Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PRODUCAO ANIMAL"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de sistema silvipastoril através do desempenho produtivo de búfalos manejados nas condições climáticas de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-03) CASTRO, Anderson Corrêa; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
A development was lead to study the relations between productive, physiological variable and of animal comfort of buffalos and factors of the physical environment, in silvipastoril system, involving african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) and indian nim (Azadirachta indica) and intensive rotation grazing of Cynodon nlemfuensis, in the period of may of 2003 the november of 2004, in the Unit of Animal Research "Senator Alvaro Adolpho", Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para state, in the climatic type Afi, with the rainier of december to may and less rainy time, of june to november. The area of experimental pasture, 5,4 ha, is divided in six plots, with animal permanence of five days and 25 days of rest. Had been used 26 buffaloes Murrah race, no castrated, with age between 231 and 303 days. Descriptive analysis of the experimental data was effected, for attainment of averages, shunting line standard, minimum and maximum values, correlations and variances, considering weight gain, availability and chemical composition of the pasture, physiological variable of the animals, climatic variable, development of the forest essences, Comfortal Index (CI) and Temperature – humidity Index (THI). Excellent performance of the experimental animals was observed, with 0.911 average gain of kg/day and 510 kg of final alive weight. In the periods more and less rainy, the availability, the crude protein levels of stem, leaf and entire plant and the digestibility "in vitro" of the dry and the organic matter of the pasture had been satisfactory, taking care of the minimum necessities for maintenance and detached productive performance. Occurred interferences of the meteorological variable in the cardiac beatings, respiratory frequency, rectal temperature and ruminal movement of the animals. The CI exceeded the critical level, mainly in the period less rainy, as well as the THI levels had been raised, supplanting considered of emergency, indicating the necessity of practical of manipulation of the physical environment to raise the animal performance. The development of the forest essences already supplies better ambience to the animals, in function of the shade, which contributes for the reduction of thermal stress and promotes better performance productive of the buffalos.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do ganho de peso e aspectos reprodutivos de primíparas zebuínas suplementadas com uréia no período seco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) CARDOSO, Robson Pinto; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236
This study aimed to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of cow cutting, supplemented with urea in the dry season. We used 58 females Tabapuã x Nellore crossbred, pregnant, with a mean age of 39 months and average weight of 399 kg. The worm and experimental animals were divided into two groups, in an area of 50 ha of grass Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with 25 ha for each group, one group (A) supplemented with mineral and another (B) with mineral enriched with urea, the ratio of 80:20 (salt: urea). During the months of August-November, when most of the year in the dry, the grass had on average 5,800 kg of dry matter per hectare to 6.2% crude protein. These mixtures were administered in mineral cochos covered in order to meet ad libitum consumption during the dry period. The experimental design was completely randomized to two treatments. Difference was observed for final body weight (PVF) between the treatment with salt and mineral supplementation with urea, with average values of 360.1 kg and 385.8 kg, respectively. Difference was also observed for average daily gain, with an average of 0.465 kg/an/day for the treated group and 0.284 kg/an/day for the control group, postpartum with a gain of 41.2 and 26.5 kg/animal, respectively. The best performance of the supplemented animals should be related to the increase in dry matter intake promoted by supplementation with urea (12.610 kg to 8.744 kg). The best body growth (weight and body score) to the beginning of the amounts reflected in the expression of heat these animals, whereas 75% of cows supplemented with urea had expressed estrus during the first 60 days from the amounts to only 53, 33% of nonsupplemented. When we evaluated the whole period from the mount was not observed difference between the expression of estrus in females supplemented or not, a fact related to good body score submitted by the end of the animal to mount, 3.7 in females supplemented and 2, 9 in non-supplemented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características e índices produtivos de muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpioides) em cativeiro na ilha de Marajó, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) COSTA, Juliane da Silva; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676
Historically, chelonians have played an important role as a natural resource as human food in the region, notably Kinosternon scorpioides specie or scorpion mud turtle, locally known as muçuã which has been suffering a gradual imbalance caused by inordinate catch. We aimed to evaluate the indexes of productive characteristics, at different stages of breeding, and the reproductive characteristics of copulation, ovarian activity and hatching of muçuãs in captivity, aiming better activity through an adequate zootechnical handling. The study was done between 2007 and 2015, when we analyzed 84 copulations, 742 ovarian activity and 1,979 births for reproductive evaluations, 1,835 animals in captivity, 921 animals for reproduction, and 3,614, among males and females for reproductive evaluations grown in captivity at Criatório Científico of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Marajó Island -PA. In the reproductive characteristic analyses the results showed that the reproductive period is seasonal, concentrating couplings during the rainy season, when the average coupling activity consisted of 00:23:00 h, with proportion male: female of 2,38 + 1,67. The egg formation process took 122,98 + 45,38 days. The egg laying distribution presented a climax tendency between the end of June and early August. Nidification average duration was 02:57:00 h. The egg viability found was 20%. The correlation results between the biometric, weight, and number of eggs characteristics were positive. The egg biometrical results were 34,5 mm long, and 18 mm wide, with average weight of 7,90 g. The average duration of incubation, in days, was 129.31 + 19.57. Births concentrated between September and December. The correlations of biometric characteristics with the hatchlings weight were positive between the variables (P≤0,0001). For the productive characteristics the weights were obtained for all zootechnical categories where the hatchlings in the nesting area, with approximately 12 months of age, weighed 199.20 + 45,36 g and the adult above 36 months, had an average weight of 503.63 + 73.21 g. The correlations between weight and body measurements were significant As (P≤00001) for all categories. The results of influence of morphometric measurements over weight for all categories were significant (P≤0.0005). For weight and body measurement analyses under the influence of the season of the year we observed that the variables were significant (P≤00005), except for reproduction. For reproduction, weight and body measurements were evaluated considering the influence of sex, when it was observed that females had more than males, but males were longer than females. The characteristics of coupling, incubation period, and hatching permit to delineate a reproductive handling for raisin the specie in captivity under the conditions of Marajó Island. Research directed toward biology, nutrition, and handling of muçuãs must be encouraged to increase production ex situ, providing greater subsidies for the establishment of systems of production that meet commercial demand by promoting conservation and increase of variability of the specie.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção na bovinocultura leiteira nas mesorregiões sudeste e nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) DANTAS, Vanderson Vasconcelos; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068
The dairy industry is of great importance in the regional economy in terms of employment and income generation , especially for family farming . Know the reality of these systems becomes essential so that they can generate specific grants for further development of the activity. In this context, studies on the different production systems emerge as an important tool. The objective of this study systems of milk production was characterized in the regions of Southeast and Northeast Pará through the use of multivariate analysis techniques . The survey was conducted through questionnaires with 112 properties located in the municipalities of Ulianópolis - PA and PA - Irituia . Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and processed using SPSS 18.0 software . Through frequency analysis revealed that the total area of varied properties 7-1600 ha . The owners were ranked according to the number of cows in the existing properties and the lowest represented by those with less than 10 cows, which corresponded to 5.35 % and higher over 50 ( 23.21 %). Regarding herd productivity observed an overall average of 4.34 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Feeding the flock is based on cultivated pastures , being the most used braquiarão . Only 19.60% of the properties held supplementation with concentrate and roughage with 13.39% . The reproductive management is performed in 86.6 % through natural mating without any control , which results in little specialized animals for dairy production . The management of milking presents itself as the poor hygienic and sanitary conditions , resulting in a poor quality product . Management practices show little expression among producers . With respect to the typology established through factor analysis revealed four factors that explained 66.99 % of the original variables , and the cluster analysis identified 4 groups of producers with similar profiles . The group III corresponded to the group of producers that had the highest adoption of technology such as supplemental feeding , health management , milking and activity management technology, thus having better performance with an average productivity of 5.02 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Groups I and II are characterized by family production systems with low specialization and low productivity and group IV consists of family farmers who presented with an incipient share of agriculture production , having the lowest production and economic returns.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparação de peso e rendimento de carcaça entre vacas bovinas e bubalinas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) CRUZ, Sanderley Simões da; ARAÚJO, Cláudio Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5049897507837031
Records of alive weight, weight of carcass, weight of primary cuts and income of carcass, proceeding from the Company Scope Ltda, located in the district of Icoaraci, Located in Belém-Pará, had been used to discriminate possible differences between bubaline and bovine, abated females during the year of 2007. The registers of alive weight had been used to separate the sample in light and weighed females, separately in each species, using as threshold the corresponding value the median of the alive weight in each species. Thus, four groups of females, bubalinas and bovine, light and weighed had been composites. For comparison between female vectors of averages of the weights alive, weights hot carcass, left and right hot carcass, weight of the cold carcass, front weight, back weight, weight tip-of-needle and weight leather, between bubaline and bovine, light and weighed, it was used procedures of multivaried inference. The results had disclosed the heterogeneities for the weight of abate of the animals, inside and between species, having a clear-cut standard of ideal weight to it does not abate it. Bubaline had gotten greaters weights for carcass component, when compared with the females of the bovine group. Excepting the weight of the cold carcass and the tip of needle, bubaline of the group weighed, had gotten comparative average greater when to the light group. Inside of the group of bovine females it did not have difference statistics for the weight of carcass cold (P<0,01). It is verified that, in average, bovine had presented greater income, except for the front. The intra-racial Groups had been presented significantly different between itself (P). On the other hand, it was not verified intra-racial differences for the incomes of carcaças hot, cold carcass, front and back pernil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de parâmetros para a avaliação de carcaça em bubalinos machos no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-04) SEIXAS, Vitória Nazaré Costa; ARAÚJO, Cláudio Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5049897507837031; CARDOSO, Elyzabeth da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8805703740727765
This work had as objective to create a protocol for identification of carcass’ quality of male buffalo abated at the Pará State. For this purpose, the work was conducted in two stages. Firstly, were utilized 174 animals for the creation and implementation of the age identification protocol throughout the development of the incisive teeth pairs and the linear measures of hindquarters and height of anterior part, thoracic perimeter and body length. The second stage was the ratification of the preestablished protocol inserted on the evaluation of carcass characteristics through the cold and hot carcass efficiency plus five other typical parameters using 76 abated animals. Was noted the absence of the deciduous corner (fourth pair) in the animals from zero to three months. These corners were definitively noted between three and six months. From six months the incisive deciduous teeth are all presents and established. At the 24th month started the change of the “tweezers” (first tooth pair). Between the 30th and 50th month occurred the change second and third teeth pairs and from the 55th month the change of the fourth teeth pair. From the 55th to the 100th month the animals showed established all incisive permanent teeth. The live weight showed a positive and significant correlation with the linear measures. From the 25,7th to the 30th month was a reduction on the growth tax in consequence of the puberty and development of the fat layer. From 18th there was not significant difference on the carcass characteristics except in relation to the shoulder blade. Thus, we conclude that the beginning of the “tweezers” teeth change is the ideal age for abate where there is the coincidence of the reduction of growth tax and fat layer deposition in the carcass.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Peixes ornamentais do rio xingu: manutenção e reprodução do Acari zebra Hypancistrus zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-29) RAMOS, Fabrício Menezes; CORDEIRO, Carlos Alberto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5010139685215361; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
The Hypancistrus zebra is an endangered species, but remains illegally captured and sold in the Middle Xingu region, mainly due to lack of creating technology that enable its creation in captivity and reduce the exploitation of natural stocks. Thus, the main objective of this work is to generate maintenance protocols and reproduction of zebra pleco, Hypancistrus zebra in captivity. Therefore, we obtained 300 copies of acari zebra according to SISBIO authorization No. 38215-2 and ethics committee animal No 03.14.00.017.00.00. This study was divided into four chapters, the first being related to conduct an inventory of the species of the Xingu River to select the priority species for the development of farming technologies; Evaluate the acceptability of different food and shelter in maintaining zebra pleco maintained in the laboratory; To evaluate various conditions for inducing playback zebra pleco in tanks and; Evaluate feeding management for fry of F1 generation Hypancistrus zebra. Based on the array were chosen five species of the family Loricariidae (Hypancistrus zebra, Hypancistrus sp.2, Baryancistrus xanthelus, Scobinancistrus sp.3 and Ancistrus sp.4), one species to Potamotrygonidae (Potamotrygon leopoldii) and two species of cichlid (Creniciclha regani and Teleociclha spp.). With respect to the preference for shelters acari zebra time spent in shelters was higher in clay shelters (276 ± 51 day min-1) followed by the stone shelter (198 ± 96 day min-1), outside the shelter (134 ± 15 day min-1), and PVC under (70 ± 52 day min-1). The preference for food the sort order of preference of the food was higher for Artemia sp. followed by food fish, shrimp and mussels. But when the fish fed with Artemia sp. or mix food, they had higher final weight, final length and weight gain compared to single foods with shrimp and fish. Regarding the frequency and feed rate, there was no interaction between the rate and the supply frequency and the frequency 2:03 daily feeds and feed rate of 10% day-1 body weight promote better results of production performance. It was also observed that the best storage density is 2.00 g L-1 to provide the best specific growth rate. Regarding reproduction were observed five spawns from different couples, and 3 to 1 male and 2 females. The biggest male is the dominant territorialist and have parental care. average position of 13.8 ± 6.72 eggs, diameter of 4.4 ± 0.12, volume 41.4 mm3 volume and calf 34.3 mm3. The outbreak is 7 days post fertilization (PF) and PF 17 days the yolk sac has been absorbed. The different values tested for electrical conductivity in the water and hormonal treatments were not enough to promote spawns in acari zebras. Performance figures in fingerlings acari zebra remained similar between the treatments. It follows therefore, that the zebra pleco is the kind of priority Xingu river in technology development. The use of ceramic refuges is the most suitable in Hypancistrus zebra. The zebra pleco should be cultivated at a density of 2 g L-1, and its power is not random, with preference for brine shrimp, which must be distributed in 10% day-1 body weight in 2 daily feedings. In addition to complementary food brine shrimp can be combined to provide similar performance. Captive breeding is however possible new techniques that facilitate the scheduling of reproduction should be evaluated. Furthermore, due to the short larval stage and with great reserve yolk sac, promote healthier fry and being resistant to feed frequency not directly influence on performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produtividade de vacas mestiças leiteiras em sistema semi-intensivo nos municípios de Irituia e Mãe do rio do nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-30) BARBAS, Cristiane de Carvalho; RIBEIRO, Haroldo Francisco Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614582293203770
Check the influence of environmental factors on reproduction and production traits in dairy cattle genetic groups exploited in some farms in the municipalities of Irituia and Mother of the river in northeastern Pará. We used an average of 454 animals lactating crossbred Holstein, Brown Swiss and Girolando belonging two farms to system with the semi-intensive in the less rainy season. The mean and standard deviation for total milk production was equal to 1097,36 ± 330,47 kg, with a coefficient of variation equal to 25,64% and the group genetic Holstein, the less rainy season of birth and year of 2007 produced more. The period of lactation had an effect on the linear and increasing total milk production. The lactation period showed a mean and standard deviation equal to 218,17 ± 43,17 days, the highest average for the period of lactation was observed in the rainiest season and the average lactation period decreased over the years 2007 and 2008. The mean and standard deviation of calving interval found in the herd was equal to 398,975 ± 60,85 days. The least rainy season had an average calving interval of less than rainiest season and the average interval between births was reduced from 2006. The average age at first calving was found to be 38,57 ± 5,81 months. The coefficients of determination were greater than 0,85 (R2 a> 0,85), and genetic group for Holstein, the settings were better than those other two settings of genetic groups. For the genetic group Girolando, the shape of the lactation curve differed from the other two genetic groups difficult adjustment for the functions Gamma incomplete, Linear hyperbolic and Polynomial inverse. The adjustments made by the function Polynomial inverse showed slight deviation from the other two functions. The group presented genetic Holstein production peak and persistence slightly higher compared to other genetic groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema reprodutor feminino de três espécies do gênero Saimiri Voigt, 1831 (Primates: Cebidae): observações macroscópicas e histológicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-18) LOPES, Gerson Paulino; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149
The platyrrhine primates show variation in their reproductive aspects, their strategies, behaviors, physiology and morphoanatomy. Some of these variations may be consequences of the coevolution of the constituent elements of the genitalia of both sexes through sexual selection. Morphological differences may represent a high degree of specialization of the intraspecific genital organs, which entails a "lock-key" mechanism, which may constitute one of the mechanisms of copulatory and reproductive isolation, with implications in the speciation processes. In females, anatomical and physiological barriers within the vagina, cervix, uterus, uterus-tubal junction, and uterine tubes may be obstacles to male gametes towards fertilization and may influence the outcome of potential sperm competition. In neotropical primates, some morphological descriptions pointed out several similarities and differences between the components of the female reproductive system. Saimiri sciureus, Saimiri oerstedii and Saimiri collinsi were described in primates of the Saimiri genus. Recently, previously identified forms as S. sciureus and considered as subspecies of this, were elevated to the level of species. Among them are Saimiri macrodon and Saimiri cassiquiarensis. These species are widely distributed in the Amazon and occur in peripatria with Saimiri vanzolinii in the Mamirauá Reserve, Central Amazonia. The limits of the geographical distribution of the three species are well delineated, but the mechanisms that promote the reproductive isolation are still not clear. The possibility of hybrids and the progressive invasion of S. cassiquiarensis in the area of S. vanzolinii occurrence are of concern. Some mixed groups were observed in the contact zone between S. vanzolinii and S. cassiquiarensis. The absence of geographical barriers requires that segregation between these species be elucidated by other parameters, such as reproductive isolation due to morphological incompatibility. In this context, we describe the female reproductive system of these species in order to evaluate the possibility that genital morphology constitutes a mechanism of reproductive isolation between them, through the anatomical, topographic and histological description of the external genitalia and internal organs of the female reproductive system. We found that these species share many similarities in most of the organs analyzed. Although some important differences have been identified that may play a relevant role in the evolution of the components of the reproductive system of these species, these differences are not enough to compose a mechanism of reproductive isolation for these three species of Saimiri. Our descriptions provide important information that can assist in the construction of conservation strategies for these and other species of the Saimiri genus. As well as subsidizing the development of reproductive biotechnologies, especially endangered species such as S. vanzolinii, and elucidating questions about evolutionary aspects of the components of the reproductive system of these species and other primates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de modelo de regressão aleatória na análise de produção de leite em bubalinos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-11-29) PEREIRA, Daniela Cristina Portal; ARAÚJO, Cláudio Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5049897507837031
Data comprising 1,719 milk yield controls of 357 females predominantly Murrah breed, daughters of 110 sires, whose birth had occurred between the years of 1974 and 2004, obtained from the Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Bubalinos (PROMEBUL) with the addition of records proceeding from the herd of the EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental - EAO, located in Belém, Pará, State, were used to compare random regression models, for estimating variance components and predicting breeding values of the sires... The data of milk yield were analyzed by different random regression models using the Legendre’s orthogonal polynomials functions of second, third and fourth order . The random regression models included the effects herd-year, month of parity date of the control, regression coefficients for age of females (in order to describe the fixed part of the lactation curve) and random regression coefficients related to the direct genetic effects and the permanent environment. The comparisons among the models were based in the Akaike Criteria Infromation. The random regression model which used the third order Legendre’s polynomials and four class of the environmental effect was the model which better described the additive genetic variation of the milk yield The heritability estimates obtained varied from 0.08 to 0.40.. The genetic correlations between milk yield in ages more near, were close to unit, but in ages less close, the correlations were low. The Pearson and Spearman’s correlations between the predicted breeding values of sires in all situations were close to the unit.