Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais - PPGCS/IFCH
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2349
O Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e foi aprovado pela CAPES no ano de 2002, ainda com o nome de Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais. Iniciou suas atividades no primeiro semestre de 2003, com o funcionamento da primeira turma de Doutorado. Atualmente o Programa oferece também curso de Mestrado Acadêmico.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Brincar é coisa séria?: um estudo do brinquedo na cultura da modernidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-01) PORTO, Íris Maria Ribeiro; LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3092799127943216This study searches toys as material and symbolic culture members aiming to discuss changes and meanings in modern culture before globalization of cultural industry. It focus this discussion in four categories of toys: traditional, industrial, regional and virtual, that nowadays make the act of playing. It is based on the affirmative that modern playing is fluid, quick and dislocated. People are only consumers in modern culture because toys are related to the things that happen in society, its beliefs, ideology, habits, ethics and system of language and values. So there is a disillusion about the world that operates in childhood through the toys. Children have in their hands an image that allows actions and manipulations in consonance with the representations suggested by industries of cultural possessions. It shows toys in this modern culture as a product and its images, senses and symbols are reflections of the perception of society about childhood. This study was done in São Luís, Maranhão, aiming to get the changes between two kinds of economical situations, parents of four different groups, shopkeepers and artisans. It is a qualitative research. Its results shows that toys nowadays have potential to seduce people to consume them, with senses and functions to fit all different places; therefore toys faces the problem of managing local and global characteristics. This study concludes that modern culture has brought loss and profit to the act of playing in the transition of the handiwork pattern to the industry work. It also concludes that changes we see in toys in the last four decades of the twentieth century are not restricted to them, but are restricted to a system that has been established and implies in changes in popular children’s culture, and moreover in the places of children in modern culture.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O embate entre o visível e o invisível: a construção social da violência no jornalismo e na política(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) COSTA, Alda Cristina Silva da; BARP, Wilson José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6546508090587542This research aims to examine the use made of violence as a social problem in journalistic and political contexts, from articles published in the Jornal Nacional, from Rede Globo and in political speeches of the candidates for president, Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB ) and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (PT), on the electoral timetable, here called television campaign, on the elections of 2006. As the main methodological contributions have been used the analysis tools of hermeneutics and frameworks (frame analysis), with the intention of revealing this focus on the violence and make a theoretical reflection on this social problem in the "post-media", a term known in this research as to the process of exacerbation of the media and its insertion as an institution that builds the sense of reality to people's lives. Television news and the election campaign, tested in August, September and October 2006, were taken as important programs of references the social construction of reality. It appears that there is a superficiality and homogenization in the treatment of this social problem.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Entre bancos e espadas: os bastidores da mediação no sindicato dos bancários do Pará entre 1964 e 1974(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) ANDRADE, Cássio Guilherme Franco de; PALHANO, Eleanor Gomes da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2097579030181428It addresses the impact of 1 the Banking Reformation in Pará between 1964 and 1974 and the institutionalization of the Authoritarian State for the Military Regimen after-64. The Authoritarian State, exactly with politics of social control and closing politician contributed for a wage freeze, controlling claims and reactions of the workers. With the scene of the Banking Reformation, the banks had that to adapt it the new format of the system with capital increase and more ahead developed a propitious climate the claim to involve the fight of the workers throughout some stages. Fruit of a previous tradition, the experience of present classroom in the practical one of syndical movement assumed the mediation in the negotiations together to the representatives of the State.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “A gente tem uma vida lá fora...”: relações entre gestão de recursos humanos e sociabilidade das pessoas empregadas nos supermercados da Região Metropolitana de Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-04) GONÇALVES, Ida Lenir Maria Pena; MANESCHY, Maria Cristina Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5129734199358770The management of human resources (HR) represents a theorical approach of business management focused on organization of work to its best advantages and, in particular, the involvement of employees in the aims of the company. The management practices focus not only on the work itself, but also in complex way in social interactions occurred in the workplace, as well in the personal life of workers, in accordance with the assumptions and practices of the prevailing style f management. This work demand to know the nature of the correlations between management of human resources and sociability of workers, videlicet, their ability to make and keep various social ties, form the point of view of workers. To reach these aims, was taken as empirical reference four networks supermarkets from the urban region of Belém, Pará. This sector is a great employer, and has been modernized significantly in the last two decades, implementing some procedures in managements of humans resources and remains under strong competition from national and international groups that found in other capitals of the country. The methodology includes systematic observations, document analysis, general interview guide approach and deep-standardized open-ended interview, respectively with three hundred and eighty and fourteen workers, this last ones selected among those in the larger sample. The interviews versed about social and demographic attributes, occupational and career patterns of professional and personal relationship. Covered, too, the perceptions about rules and attitudes into workplace, based on the standards of the service manuals of business. This includes thirty-four items on a scale of Lickert. These items were arranged in factors, two on the management—quality of work (QW) and introjections of organizational standards (OS)—and three on sociability—trust, maintenance and usefulness of relations (UR) at work. The interviewed answered to items, adjusting the degree of their perception of each. These data were submitted to exploratory statistical technique Correspondence Analyses (CA) in order to verify the correlation between the factors of scale and characteristics of respondents. About the correlations between management and sociability, excel in first the work scheme. Long days of work, variables scale. Long daily breaks and the policy of in-service qualification (on the job) absorb nearly the entire time the employee to maintain personal relations and hinder or even extend those trained in the work environment beyond this space. Also hinder invest in studies, another area of sociability, what surprises in a sample whose predominant age range did not exceed thirty years and whose occupation has little chance of career. In this framework of restrictions, the condition of gender and family were relevant, because women, in particular mothers, reported less leisure activities, in little groups and with minimal presence of workmates, compared to men. Furthermore, we found some cases of people which made affective relationships into the workplace, even the coexistence is restricted to the company. Another striking feature was the dependence on family support for the exercise of labor activity and to face the vicissitudes of the labor market. The importance of family ties was reinforced by the long time of residence in the same neighborhood and, in significant proportion, in the same home, in several cases the housing was close or in the same house of parents or parents-in-law, facilitating the mutual aid. Another aspect that stood out the management of human resources was the perceived vagueness in the criteria for professional growth and application of standards, contributing to the existence of conflicts veil. To establish social ties, the employees place a selective trust, expressed in a few people who are confident in the work. It is worth noting here also a small variation between men and women, because men trust more than women in their workmates. The Correspondence Analysis showed sensitive differences of perception on quality of work and introjections of rules among workers with the first record in the labor book and those with previous experience in a formal work. The first notice a more effective control (surveillance) of management and express less agreement with organizational rules, while the others (the second) do not realize the control as the same way and is seen as complying with these rules. These results were interpreted as arising from different previous trajectories, in formal or informal labors, or because it is the first job. Cannot be said that the restrictions on sociability are due exclusively to characteristics of management in this sector, in view the incidence of another factors, as the social-economic condition of the family or the time of employment, on average two years among the respondents, which may have contributed to these results.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A inserção das pessoas com deficiência visual no mercado de trabalho: um estudo em empresas da Região Metropolitana de Belém no período de 2000 a 2006(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MORAES, Liliane Vieira; PALHANO, Eleanor Gomes da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2097579030181428This work investigates the insertion of people with visual deficiency in the labor market focusing on private companies in the Metropolitan area of Belém, from 2000 to 2006. Labor market is considered in this study as a complex system which results from the predominant rules of the relationship between capital and work. However, at the same time, there are insertion mechanisms based on criteria which are not always explicit and that can lead to discriminatory outcomes. The research was mainly based on data collected from private companies of the Metropolitan Region of Belém. This research shows that, throughout that period, the insertion of people with visual deficiency in the labor market in Belém was short, and that there was a significant disparity between the insertion of people with low vision and blind ones, the latter being almost non-existent in private companies within the Metropolitan Region of Belém.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Mulher comerciária e sindicalismo: relações de gênero, relações de poder (um estudo de caso em Belém do Pará)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-30) SANTOS, Eneida Canêdo Guimarães dos; ÁLVARES, Maria Luzia Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8074466326178617This dissertation research to social and political participation of business in the direction of the Trade Union of Employees of Pará - SEC / PA founded in 1926. In 1954-1956 the first woman takes a board according to presence of gaps; 1963-1965 involved three women and a new gap, 1972-1984, four union leaders take power. Currently eight are women between nineteen directors, in all 116 men and 18 women in direction. Appropriate to evaluate the constraints of the situation, assuming that the under-representation of women is due to extra-professional activities and the pattern continued in the sexist cultural institutions. Based on analysis of two-dimensional genus of Fraser, concluded that the low presence of women in trade union power is based on responses to phenomena out of leadership roles on representations of male / female demystify the ideology of women as support to men. Although the space union men and to pass the two sexes, need to create conditions in a joint junction class / gender agenda based on union demands female, so gender makes a difference.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Na friadagem do mangal: organizar e tirar caranguejos nos fins de semana em Bragança (Vila do Acarajó)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) REIS, Maria Regina Ribeiro; AQUINO, Maria José da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255; FURTADO, Lourdes Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260The work here presented discusses the crab extractors organization at Vila do Acarajó in weekends, the place is located in Bragança/PA, in Northeast of the State. The source is from the cold grubs. The crab extractors are organized in groups by a local merchant, that in partnership with the merchants from the town, facilitate the crab extractors’ journey in trucks, as a way to extract as many crustaceans as possible, indicating an intensive capture with negatives consequences from the biological point of view of the specie and social of the human groups that live around there and are dependents of the ecosystem. This research was guided by the hypothesis that the lack of material conditions to develop the fishing and agriculture, due to the scarceness of land, forcefully led the extractors to the mangroves, to allocate their work force. The investigation results show a rapid change in the context of capture and sale of the crabs, which are considered an easy and fast product to sell. Was verified that the mangrove rush is done by the Vila’s residents, even those who have terrains that indiscriminately extract crabs that didn’t reach the adult stage. These small crabs are sold without a rule about their size and the quantity by the traders. The whole is sold.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) No verão, açaí; no inverno, camarão: tempo e práticas econômicas na ilha de Paquetá (Belém-Pará)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-26) LOPES, João Luiz da Silva; AQUINO, Maria José da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255It addresses the life of a social segment living by the Amazon, historically called ribeirinho (the ones from the river), and sometimes interpreted as isolated and destined to disappear. The approach of this research considers on the concrete socio-environmental experience of a small social group on the insular area of the Town Belém. The analysis of the relation between the temporal consciousness and the realization of the productive practices, in the perspective of the social sciences through a fieldwork of qualitative nature, guided this study. The results of this research suggested the necessity of the abandon of the simplistic, homogenizing and dichotomist analyses, and the building of a complex framework that permits the perception of the co-existence, the tension, the antagonism, the conflict and the complementarities, simultaneously among several periods. This social segment guarantees its reproduction, despite the dominant economical processes, through a strategy that combines the ecological time and the mechanical time, the traditional time and the modern time, the production destined to self-consume and the production destined to commercialization, contradicting the theories that predict its disappearance.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Reestruturação produtiva e flexibilização do trabalho: um estudo sobre os processos de subcontratações e relações de trabalho na ALUNORTE S/A(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) SAMPAIO, Isadora Castelo Branco; PALHANO, Eleanor Gomes da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2097579030181428This dissertation is about job market transformations in the beginning of XXI Century. To analyze the transformations a theoric study about sub contractions and working conditions was made substantiated in the productive reorganization occurred in ALUNORTE S/A, a chemistry industry located at Barcarena City , Para , Brazil. The study is focused on the productive process reorganization and jobs redistribution based in this reorganization, all this considering the transition of a Taylor/Ford model to a Flexible Work/Production model. The caracteristic of this model is the flexibility in jobs associations and the rationalization of the productive process, this two factors conducts to the use of “flexible technology” that is a management process to improve the exploitation of the work force and the sub contractions . The empirical analysis expose the critical working conditions and the submission of the outsourcing employees in a visible condition face to the company, changing theirs status to a peripheric workers. This process to contract and allocation of work force became excluding for local working force since that the process didn’t absorb to personnel staff of ALUNORTE S/A the working force of Barcarena City (in most of cases), this action didn’t contribute to regional socioeconomic Development resulting in a increase of the segmentation of job market.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Reestruturação produtiva, inovações tecnológicas nos bancos nas décadas de 1980 e 1990: mudanças no perfil do trabalhador bancário em Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) PEREIRA, Raimundo Miguel dos Reis; ALBERTO, Maria Angélica; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6573765054270368This work has as objective to demonstrate that the banking productive reorganization in Brazil, in the decades of 1980 and 1990, with focus for the reality in Belém, is resulted of a set of economic events, social and politicians in international level with serious repercussions in the world of the work. The work covers trying to understand the impacts of the productive reorganization in the banks with emphasis for the question of the job, being involved the automation and the flexible logic in the relation of the rights; the change of profile of the banking workers on account of the transformations of the model of production in general level in the world of the work. These changes had come folloied of a rigorous development of organization of the work, that consisted of a complex process of changes in the productive system with the introduction of new technologies to increase the productivity and to diminish the intervention human being in the production and services, occurrences in the last few decades in the context of the structural crisis of the capitalism. The specific focus tries to answer as transformations had intervened with the banking work, changing the profile of the workers, diminishing, in this manner, the intervention of the bank clerks in the tasks, what it resulted in unemployment, precarização of the work and new qualifications, as the functional polyvalence, new abilities for the bank clerks to be fit to the requirements of the market and work.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Somos Parceiros?: representações e relações sociais na pesca em unidades de conservação - em foco a APA da costa de Urumajó(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) ROSA, Benilde de Nazaré Lameira; AQUINO, Maria José da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This essay treats, the representations, relations with the environment and organization of work between craft fishermen, which productive activities are given within a UC – the APA da Costa de Urumajó -, localized in the municipality of Augusto Corrêa, in the northeastern shore of the state of Pará – Brazil. The study is directed towards the reconstruction of the process of constitution of this EPA, in which the participation of the fishermen and their know-how was not effectively given. In this way, objectifying and revealing the instrumental practice of this labor, found in the activities of the fishermen, which since 1998, began to relate themselves with forthcoming restrictions of territorial reordenance, informed by the scientific knowledge, with environmental protection purposes. Verified, principally from Bourdieu‟s references (2005a, 2005b), through the notion of habitus which permits us to transit between being and becoming a fisher, the notion of environmental risk in Beck (2001) and „The Sociology of Absence‟ from Souza Santos (1995, 2004, 2006), puts in evidence the necessity of dialogue between scientific and local know-hows, with visits to the public environmental political institutions. One of the principal difficulties for the management plan of APA has not been elaborated, even though 09 years have passed, which is the sustainability of this institution, while politically socially-environmental. Standing out, in this way, the significance of the local knowledge and know-how, so that the scientific paradigm of conservation is effective. Our study sustains itself in direct observation, interviews, documented analyses and photographic registers. In this trajectory, “Are we partners?: Representations and social relations of fishing in conservation units – In focus the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Coast of Urumajó”, is a study of the attempt to, as Souza Santos (2006) affirms to reveal “wasted social experiences” or in part, unviable by modern scientific reason.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Trabalho e capital na Amazônia Oriental: movimento operário versus reestruturação produtiva no Complexo Albrás-Alunorte: 1990 – 2005(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-03) SANTIAGO, João Carlos da Silva; PALHANO, Eleanor Gomes da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2097579030181428The present dissertation studies the productive restructuration in the factories of ALBRAS and ALUNORTE, situated in the municipal district of Barcarena/PA, and how the working class movement has put itself against this process, from 1990 to 2005. Through a study of the chronic crisis of the worldwide capitalist economy, worsened by the two petroleum crash, it attempts to explain how the installation of two modern factories in the Oriental Amazon, with a working class contingent highly concentrated. It is emphasized how important is the role of the State to the achievement of this process. We also analyze how, since the “globalization” phenomenon – which is a higher stage of the imperialism -, and the new work organization process – mainly the toyotist model -, the working class movement and its organizations were put to the proof because of the flexibilization of the work, the precarization and the subcontraction, which have made difficult the strikes and the class movements in Brazil and in the world, in the 1990s. Based in bibliographic material, brochures and interviews with workers and directors of labor unions, the study evidences that the struggles against the productive restructuration in ALBRAS was more intense, including the strike mode, than in ALUNORTE, because ALBRAS was ten years ahead of ALUNORTE and it was the first laboratory of CVRD in the city of Barcarena. Contradictorily, it was in ALBRAS where occurred the highest number of dismissals in the studied period, before and after the privatization of CVRD. The dissertation aims to show the role of the Chemists and Metallurgists Labor Union in this process of struggles against the productive restructuration in the factories of ALBRAS and ALUNORTE.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Trabalho, adoecimento e saúde: aspectos sociais da pesca artesanal no Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-07) BRASIL, Silvio Silva; AQUINO, Maria José da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This is a study about the relationship between work, health and disease in the scenery of the artisanal fishing in the state of Pará in which we seek to understand the complexity of the questions related to the worker’s health based on the contribution of the social sciences. The contributions of the disciplines like sociology, psychodynamic of work and the anthropology of health are together in this study to approach us to the desired interdisciplinary conception. This research is associated to the field of the Health of the Workers, paradigmatic orientation that is the support of the concepts and analysis present in this work, and we emphasize the structuring role that work takes on the artisanal fisher’s workers lives, as well in the formation of their values, conceptions and in the way they build and deal with their own health, without neglecting the social and subjective dimensions present in the dynamics of the process healthdisease in their relation to the work. As says Minayo (2004a), the qualitative research in health approach, our methodological reference to the development of this study, emphasizes the speech of the subjects, their conceptions of health and disease and with this objective we made semi-structured interviews with the fishermen in each city visited ,that voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. For a deeper approach to the disease processes and their possible relation with the working activity developed by these fishermen studied, we also utilized the instrument of observation, following the fishermen during their activity in the river. The material obtained in the research includes 23 interviews with fishermen of six municipal districts in state of Pará: Abaetetuba, Igarapé-Miri, Mocajuba, Bragança, Salinópolis e São Caetano de Odivelas. In all these municipal districts the artisanal fishing takes a very important place in the local economy and join a large contingent of workers, allowing us to observe different realities of business in Pará, state which has a diversity of aquatic ecosystems, showing environments of continental waters, estuarine and from the sea, in which fishing is developed with many adaptations and particularities. We choose as the analytical conception of our work the hermeneutic dialectics, as Minayo defends (2004a, p. 227), a “way of thinking” from which we seek to understand the speech as a result of the social process (work and domination), for where the amplified regard, investigative about the sceneries of life and work is essential. We search to establish “the field of fundamental determinations” which is the social and historical context of these workers, emphasizing, among many aspects, the importance of the artisanal fishermen and their insertion in the production system; their reproduction’s conditions (work, income, housing, access to goods and services etc); access to social security politics, emphasizing the understanding that considers health and disease concepts historically constructed, strongly permeated by the historical and social conditions from the individuals and particularly marked in their relationship with their work.