Teses em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários (Doutorado) - PPGBAIP/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4698

O Doutorado em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários (PPGBAIP) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Caracterização molecular de Klebsiella pneumoniae produtoras de ß-lactamases de espectro ampliado e Carbapenemase tipo KPC isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados em Belém, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-13) MARQUES, Patrícia Bentes; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The K. pneumoniae constitute an important group of human patogen, causing of hospital and communitarian infections. In these bacteria, the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the main mechanisms of resistance the antimicrobials, responsible for the imperfection of the therapy against infections for gram-negative bacilli. This work aimed to do the molecular characterization of the K. pneumoniae producing ESBL and KPC about antimicrobial resistence in pacients from Belém-PA. A total of 124 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from public hospital from Belém-PA and susceptibility test was performed to detect its susceptibility patterns antibiotics. Phenotypic tests for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) producing strains were performed to detect the resistance phenotype of the isolates. Then PCR amplification and sequencing analysis were performed for the drug resistance determinants genes. The results showed that 83% strains harbored bla CTX-M gene, 85,5% carried bla SHV , 83% carried bla TEM and 5% carried bla KPC. The most frequent gene ESBL detected was bla CTX-M-71, which was observed in 60% of isolates. Other ESBL genes were bla SHV-38 (5% of isolates), bla SHV-100 (5% of isolates) and bla SHV-12 (3,5% of isolates). O gene bla KPC-2 was detected in 100% of isolates.These enterobacterias showed multidrug resistance phenotypes with high levels for quinolones and aminoglycosides. Associations between genotypes and antibiotic resistance were observed.The presence of multidrug resistant micro-organisms in hospitals, reinforces the need for measures for rapid containment of possibles infections caused by these pathogens.
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A epidemiologia das doenças infecciosas no início do século XX e a criação da Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-03) MIRANDA, Aristóteles Guilliod de; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The late nineteenth century showed two important features in the area of health. The first indicated the continuous occurrence of diseases caused by infectious agents that included yellow fever, malaria, cholera and smallpox. On the other hand, the economic situation of the state of Pará with the early loss of exclusivity extractive production of the largest wealth generator for the state, the rubber, has led to a situation where it became increasingly difficult and expensive training new medical doctors abroad or in other Brazilian states. The early twentieth century brought the opening of colleges in Belém, including two in the area of health (Pharmacy and Dentistry), as well as national legislation for the creation and opening of medical courses. The state of Pará, under the influence of the effort of Oswaldo Cruz with his work of eliminating yellow fever in the city of Belém, in a practical application of the new knowledge generated by the description of infectious agents in their transmission by vectors and application of new ways of preventing and controlling diseases (sanitation and vaccines) after organizing at first through a scientific society in innovative ways, creates the 8th medical school in Brazil, on January 9, 1919, named Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of Pará.
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Estudo da ação da crotoxina sobre o perfil de ativação de macrófagos peritoneais infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-12) FARIAS, Luis Henrique Seabra de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a parasitic disease widely spread in most countries of Latin America, and caused by different species of the genus Leishmania. This protozoan is an obligate intracellular parasite that developed mechanisms to subvert the microbicidal activity of macrophages, such as inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. The chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for this disease, although the antileishmanial drugs available are in general toxic, expensive and require long-term treatment. Thus, the development of new natural products to treat leishmaniasis has become a priority. Ophidian toxins are natural sources of bioactive products with therapeutic properties already described. Therefore, we considered analyze the activity of crotoxin (CTX), a dimeric protein and the main neurotoxic component of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and macrophages. The toxin significantly decreasing of 32,5% on the growth of promastigotes at 1,2μg/mL and 24,9% at 4,8μg/mL after 96 hours of treatment (IC50= 22,86μg/mL). The colorimetric assay (MTT) showed that this compound presented no cytotoxic effects against macrophages. Interestingly, CTX treated macrophages presented a significant higher capacity to metabolize the MTT substrate (mean= 59,78% ±3,31, higher) when compared with untreated control. It was observed that treated macrophages presented intense production of ROS (mean= 35,95% ±2,76, higher) when compared with untreated cells. Treated macrophages presented increased phagocytic activity and were capable to eliminate intracellular parasites. Besides that, these cells had it NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines production increased and morphological alteration that characterizes the M1 cellular activation profile. That activation culminates with the parasite elimination throughout host response, reverting the anergic action promoted by L. amazonensis, thereby leading to a good disease prognostic, evidencing that this compound could be a promising antileishmanial agent.

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