Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica - CPGF/IG
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2355
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica da UFPA (CPGF) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Foi o segundo no Brasil a formar recursos humanos em Geofísica em nível de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Criado em 1972, funcionou até 1992 junto com os Cursos de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica e Geologia.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estimativas da condutividade térmica dos minerais e rochas e influência de parâmetros térmicos e petrofísicos na resistividade aparente da formação(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1995-08-09) COZZOLINO, Klaus; HOWARD JUNIOR, Allen Quentin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6447166738854045The present study carries out estimates of thermal conductivity in the principal rock-forming minerals, as well as estimates of the average conductivity of the solid phase of five common lithologies (sandstones, dolomites, limestones, anhydrites, clay lithologies). Several thermal models were compared, permitting the verification of one as the most appropriate to represent the aggregate of minerals and fluids of which rocks are composed. The results of this study can be applied to a wide variety of thermal models. The chosen methodology is based on a non-linear regression algorithm denominated Random Search. The algorithm's behaviour is evaluated with sinthetic data before being applied to real data. The geometric mean model is used in the regression to obtain the values of thermal conductivity in these rock-forming minerals. The regression method used in each lithological sub-group gave the following values for average thermal conductivity in the solid phase: sandstones 5.9 ± 1.33 W/mK, limestones 3.1 ± 0.12 W/mK, dolomites 4.7 ± 0.56 W/mK anhydrites 6.3 ± 0.27 W/mK and for argillceous lithologies 3.4 ± 0.48 W/mK. In the sequence the fundaments for the study of heat diffusion are presented in cylindrical coordinates. The effects of invasion of mud filtrate into the formation are considered using an adaption of simulation of well injection techniques originating in theories developed in reservoir engineering. Assuming the original temperature of the formation as a reference, the relative errors in apparent resistivity can be estimated. In this phase of the work the finite differences method is used to measure distribution of the well-formation temperature. Simulation of the invasion is carried out in cylindrical coordenates via an adaptation of the Buckley-Leverett equation into carthesian coordenates. Effects such as the appearance of mudcakes in the borehole, gravity and capilliary pressure are not taken into consideration. The radial distribution of resistivity is obtained via the distribution of saturation and temperature, and is convolved with the radial geometrical factor of the induction tool (transmissor-receiver), resulting in the apparent resistivity of the formation. Admitting as reference the original temperature of the formation, the relative errors in apparent resistivity are obtained at each time. Through variation of certain parameters, it becomes clear that the porosity and original saturation of the formation can be responsible for serious errors in the measurement of resistivity, especially if such readings are taken immediately after drilling (MWD). The difference in temperature between well and formation is the principal cause of such errors. In situations where this difference is large, therefore, profiles with- induction tools should only be carried out between 24 and 48 hours after the well has been drilled.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Geotermia rasa em Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1987-12-15) ARAÚJO, Rutênio Luiz Castro de; SOUZA, José Ricardo Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2797414407717271A detailed study of shallow geothermics was carried out at depth intervals of 0.02 to 210.0 m, in the metropolitan área of the city of Belém-Brazil. The temperature measurements were performed by using mercury and thermistor thermometers, while the thermal conductivity measurements were made on core samples obtained from boreholes, by using a needle type apparatus. The incident solar radiation flux was recorded by a Robitzech type actinography. The average geothermal gradient obtained for the metropolitan area of the city of Belém was of 0.0254 ± 0.0007 °C.m-1. The average value of the thermal conductivity of the core samples collected in this region was of 1.66 ± 0.52 W.m-1.°C-1. On the other hand the average geothermal flux observed within the studied region was of about 42.16 ± 1.14 mW.m-2. At 1.0 m depth one observes changes of the temperature values with time which can not be neglected. These changes are directly related to the incident solar radiation flux variations at the surface. The largest increment of this flux observed from one day to the other was about 30 W.m-2, which corresponded to a temperature increment of the order of 0.22 °C at 1.0 m depth. The temperature profiles obtained in this work, presented drifts in alternating directions during the one-year cycle of observations. The shallow geothermal profiles are characterized by a zone of vanishing heat flux, so called “elbow zone”, past which the temperature increases with depth. The depth of the elbow zone is mainly influenced by the heat flux generated by the incident solar radiation on the surface of the area under study. A numerical model of the thermal structure evolution in time, was developed for the 0.02 to 10.0 m depth zone. The results generated from this model of heat transfer by conduction were compared with those obtained from the field work data. One observes good agreement between the two sets of data. However the numerical adjustment representation is closer to the field data in the period of September to February. The model developed can be used for of profile drifts geothermal forecasts, as long as one knows a priori the corresponding values of the monthly averages of the soil temperatures at the surface, the regional geothermal gradient and one given geothermal profile. This work demonstrates that the incident solar radiation flux at the surface is the main source of influence on the shallow geothermal profiles. The maximum depth of such influence depends mainly on the magnitude of such flux, on the degree of protection of the surface from the direct incidence of solar radiation and the lithology of the site under study.