Teses em Engenharia Civil (Doutorado) - PPGEC/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9887

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Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de sistema computacional integrado de dimensionamento e representação gráfica de canais de macrodrenagem
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-23) MARTINS, Vania Carla Dias; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-1787
Develops an integrated computer system for the design and graphic representation of macrodrainage channels, including the hydrological, hydraulic, hydrodynamic design steps and graphic design elements. The system conceived and named SIDCAM was developed with a central model built in Java (MACRO 1.0), which is integrated with three external software, Google Earth, HEC-RAS and AutoCAD. For this, the research was carried out in three stages: (1) identification of methods and software, necessary for the development of a macrodrainage project; (2) development of the software in Java, for the hydrological and hydraulic design stages (phase 1), and, development of tools for integration, import and export of data, between the hydraulic module and the HEC-RAS and AutoCAD software (3 ) evaluation of the functionality and reliability of SIDCAM, through its application in the case study of the macrodrainage project of Tucunduba, Belém/PA. SIDCAM is composed of four modules: the hydrological module, for the generation of hyetograms and project hydrographs, using the alternating blocks and triangular hydrograph (SCS) methods; the hydraulic module, for making the geometric design of the channel and the coincidence of flow peaks with high tide peaks; the hydrodynamic module, to validate the SIDCAM geometric design; and the graphic module, for the automatic production of editable graphic pieces, of longitudinal and transverse profiles. In addition to the modules, import directories of IDF and tide gauge curves were built, fed by two databases, for IDF coefficients of 165 Brazilian municipalities and tide gauge curves of 334 stations of the Brazilian Navy. In the analysis of the water levels in the channel, simulated by the developed system, most of the results were classified as “Good” and “Very Good”, with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients greater than 0.97, a minimum percentage error of 1.19% and a maximum of 14.72%. In view of these results, the proposed tool is promising, especially because it is a model that concentrates a good part of the processes necessary for a macrodrainage project, in a single integrated structure, thus filling gaps left by current models, which have a dissociative approach to the different stages of the project.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Identificação e quantificação de desplacamento cerâmico em fachadas de edifícios no contexto da indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-24) SOUSA, Alcineide Dutra Pessoa de; MAUÉS, Luiz Maurício Furtado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7497951647889934; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1762-8617
The facade maintenance process is guided by the results obtained in the inspection phase. Some proposals for methods aimed at improving the inspection process have been discussed, and among these, those that are conducted based on Digital Image Processing (PDI) techniques captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) stand out. The use of UAVs to capture images on facades streamlines access to the inspected area, and PDI techniques help to automate the process of identifying pathological manifestations. In addition, the fourth industrial revolution has allowed the use of various technological tools in the most varied engineering applications. Among these technologies we can mention cloud computing and computer vision algorithms. In this context, this research aims to apply PDI techniques to detect regions with ceramic displacement on building facades using technologies relevant to industry 4.0 (fourth industrial revolution). The methodological procedure used starts with the formation of a database (images) captured by cell phone and UAV. For modeling purposes, the YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection algorithm was applied to the images that make up the database using cloud computing. The applied methodology resulted in a program written in python capable of identifying the regions with displacement, quantifying the missing ceramics and exporting the quantification results in a spreadsheet. The identification process had success rates close to 99% and the quantification errors of less than one ceramic per image, which leads to the conclusion of the feasibility of the proposed computational program
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Método para capacitação de ocupantes de edifícios residenciais em segurança contra incêndio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-24) SARAIVA, Raísse Layane de Paula; MAUÉS, Luiz Maurício Furtado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7497951647889934; Https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1762-8617
Despite the existence of norms, laws and executive orders that provide safety in residential buildings, fires continue to occur in Brazil and worldwide and can be fatal given their severity and provided occupants do not know what to do. This problem becomes even more complex in high buildings (height greater than 30 meters), where fire protection systems are employed, but still there is no – in Brazil – mandatory fire training for occupants. Authors focused on the study of human behavior in fire situations have already stated that the adequacy of responses (or behavior) is the key for the building to be safely abandoned in case of need and to ensure greater safety to the building occupants. In view of the above, this work, through Design Science Research (DSR), aimed to develop a fire training method for occupants of tall residential buildings. The method had two aspects of composition: i) theoretical analysis (where norms, laws, executive orders, good practices and fires already occurred were used as sources of information) and ii) computational simulation (where the hypotheses were tested). As products, a flowchart and a listing of the contents to be used in the training were developed. Then, the method was validated, analyzing the internal validity, external validity, content validity and construct validity. To this end, specialist professionals from the Fire Department, in 12 Brazilian states, answered 42 questionnaires attesting to the validity of the method and considering it appropriate, understandable, objective, replicable and appropriate for the objective to which it was available. In addition to confirming the negative impact of premovement time, it was also possible to verify that the number of occupants in the building, as well as the distances covered by these are extremely important factors in the abandonment process and should be verified in new projects aimed at improving their safety. In addition, three buildings were used for the development of the study and had the training method applied, finally being evaluated by the occupants themselves and training participants, who considered it acceptable and responsible for providing them with more safety.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo para estimar o prazo de execução de obras residenciais verticais: por meio da lógica fuzzy
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-26) MAUÉS, Luiz Maurício Furtado; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
The definition of the execution time of vertical residential buildings occurs, in most cases, empirically and during the economic and financial feasibility study of the project. This generates high risks and uncertainties regarding the deadline compliance. However, there are tools of computational intelligence that can contribute to the reduction of the degree of uncertainty, among them the fuzzy logic. This work aims to develop a hybrid model to estimate, in a reasonable way, the construction period of vertical residential buildings by associating factor analysis and fuzzy logic. For this it was used a database from the Municipal Secretary of Urban Development of Belém (SEURB) and the developers of the city, which are target of the case study, in the period from 08/24/2015 to 09/11/2015. To build the model, in the first step, i.e., the factor analysis, 127 projects were used; in the second step, the fuzzy inference, 71 projects were used; and, for the validation phase, 16 projects were used. Results obtained showed a significant level of assertiveness, with accuracy of 75%, taking into account an interval whose limits (upper and lower) were calculated in the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The model delivered a prediction performance superior to other models already accepted in literature. As theoretical contribution, the work allows a better understanding of the uncertainties and risks regarding the definition of the execution time of real estate projects, and also about how the modeling can help entrepreneurs/construction campany and technicians to make better decisions based on a hybrid model, considering the uncertain and complex environment of the economic and financial feasibility study phase for future projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo para obtenção de incentivos fiscais de ICMS aplicados à cadeia produtiva da construção: uma análise da indústria de cerâmica vermelha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-29) FARIAS JUNIOR, Claudionor Andrade; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-1587; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058
This thesis aims to analyze and propose guidelines to the criteria inherent to the ICMS legislation applied to Industries in General, establishing a model directed to the Construction Production Chain with emphasis on the Pará Red Ceramics Industry. To this end, it adopted theoretical concepts related to the characterization of its research universe as well as the main aspects pertinent to fiscal taxation in the referred chain, distancing itself from the legal and accounting approaches. As a central reference of the study, the model recommended by the state law of Pará, which provides for special tax treatment applicable to “industries in general”, is notable. To carry out the investigation, the quantitative research method was adopted, with the application of an electronic questionnaire to the group of industries belonging to the main ceramic pole in the northern region of Brazil. From the realization of the field research, the quantitative data collected were analyzed through the use of statistical techniques of descriptive and inferential analysis (multiple linear regression, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance). The results obtained give rise to divergent positions related to the theoretical and empirical validation of the original model. As for the empirical compartment, it is suggested: (1) the revision of the way of measuring the data referring to the variables “Innovation” and “Sustainability, with emphasis on gaining variability in the related data; and (2) the review of the scores (weights) attributed to these two variables, with emphasis on their corresponding levels of benefits achieved. As a relevant result, it is also worth highlighting the mapping of the investigated sector, highlighting: (1) the assessment of the framework of the companies participating in the research, concerning the reach of the different levels of benefit; and (2) the grouping of units (firms), considering the measure of similarity of the responses obtained. Conclusively, as a theoretical and managerial contribution, we highlight the filling of an important gap in the field of study related to the tax benefits applied to the construction production chain, such as the emphasis on the importance of a scientific foundation for the formulation of legislation associated with global public policies. Particularly, the contribution directed to the legislators of the different states of the federation, supporting the reflection and discussion about the impact of the variables "Innovation" and "Sustainability" in increasing the condition of competitiveness for companies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo para resistência de cisalhamento em vigas de concreto sem estribos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-30) LIMA, João Carlos Lisboa de; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186
The analysis of shear strength in concrete beams involves significant complexities and iteration between parameters. The development of models for the design and verification of the ultimate limit state of beams began in the 19th century with empirical, theoretical and numerical models such as the Ritter-Mörsch truss analogy and the modified compression field theory. However, the almost stochastic ratios of compressive strength of concrete, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, loading slenderness, transverse dimensions and coarse aggregate diameter add up to numerous difficulties in creating simple and easily applicable formulas. Thus, the present work aims to develop a model based on proportionality relations and the application of an iterative algorithm to optimize the values of an initial database of 220 beams (62 authors) that failure by shear and define a theoretical model that will be compared with a database of 510 beams (63 authors) and other methods of calculation of relevance. The proposed formula provided a coefficient of variation of 6.23%, being between 34.97% and 59.52% lower than the models analyzed. Thus, the results of the proposed method, when considering the experimental and theoretical relationship of the database, present all values within the appropriate safety range, allowing greater accuracy in defining the ultimate load of concrete beams without stirrups.

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