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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A pesca artesanal da frota de Mosqueiro (Belém - Pará) e o uso do ambiente pela dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii-Castelnau, 1855)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-01) OLIVEIRA, Diogo Marques; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
Considering the artisanal landing sites in the Amazon estuary, Mosqueiro Island, located in the south of the Bay of Marajó, is commercially very important and, as in nearby loading terminal (Miramar), the imminence of an environmental disaster is real. However, there is no detailed information on the fishery and the use of commercially important species, as Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) in the region. With the objective of describing the fishing activity and the use of the region by the Gilded catfish, landings were monitored in Cajueiros Bridge (Mosqueiro) from December 2005 to November 2006. Moreover, the fishery boats were recorded using specialized log-books and trained personnel from the community. The index of relative abundance CPUE (kg/trip) was used to identify the most important species and their catch period, seasonality of the fleet, fishing sites and gross revenue. Considering the Gilded catfish, 30 individuals were obtained from commercial fishery in Mosqueiro from December 2005 to August 2006 in a bimensal basis. Individuals were weighted, measured and gonads were collected with the objective of evaluating the use of the region for reproduction. It was registered 128 fishing boats and Barcos de pequeno porte dominated followed by Canoas motorizadas. Technological differences between boats categories were observed, except in relation to boat length, mean monthly production and storage capacity. Barcos de médio porte present a greater crew and fishing days but they carry out less trips by month in relation to the others categories. Gill nets are mostly used in the area, and the mesh most frequently employed are 50, 60 e 70 mm (streched mesh size). Barcos de médio porte have larger nets when compared to others categories. The main species captured in the region are Silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis), Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) and Yellowfin river pellona (Pellona spp.). Fleet from Cajueiros bridge fish mainly in fishing sites near the island during the catch period of the main species (May to December) moving to Marudá region during the offpeak season (January to April) following, mainly, the schools of Gilded catfish. Periods of maximum abundance was the first and the forth trimester for Canoas motorizadas and Barcos de pequeno porte respectively. The fishing sites Ponta Fina and Areia do Cotijuba showed the largest annual relative abundance with the main catch of Gilded catfish and Pacora, respectively. Gilded catfish was regular during the whole period with highest abundance in Ponta Fina and December. Pacora highest abundance was recorded in Marudá (98 kg/trip) and September. Yellowfin river pellona occurred mainly in Enseada and in June. In Mosqueiros Island, fish annual production was estimated in approximately 1.000 tons, leading to a gross revenue of R$ 3 million. Barcos de pequeno porte contributed to 42% of the total production and with 61% of the gross revenue. Silver croaker contributed to 26% of total production and Gilded catfish with 35% of the gross revenue. This species was considered the most valuable fish resource in the area. Sampled individuals measured from 27 to 100 cm total length, and individuals of 50 to 60 cm dominated. Sexual proportion favored females (1:2,2 male:female) which were most numerous for most length classes and months, except February. For this species, the area is not used for breeding but for nursery and feeding purposes. In the situation of an environmental disaster a waste of approximately 1.000 tons and R$ 3 millions for the fishery industry in Mosqueiros Island can be reported. Moreover, an accident in the area could also affect the young population of Gilded catfish causing harmful effects in a long term for catch and economy of the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva de peixes cianídeos capturados nas proximidades dos terminais portuários do Pará e Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SANTOS, Nayara Barbosa; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
Smallscale weakfish (Cynoscion microlepidotus), King weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) e Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis) are demersal sciaenids, largely distributed in the Brazilian coast. These species are important fishing resources. This study has the objective of describing aspects of the reproductive biology of these species caught in areas near to the harbors of Itaqui (Maranhão) and Miramar (Pará). For each species, the reproductive stages were macro and microscopically described, the length at first maturity, sexual proportion by month and size, the breeding period and type of spawning was also evaluated. Data were collected in a bimensal basis from December 2005 to October 2006. It was examined 247 individuals of C. microlepidotus, 253 of M. ancylodon and 251 of P. surinamensis. Individuals of C. microlepidotus, M. ancylodon and P. surinamensis measured from 175 to 780 mm, 187 to 399mm and 220 to 590 mm of total length, respectively. The relationship total length (mm) and total weight (g) for females, males e sexes grouped were highly significant for the three species, with negative alometry for C. microlepidotus and positive alometry for M. ancylodon and P. surinamensis. The length of first maturity (L50) for C. microlepidotus, considered grouped sexes was 260.8 mm, 235mm for males and 321mm total of length for females. For M. ancylodon, L50 for grouped sexes was 210.5 mm, 201.6mm for males and 221.8mm for females of total length. For P. surinamensis, L50 for grouped sexes, for males and for females were 279 mm, 305mm and 269mm of total length. Sexual proportion, considering the total number of individuals favored females for M. ancylodon (1male:3female) and favored males for P. surinamensis (2,02male:1female). For C. microlepidotus, male: female proportion was equivalent. Macroscopically, gonads of the three species were classified as Immature (A), Maturing (B), Mature (C) and Spawned/Spent (D), however, when analyzed microscopically, the stage B were sub-divided in initial and final maturing. The macro and microscopical evaluation of gonads indicated a prolonged spawning season, with reported peaks in June- August and December- February, coinciding to the rainfall transition period. The studied species complete their life cycle entirely near the harbors of Itaqui and Miramar, leading these areas to be classified as extremely sensitive especially when referring to possible oil spill.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade e densidade ictiofaunística em lagos de várzea da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Amazonas, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) CHAVES, Rose Cristine Queiroz; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
The structure of the fish community in amazonian várzea lakes is determined by the flood pulse and seasonal and daily variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the water. The objective of this work was to characterize the fish community structure of four lakes in different stages of the seasonal cycle. Fish samples were taken bimonthly along one year in four lakes at Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The richness of species and the fish biomass were analyzed, in order to investigate how much the community patterns were regulated by the environmental variables. A total of 6,058 individual fish were collected, representing 6 orders, 21 families, 76 genera and 116 species. The orders Characiformes and Siluriformes presented the largest variety of families and species, reaching together around 90% of the captured specimens. The fish fauna varied between different periods and lakes, and the highest richness and biomass values were found in the water level dropping season, except in Taracoá Lake with greater richness in the flooding season. The species Potamorhina latior, Potamorhina altamazonica, Mylossoma duriventre, Amblydoras hancokii, Amblydoras sp., Liposarcus pardalis, Psectrogaster amazonica and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum showed the highest number of individuals. Oxydoras niger, Colossoma macropomum, Cichla monoculus, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Arapaima gigas and Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum were the dominant species in biomass. The analysis of the physico-chemical parameters indicates that the changes along the year and the flood pulse influence determine the fish community structure, and the set of parameters composed by dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature seemingly explains the fish community pattern. Similarity Analysis indicates that the fish fauna composition in the same time of the flood pulse in consecutive years are much alike. Therefore, it is probable that the fish community composition is re-established every cycle, with the connection of the different water bodies during the flood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A pesca e os aspectos reprodutivos da jatuarana escama grossa Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) na área de influência da usina hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-31) PINHEIRO, Jossandra Carvalho da Rocha; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
The Hemiodus unimaculatus (Jatuarana Tick Scale) is a hemiodontidae Benthopelagic of significant commercial importance, generating food, employment and income to fishermen in the influenced area by the reservoir in the hydroelectric plant of tucurui (Tucurui HEP). The present study analyzed the fishing and the reproductive aspects, as the structure in length and weight of the population, the weight-length relation, the average length of first gonadal maturation (L50), the sex ratio and the period of breeding in the area of influence of the Tucurui HEP (upstream in the reservoir and the downstream). Were analyzed temporal series of landing data (2000 to 2008 period) and interviews from July to October 2010 in the three areas of Tucurui HEP, with dealt information about the location and characterization of the fishery and fishing widget. For the study about reproductive aspects, the specimens analyzed were collected monthly, from January 2006 to December 2007, in the reservoir and downstream of the dam. A H. unimaculatus was landed in three areas influenced by the Tucurui HEP during all year, being the upstream responsible for the highest production. There is statistically significant seasonality throughout the year, characterizing production peaks, being the upstream in May, June and October, January and from May to June in the reservoir, and the downstream from May to August. The main locations for the capture of the schools are the edges and beaches, being the main capture procedure the gillnets. The principal boarding port is located in Itupiranga city, where is the HEP Tucurui upstream. Among the fish caught in the reservoir (429) and the downstream (545), the biggest variation occurred in the reservoir (12.5 to 29 cm of total length). The weight-length relation has presented negative allometry in both sub-areas. The L50 considered for grouped sexes was 27.6 cm in reservoir and 22.2 cm the downstream. The sex ratio for the total samples was favorable females in both areas, being 1.6 and 1.9 in reservoir and downstream, respectively. The reproductive period was recorded in March (raining season) in the reservoir and the downstream from November to March (periods transactional dry/rainy and rainy). Considering that the specie occurs in all the HEP Tucurui areas and the tendency of annual production are increasing continually the upstream, the need to implement enhanced local infrastructure and measures for development in order to maintain the sustainability of fishery.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemas de produção pesqueira da pescada amarela (Cynoscion acoupa Lacèpede, 1802) e serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavalla-Camin, 1978) no litoral nordeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) MOURÃO, Keila Renata Moreira; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
The Para State, which coast limits from Cabo do Norte to Gurupi, is the most important fishing state in North of Brazil. According the economic importance, of the Acoupa weakfish Cynoscion acoupa and Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus brasiliensis are main species, captured mostly in Augusto Corrêa, Bragança, Curuçá, São Caetano de Odivelas, São João de Pirabas and Vigia towns. This study aim to describe the fishing systems of these towns in an approam social, technological, economic and ecological, in order to establishi policy tools, that support the development of a management plan for the sustainability of these fisheries. To describe the fishery systems, 45 attributes, were considered in a categorical scale or percentages, classified according the established dimensions. A ´study case´, aiming to better describe the fishing systems, was analised in Bragança. To identify groups and similarities betweem fishery systems and town. Multivariate analysis were applied this analysis reported two distinct groups of fishery systems. When analyzed by dimension, the fishery systems were similar for both social and ecological dimensions. In relation to technological and economical dimensions, was concluded that Bragança and Vigia (Acoupa weakfish system) were different specially by the boats operates, net size, production and profits. The spanish mackerel system, it was compore by a float of small boats (´Barcos de Pequeno Porte´). The case study showed that, although the low importance in acoupa weakfish commercialization are rather important, with a high commercialization value, the value of the meat is responsible for most of the profit. The Spanish mackerel case study reported that the fishery in Bragança ocorrin three different regions: coast Amapá, coast Salinas and coast Bragança. According these a management plan, based in a social dimension, must include actions that favors citizenship, health, education, job and qualification. In relation to the ecological dimension, considering that both fishery were stocks exploited at the maximum level, management measures must be implemented. Finally, with regard to technological and economic aspects, it was observed that in Bragança and in Vigia, the acoupa weakfish fishing systems were "sustainable". The increase in catches with a decreasing trend in the production should be considered be carefull specially whem new financings are to be released to the fisherman.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação diária e caracterização morfológica das larvas de peixes do complexo estuarino do Rio Amazonas - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) ZACARDI, Diego Maia; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007
The great importance of fishery resource for Amazonia, together with the necessity of more detailed basic information on identification of fish larvae (captured in their natural environment) justify the development of this study, which has the aim of expanding the knowledge about ichthyoplankton, relating it to diel variation tendency and tides from the estuarine complex of Amazonas river, PA. The material was collected during diurnal and nocturnal periods, in the second semester of 2007, by the PIATAM mar II project, under the subarea 1 (estuary of Paracauari river) and subarea 2 (Guajara Bay) in the tide sizigia and quadrature, in horizontal trawls the water column surface cylindrical-conical plankton 300μm mesh. The samples were maintained in recipients containing 4% formalin. Hydrologic factors were obtained in situ by the Chemical Oceanography Group of the Museum of Paraense Emilio Goeld, and were sorted and identified through on morphological, morphometric and meristic characteristics based on the development regressive sequence technique and specialized bibliography. The main structures and characteristics of the initial phases of fishes were described and illustrated, facilitating future studies focusing ichthyoplankton of the region. Superficial temperature of the water, hydrogenionic potential and dissolved oxygen did not show significant differences in the areas studied. The values of salinity did not show significant differences in relation to seasons of sampling and tides, registering only horizontal variation with the gradual increase in direction of the mouth river with high (12) and minimum (0) values to subareas 1 and 2, respectively. The highest densities of eggs were registered in subarea 1 in comparison with subarea 2. Moreover, highest densities of eggs were observed during diurnal period (163, 29 eggs/100m³), while in subarea 2 they were observed during nocturnal period (19,70 eggs/100m³). Larvae were distributed in 22 taxa representing 13 families and 21 species. The predominant taxa were: P. flavipinnis (46,29%), R. amazonica (19,75%), Engraulidae (10,70%), P. squamosissimus (7,55%), A. lineatus (5,19%), O. saurus (3,30%) and Gobiosoma sp. (2,15%), with a relative high participation of Clupeiformes (76,75%). When considering the development stage, it was observed a higher abundance of pre-flexion larvae in both subareas, while the stages yolk-sac and pos-flexion were less observed. Nocturnal period showed the highest density of larvae and number of taxa, evidencing a possible nictemeral migration of the plankton. Only M. furnieri showed significantly higher abundances in diurnal samples. The great majority of taxa did not present significant differences between diurnal and nocturnal samples. Hence, the density of larvae and number of taxa differ between diurnal and nocturnal periods and between tides. As a consequence, the morphologic characteristic described in this study allow an adequate identification of larvae, amplifying the biologic knowledge of the estuarine species from Para coast, considering that this information is still scarce and there is a necessity of intensification in this kind of research. Moreover, the comprehension of the ecology of the organisms, especially the ones which have life cycles associated to estuaries and the variations in the transport of larvae between diurnal and nocturnal periods, as well as between tides. These are fundamental topics to improve the management and conservation of these renewable resources.