufidation (pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphalerite). Three generations of hydrothermal veining quartz are well characterized in the Palito gold deposit. The youngest low-angle veins (R and P) are made up by quartz1, whereas the later thicker lodes (D) are composed by quartz1 and 2. Tension gash quartz veins may occur at any time of the hydrothermal system evolution and are made up by both quartz1 (youngest gash veins) and quartz2 and 3 (later gash veins). Gash veinlets of quartz3 correspond to final stages of the Palito hydrothermal process. The gold ore, hosted chiefly by quartz1 and 2 veins, is always associated to iron and copper sulfides (pyrite and chalcopyrite), besides sphalerite. Pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, galena, native bismuth and gold are minor metallic phases. Three generations of pyrite and chalcopyrite and one generation of sphalerite were recognized. Chalcopyrite1 replaces pyrite1 and it is replaced by sphalerite, which, in turn, is replaced by chalcopyrite2. Pirite2, coeval to sphalerite, occurs in mineralized veins as anhedral masses replacing tiny remnant grains (islands) of chalcopyrite1, showing concave or corroded edges. Gold is always associated or included in chalcopyrite1 and 2 and pyrite2, bismuthinite and native bismuth crystals. Veinlets of pyrite3 and chalcopyrite3, crosscutting sulfide masses in transtension zones of tiny sinistral faults, are the latest sulfide generations. Two generations of phengite and chlorite were identified in the gangue minerals, being veinlets of phengite2, chlorite2 and carbonate the last one. Fluorite, rutile, zircon and ilmenite still occur as minor gangue phases. The Pb-Pb age of 179417 Ma, obtained for the Palito ore, was interpreted as rejuvenation of the Pb-Pb system caused by Sthaterian alkaline granitic magmatism (Porquinho Intrusive Suite) related to the third extensional deformation phase. The geological features of the Palito gold deposit, as structural controlled veining style of ore bodies and hydrothermal alteration halos, predominating sericitization and cloritization and metallic association (Au-Cu-Bi-Zn) of the ore, all favor classification of the Palito deposit as intrusion-related vein gold deposits. It is a non-porphyritic intrusion-related deposit type, possible related to alkaline granites of the Maloquinha Intrusive Suite, which occur around the Palito deposit. The granitic magma should has provided the ore fluids and metals and the shearing should has controlled the fluid circulation and ore deposition of the Palito deposit.
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Geologia, geoquímica e geocronologia do magmatismo paleoproterozóico da região de Vila Riozinho, Província Aurífera do Tapajós, Cráton Amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-09-27) LAMARÃO, Cláudio Nery; DALL'AGNOL, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158196443144675
Several Paleoproteroic granitoids and two volcanic sequences were studied in the Vila Riozinho region. This region is located in the eastern area of the Tapajós Gold Province, near the border between the Tapajós and Central Amazonian tectonic provinces in the south-central part of the Amazonian craton. In the southern part of the region, it was identified the Vila Riozinho volcanic sequence composed of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyte and rhyolite, with a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic geochemical signature. Pb-Pb zircon dating indicate ages of 2000 + 4 Ma and 1998 + 3 Ma for this sequence. The São Jorge granite pluton is spatially associated with this volcanic sequence. Two granitoids were distinguished in the pluton, the Old São Jorge granite, with Pb-Pb zircon ages of 1981 + 2 Ma and 1983 + 8 Ma, and the Younger São Jorge granite with an age of 1891 + 3 Ma. The Older São Jorge granite, largely dominant in the pluton, is composed of an expanded magmatic series including biotite-amphibole monzodiorite/quartz monzodiorite, amphibole-biotite monzogranite/quartz monzonite, biotite leucomonzogranite/syenogranite and granite porphyry. It has a metaluminous to mildly peraluminous character, and high-K cale-alkaline signature, similar to that of volcanic arc granitoids. The Younger São Jorge granite was initially identified in drill cores obtained in the gold mineralized area of the pluton. In that area, it corresponds to a hornblende-biotite monzogranite, but biotite leucogranites occur in the southern part of the pluton. This granite also has a high-K calc-alkaline signature, but it differs from the Older São Jorge granite in some geochemical and mineralogical aspects and it is comparatively younger. In the northern part of the Vila Riozinho region, it was identified the Moraes Almeida volcanic sequence, the Maloquinha and Jardim do Ouro granites and a granite porphyry distinct from that associated with the Older São Jorge granite. The Moraes Almeida Formation is composed of ignimbrite and rhyolite with subordinate trachyte, with Pb-Pb zircon ages of 1875 + 4 Ma, 1890 + 6 Ma and 1881 + 4 Ma, respectively. The 1880 + 9 Ma old Maloquinha granite is composed of leucosyenogranite and subordinate leucomonzogranite. This granite and the rhyolite and ignimbrite of the Moraes Almeida Formation show affinities with aluminous, A-type series. The strong petrographic and geochemical similarities between these rocks suggest that they are cogenetic. An age of 1880 + 3 Ma, similar to that of the Maloquinha grafite, was obtained for the Jardim do Ouro hornblende-biotite monzogranite. However, preliminary data indicate that it differs from the former, as well as from the Older São Jorge and Younger São Jorge granites, in petrographic and geochemical aspects. Geochemical and mineralogical data allow the distinction of two different types of grafite porphyries. The first one is spatially associated and similar to the Older São Jorge granite. The second occurs along the contact between the Maloquinha granite and the ignimbrite of the Moraes Almeida Formation and is geochemically similar to the Jardim do Ouro granite and trachyte of the Moraes Almeida Formation. The magmatic activity in the Vila Riozinho region is concentrated into two distinct periods, near the end of the Paleoproterozoic. The Vila Riozinho Formation and the Older São Jorge granite formed during the first period between 2010 and 1970 Ma. At the second period, between 1900 and 1870 Ma, the Moraes Almeida Formation, Maloquinha, Younger São Jorge and Jardim do Ouro granites were formed. The high-K calc-alkaline magmatism that was formed during the first period is probably related to subduction processes. Two hypotheses are considered to explain the diversified magmatic activity registered during the second period: (1) the different magmas could result from late tectonic activity related to the subduction processes; (2) these magmas are related to taphrogenetic processes that affected the Amazonian craton at 1.88 Ga and lasted the entire Mesoproterozoic. It implies to admit a crustal source for the magmas originated during the second period. The second hypothesis is assumed as the more plausible at this stage, but the need for additional isotopic information is emphasized.
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Geoquímica e geocronologia U-Pb em zircão e Sm-Nd em rocha total do magmatismo tardi-transamazônico da região de Calçoene, norte do Amapá, sudeste do Escudo das Guianas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-03) SILVA, Lilian Paula Almeida da; LAFON, Jean Michel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4507815620234645
The region of Calçoene (Paleoproterozoic Lourenço Domain), northern part of Amapá, Brazil, belongs to the Maroni-Itacaiunas Province, southeast of the Guiana Shield, which represents an extensive Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt developed during the Transamazonian orogeny (2,26-1,95 Ga). The Lourenço domain consists mainly of metavulcanosedimentary sequences, gneissic complexes, several calc-alkaline granitoid suites related to magmatic arc context (2,26 to 2,09 Ga) and granitic plutons, including charnockites that represent syncollisional to late-orogenic stages (2.1 to 1.99 Ga). The present study is focused on the Cunani Granite (~2.10 Ga), the main unit of the Calçoene area. Subordinately, the Cricou Suite (2.11-2.09 Ga), adjacent to the Cunani Granite, was studied at the comparison level. In spite of the recent progress in the regional geological knowledge conducted by the CPRM, geochemical and geochronological data are still scarce and make it difficult to establish a reliable chronology and geodynamic context of this magmatism, as well as to the evaluate the processes of juvenile accretion and crustal reworking during the Transamazonian orogeny. In order to better characterize the late-Transamazonian magmatism and to evaluate the influence of Archaean crustal material on the Rhyacian magmatism in the Lourenço Domain, petrographic study, geochemistry, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology and Nd-Sr isotopic study were performed and provided important contributions about the geological evolution of this portion of the Guiana Shield. The petrographic study allowed to characterize the Cunani Granite as an unit constituted by dominant biotite monzogranites and biotite sienogranites, subordinate hornblende-biotite tonalites and biotite granodiorites, which contains enclaves of granulites (quartz-diorites with orthopyroxene), and hornblende metatonalites. Rocks of enderbitic composition were also found in this unit. The Cricou Suite in the study area is constituted by biotite monzogranites, and subordinate enderbite was also identified. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks are consistent with both a magmatic arc and syn- to post-collisional context. Most samples displayed enrichment in incompatible elements with high contents of Large Ion Lithophile elements (LILE) like Ba and K, while some High Field Strengh elements (HFSE) such as Th, La, Ce and Nd also show relatively high values. Significant negative anomaly of Nb and P are observed in the rocks of the Cunani Granite and its enclaves. The two samples of the Cricou Suite present Nb positive and negative anomaly, respectively. The Rare Earth Elements diagram showed enrichment of the light elements in relation to the heavy elements in the two units. Only the Cricou Suite shows accentuated positive anomaly of Eu. Overall, the geochemical features are interpreted as of post-collisional magmatism related to tectonic accretion of magmatic arc to the continent. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon from lithotypes of the Cunani Granite furnished ages of 2097±17 Ma (upper intercept) for a biotite sienogranite (DAC-08-06), 2017±73 Ma (upper intercept) and 1990±16 Ma (concordant age) for another biotite sienogranite (LKV-06-03) and 2019±53 Ma (upper intercept) and 1995±37 Ma (concordant age) for a sample of biotite monzogranite (DAC-08-09a). These ages confirm a late-Transamazonian age (Neorhyacian) for this unit and suggest that the Cunani Granite may encompass different magmatic pulses. The granulitic enclaves of the Cunani Granite (DAC-08-07b) furnished an LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon age of 2112 ± 10 Ma and may represent deeper crustal-level rocks that correspond in depth to the migmatization event that affected the rocks of arcs around 2.11-2.10 Ga during the collisional stage. The age around 2.0 Ga obtained for the biotite monzogranite (DAC-08-09a) at the same outcrop than the hornblende metatonalite (DAC-08-09b) previously dated at 2151 ± 2 Ma (TIMS Pb evaporation in zircon) allows to reinforce that the latter corresponds to enclaves of rocks from the Mesorhyacian magmatic Arcs within the Cunani Granite. U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS of zircons from a biotite monzogranite (DAC-08-11) of the Cricou Suite provided an age of 1839 ± 62 Ma considered as statistically unreliable. However a resetting of the U-Pb zircon system by younger events cannot be ruled out. The Paleoproterozoic crystallization ages obtained in the analyzed samples and the Archean NdTDM model ages between 3.17 and 2.51 Ga, together with negative values of εNd[2.08 Ga] between -8.67 and -0.72, besides inherited zircons with ages of 3056±63 Ma and 2654±43 Ma identified in a biotite sienogranite, indicate the contribution of Meso-Neoarchean crustal sources during the formation of the Cunani Granite. The Sr-TUR model ages ranged from 2.52 to 2.29 Ga, also indicating Siderian-Neoarchean signature for the source of these granitoids, compatible with tectonic accretion of the magmatic arc with continental landmass.
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Geoquímica elemental e isotópica Pb-Sr-Nd dos sedimentos de fundo do sistema estuarino de Belém e do litoral paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-19) OLIVEIRA, Elma Costa; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568; LAFON, Jean Michel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4507815620234645
In recent years, urban growth has occurred in a disorga¬nized manner in the metropolitan area of Belém, State of Pará, and this is reflected directly in the quality of water and sediments of the Guajará Bay, the main hydrological element of the estuarine system of Belém. This study aimed to conduct an elemental and isotopic geochemical research on bottom sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay and Carnapijó river to understand the geographical and historical variations of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents and isotopic signature of Pb, and to evaluate the gradual environmental degradation in the hydrographic system of Belém. In addition, the provenance of the bottom sediments in three areas of the Amazon Coastal Zone (mouth of the Amazon River, Marajoara Gulf and northeastern coast of Pará) was investigated by elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry. Sediments from the western margin of the Guajará Bay and from the Carnapijó River display mineralogical homogeneity and their sand to silty sand textural composition reflects very high hydrodynamic conditions. 210Pb dating furnished a rate around 0.7 cm.year-1 for the sedimentation at the western margin of Guajará bay. The trace metal contents in the fine fraction indicate that there are no significant anthropogenic contribution for Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the sediments from these sectors of the hydrographic system of Belém. However, the Pb contents suggest a weak anthropic action for this metal. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the exchangeable fraction below the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) indicate that the metals do not offer risk to the local biota. Comparison between the studied sediments and those of the riverside of Belém point to a higher contribution in the latter from domestic sewage and industrial waste for Pb and Ni, followed by Cr and virtually nonexistent for Cu and Zn. The study indicates that the sediments of the Carnapijó River are suitable for use as background of the estuarine system of Belém in future geochemical studies. Isotopic signatures of sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay confirm an anthropogenic contribu¬tion of Pb throughout the entire bay. The Pb accumulation process has become more efficient over the last 10 years, and this can be attributed to the rapid population growth of Belém city. Sediments in Carnapijó River are not affected by human activities, and the average concentration values (Pb = 19.6 ± 3.7 mg kg-1) and isotopic signatures (206Pb/207Pb = 1.196 ± 0.004) confirm the background Pb values previously proposed for the river system in the Belém region. The isotopic signatures of suspended matter on the eastern (206Pb/207Pb = 1.188) and western (206Pb/207Pb = 1.174) margins of Guajará Bay show that suspended matter is an efficient Pb trans¬portation mechanism of domestic and industrial wastewater from Belém to the western margin of the bay due to tidal effects at the confluence with Guamá River. The Pb isotopic compositions along the sediment cores show a decrease of the 206Pb/207Pb ratio to a value of 1,180 in the shallower 20cm of the cores from the western margin of Guajará Bay, not observed in the cores of Carnapijó River. This decrease indicates a probable anthropogenic contribution over the past 15 years in the western margin of the bay. The provenance of the bottom sediments in three areas of the Amazon Coastal Zone (mouth of the Amazon River, Golfão Marajoara and northeastern coast of Pará) was investigated by elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry. The geochemical signatures of the bottom sediments from the three sectors indicate a provenance from felsic geological units of the upper continental crust. Sediments of the Southern Channel of the Amazon River, north of the Marajó island (mouth of the Amazon River) had lower contents of Na2O and K2O and a higher CIA, indicating a higher degree of weathering. The distinct isotopic signatures of Sr, Pb and, principally, Nd of bottom sediments of the three studied sectors indicate different sources in nature and age. The sediments of the mouth of the Amazon River derived predominantly from the Andean and sub-Andean regions, as already shown in previous works. The more radiogenic Sr signatures and more negative ƐNd values of the sediments from Guajará Bay and Carnapijó and Guamá rivers, in Belém area, Marajoara Gulf (0,7267< 87Sr/86Sr <0,7316; -17,97< ƐNd < -13,58) and from the estuaries of Caeté and Maracanã rivers, northeastern coast of Pará (0,7220< 87Sr/86Sr < 0,7264; -24,05< ƐNd<-17,58) indicate a greater contribution of Precambrian rocks in their sources. Nd-TDM model ages (1.62-1.99 Ga) of the sediments from the Golfão Marajoara suggest a predominant contribution from the metasedimentary units of the Araguaia Belt and a subordinated contribution from the magmatic and metamorphic basement of Tocantins Province. Nd-TDM model ages (1.70-2.83 Ga) of sediment in the estuaries of Maracanã and Caeté rivers portray a strong contribution of Precambrian basement rocks (Craton Fragments of San Luis and Gurupi Belt) that outcrop in coastal region of northeastern Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Petrologia e evolução crustal das rochas de alto grau de Porto Nacional - TO
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-03-03) GORAYEB, Paulo Sérgio de Sousa; OLIVEIRA, Marcos Aurélio Farias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6704755061378988
The Porto Nacional region, located at central-southern portion of the Tocantins State, is part of Structural Tocantins Province. That region forms a crustal segment mainly composed by granulitic and gneissic terraines, with a wide variety of lithotypes due to the effects of successive magmatic, sedimentary, tectonic and metamorphic processes during the Precambrian Eon. In the oldest units, from the Lower Proterozoic, have been recognized orthoderived rocks, as tholeiitic basalts type TH-1, calc-alkaline basalts and tonalites as well as paraderived rocks as graywackes, pelites, graphitic and silicic-iron-manganesiferous, submited to high grade metamorphism (Porto Nacional Complex, Morro do Aquiles Formation). Another set of rocks includes tonalites associated with minor granodiorites and granites, occurring along with a supracrustal sequence made up of calc-silicate gnaisses, pelites, psamites and gondites, metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies (Rio dos Mangues Complex). Meta-igneous bodies of anorthositic (Carreira Comprida Anorthosite), nepheline-sienitic (Estrela Suite) and K-rich granitic rock compositions (Matança and Serrote Suite), metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies, constitutes batholites and stocks enclosed by the former units. They represent magmatic events of different origins and ages. Other units from the end of Lower Proterozoic are represented by the Monte do Carmo Formation, composed by conglomerates, arkoses, graywackes and acid to intermediary volcanic rocks, and the Lajeado Suite, which encloses a set of granites. These unites represent intra-continental volcanic and plutonic magmatic processes related to extensional tectonic environment. The Upper Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic are represented, respectivelly, by psamo-pelites low grade metassediments (Natividade Group) and by sedimentary rocks of the Parnaiba Basin (Serra Grande and Pimenteiras Formations). The tectono-structural framework is here designed by the Tocantins Shear Belt, which trends NE-SW between the Amazônico and Paramiririm Archean cratons. This belt defines a regional imbricated system wide about 300 km, where mixed segments of different crustal level. The evolution of the belt is related to the oblique colision of Porangatu and Araguacema crustal blocks during the Lower Proterozoic, and to late transcurrent shears. The metamorphic studies developed in the Tocantins Shear Belt allowed characterize rocks of high grade metamorphism (Domine 1), with maximum temperature of 850°C and pressure of 8 kbar, which indicate that the rocks reached the granulite facies in a depth of about 30-35 km. The second terrain (Domine 2) includes rocks of high amphibolite facies with temperatures of 680°C and pressures of 6-5 kbar, indicating depths of about 20 km. The Domine 3 includes a migmatized gnaissic terrain, that underwent a middle to high amphibolite facies metamorphism, above the hornblende isograde and the curve of granite melt in high H2O activity. The petrogenetic records suggest a anticlockwise P-T-t path for the high grade metamorphism. This path is initially progressive with an increase of temperature, and crosses muscovite, biotite, andaluzite, garnet and sillimanite isogrades in the aluminous sequences, and hornblende, clivo and orthopyroxene in mafic compositions. The metamorphic path cross cuts the curve of granite melt in low H2O activity and generates S-type granites, and charnockites. The thermal peak is reached near 880°C and is followed by a significative increasing in pressure, with the stabilization of kyanite and garnet. Later, there was stablished retrograde pattern whose records suggest an overprinting in amphibolite and greenschist facies conditions at temperatures lower than 600°C and pressures about 5 kbar. The geochronologic data obtained by whole-rock Rb-Sr and single zircon Pb evaporation analysis suggests a minimum ages 2,1 - 2,2 Ga for the high grade metamorphism, indicating effects of the Transamazonian thermo-tectonic event. The petrogenetic interpretations based on lithochemical and tectonic data, suggest that the evolution of the high grade rocks may be related to the rupture of the pre-existent Archean crust. In this crust affected by extensional tectonism, and strongly controled by magmatic underplating, restricted oceans were installed. The crustal evolution was followed by A subduction, delamination and crustal-stacking wedge, which end up with the transportation of infracrustal segments to upper leveis of the crust.
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Petrologia e geocronologia do magmatismo granítico do Cinturão Araguaia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-28) SILVA NETO, Juvenal Juarez Andrade da; GORAYEB, Paulo Sérgio de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309934026092502
In the eastern region of the Araguaia Belt (AB), in Tocantins State, four relatively small granitic bodies are identified: Ramal do Lontra (GRL), Presidente Kennedy (GPK), Barrolândia (GBR) e Santa Luzia (GSL). These rocks represent the record of an important granitogenesis event that is related to the evolution of the AB at the later Neoproterozoic. The few geological data on these bodies were poorly organized which precluded an integrated understanding and the correlation with other outcropping areas. This magmatism is not spatially very representative, but it is important due to the relationship of the granitic emplacement with the main phase of the regional metamorphism. This work is focused on the petrological and geochronological interpretation of granitic magmatism of the AB, especially on the petrographic and geochemical characterization of the main bodies, definition of ages of the magmatic episodes by zircon U-Pb dating and investigation of sources and time of crustal residence by TDM model ages (Sm-Nd) and Nd values. The studied bodies comprise stocks with slightly oval shapes and size that varies from 3 to 6 km on the major axis and 2-8 km on the smaller one, which are emplaced on micaxistes and quartzites of the Estrondo Group. In field stage, some important features were noted, such as the lack of the contact metamorphism and xenoliths on the country rocks, as well as the lack of the cooling borders, presence of granitic portions on the country rocks and the structural concordance between the foliations of the country rocks and the granitic body. The rocks were classified as two-mica meta-granites with low mineralogical variation, low mafic mineral content (<6%), hololeucocratic, medium grained and equigranular features, and granoblastic and relic granular hypidiomorphic textures. On the QAP diagram, the GRL, GBR and GSL plotted on the monogranite field or on the limits between the monzogranite and granodiorite fields, whereas, the GPK felt on the granodiorite field. The essential mineralogical content is formed by oligoclase, quartz and microcline, followed by biotite and muscovite. The accessory minerals are represented by apatite, zircon, allanite, garnet, monazite and opaque minerals. The granitic rocks are geochemically similar with SiO2 content from 71% to 74%, and Al2O3 between 13% and 15%. The Na2O and K2O contents are slightly higher in the GRL and GPK, which reflect on the A/CNK ratio, plotting on the peraluminous field. The low content of MgO, Fe2O3Total and CaO indicate these rocks are low fractionated. The trace elements also pointed out small compositional variations on the rocks of the different bodies. The REE patters demonstrated a medium to strong fractionation of the light REE in relation to the heavy REE, showing (La/Yb)N values between 11.8 and 72.8 and week Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.5-1.3). The zircon U-Pb dating by SHRIMP reveled ages of 542.7 ± 1.9 Ma (GPK), 541.5 ± 1.8 Ma (GBR) and 546.4 ± 2.3 Ma (GSL). These ages were interpreted as zircon crystallization at the later Neoproterozoic. The age obtained for the GRL was slightly older (615,7 ± 26 Ma) with a higher MSWD errors. The Sm-Nd isotopic results for the four bodies reveled TDM model ages between 1.69 and 1.84 Ga and Nd values from -12.18 to -6.21. On the Nd versus time diagram, the plots indicate a dominantly Statherian crustal sources for the parental magmas. The integrated data analysis allows us to suggest that the granitic bodies are correlated, which their origin is associated to a same granitogenesis event. The U-Pb ages between 541 and 546 Ma, interpreted as crystallization of the GPK, GBR and GSL, are related to the main metamorphic phase of the AB. The emplacement of this bodies is associated to the orogenic collisional phase of the AB at the later Neoproterozoic. The Sm-Nd data suggest that the studied rocks were generated by anatexia of at least two different sources, which favored the aggregation of granitic melts, rising and late emplacement of these magma at the main phase of the Araguaia Belt.

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